Cross-sectional surveys

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Martin Prince ◽  
Jayati Das-Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Designs

This chapter provides an overview of cross-sectional study designs. The chapter covers the application of cross-sectional surveys, the importance of defining the base population and methods to determine sampling, the issues of non-response, representativeness, and generalizability in cross-sectional surveys, as well as more specific methodological issues such as two-phase surveys. The practicalities of conducting cross-sectional surveys from initial design stages through to analyses and dissemination stages are covered. An overview is provided on the strength and limitations of cross-sectional surveys and their application to wider contexts, where there may be concerns around service planning and the population-level impact of mental disorders. The chapter concludes with an overview of landmark international cross-sectional surveys which have informed psychiatric epidemiology worldwide.

scholarly journals Symptoms of common mental disorders and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adults living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049824
Author(s):  
Andreas D Haas ◽  
Cordelia Kunzekwenyika ◽  
Stefanie Hossmann ◽  
Josphat Manzero ◽  
Janneke van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv

ObjectivesTo examine the proportion of people living with HIV who screen positive for common mental disorders (CMD) and the associations between CMD and self-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).SettingSixteen government-funded health facilities in the rural Bikita district of Zimbabwe.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsHIV-positive non-pregnant adults, aged 18 years or older, who lived in Bikita district and had received ART for at least 6 months.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of participants screening positive for CMD defined as a Shona Symptoms Questionnaire score of 9 or greater. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of participants reporting suicidal ideation, perceptual symptoms and suboptimal ART adherence and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for factors associated with CMD, suicidal ideation, perceptual symptoms and suboptimal ART adherence.ResultsOut of 3480 adults, 18.8% (95% CI 14.8% to 23.7%) screened positive for CMD, 2.7% (95% CI 1.5% to 4.7%) reported suicidal ideations, and 1.5% (95% CI 0.9% to 2.6%) reported perceptual symptoms. Positive CMD screens were more common in women (aPR 1.67, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.35) than in men and were more common in adults aged 40–49 years (aPR 1.47, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.85) or aged 50–59 years (aPR 1.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.17) than in those 60 years or older. Positive CMD screen was associated with suboptimal adherence (aPR 1.53; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.70).ConclusionsA substantial proportion of people living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe are affected by CMD. There is a need to integrate mental health services and HIV programmes in rural Zimbabwe.Trial registration numberNCT03704805.

scholarly journals Recent suicide attempts and serum lipid profile in subjects with mental disorders: A cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Capuzzi ◽  
Francesco Bartoli ◽  
Cristina Crocamo ◽  
Maria Rosaria Malerba ◽  
Massimo Clerici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Lipid Profile ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Tobacco and alcohol use, sexual behavior and common mental disorders among military students at the Police Academy, São Paulo, Brazil. A cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-244
Author(s):  
Arlene de Maria Perez ◽  
Isabela Martins Benseñor
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Police Academy ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The lifestyle of military personnel has been little studied in Brazil. This study evaluated the frequencies of tobacco and alcohol use, sexual behavior and mental health among military students.DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at the Police Academy, in São Paulo.METHODS: Students answered a questionnaire about tobacco use, alcohol consumption, sexual behavior and common mental disorders (CMDs). To analyze associations among the frequencies of smoking and alcohol use, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and CMDs during the undergraduate years, we built a multinomial logistic regression model adjusted for age and sex.RESULTS: All 473 students were invited to participate and 430 (90.9%) agreed (10.5% were women). Most were white (76.6%), aged < 30 years, from the upper middle class (78.1%). The frequency of smoking was 6.5%, alcohol consumption 69.3%, STDs 14% and CMDs 15.6%. The use of condoms was low. Fourth-year students presented a lower odds ratio (OR) for STDs than the first-year students: 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.22-0.90). Third-year students presented a lower OR for CMDs than the first-year students.CONCLUSION: The frequencies of smoking and CMDs were low, while the frequency of alcohol consumption was similar to that of the Brazilian population. The use of condoms was low, in comparison with previous studies with similar samples. The results suggest that there was a certain degree of protection against CMDs and STDs during the undergraduate years.

scholarly journals Population preferences and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination: a cross-sectional study from Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Junaid Tahir ◽  
Muhammad Saqlain ◽  
Waleed Tariq ◽  
Summaiya Waheed ◽  
Steven H. S. Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background While vaccine development is itself a challenge; ensuring optimal vaccine uptake at population level can present an even more significant challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the Pakistani population’s attitude and preferences towards the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out through an online self-administered questionnaire from 27 September 2020 to 11 October 2020. A total of 883 people responded to the survey. The questionnaire included the participants’ socio-demographic variables, attitudes, beliefs towards the COVID-19 vaccine and acceptance and rejection of vaccination, and reasons for them. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the predictors for vaccine acceptance and willingness to pay for the vaccine. Results A majority (70.8%) of respondents will accept the COVID-19vaccine if available, and 66.8% showed a positive attitude towards vaccination. Monthly family income, education level, self-diagnosis of COVID-19 or a friend, family member, or colleague are significant factors influencing the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. The dogma of being naturally immune to COVID-19 was a key reason for the refusal of the vaccine. Less than half (48%) of those who refuse will vaccinate themselves if government officials have made it compulsory. A third (33.9%) of participants were willing to pay up to (7 USD) 1000 Pkr (Pakistani Rupees) for the vaccine. Conclusion The population’s positive attitude should be improved by increasing awareness and eradicating false myths about vaccines through large-scale campaigns.

scholarly journals Protocol for a Japanese nationwide repeated cross-sectional study to assess tobacco and nicotine product use behaviour after market introduction of tobacco heating products (THPs)

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Adamson ◽  
Claudia Kanitscheider ◽  
Krishna Prasad ◽  
Oscar M. Camacho ◽  
Elisabeth Beyerlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Consumer Demographics ◽  
One Year ◽  
Behavioural Aspects

Background - In recent years there has been a proliferation of alternative tobacco and nicotine products that reduce consumers’ exposure to harmful substances and therefore have the potential to reduce risk to health. Post-market surveillance enables the evaluation of newly introduced tobacco and nicotine products (aka potentially reduced risk products (PRRPs)) at a population level. This study aims to investigate tobacco and nicotine consumer demographics and discover how people are using these products, and characterise behavioral trends as transitions between tobacco heated products (THPs) and other nicotine products. These behavioural aspects, in conjunction with the intrinsic risk of the product, are essential for assessing the potential health effects and establishing a population risk assessment. Design and methods - This epidemiological cross-sectional study will collect data using a self-administered study instrument from the general Japanese population aged 20 years and older. The targeted sampling size is up to 5,000 participants per study wave. The study addresses the following objectives: estimation of tobacco and nicotine use prevalence; characterisation of  product usage by product type; changes in use behaviour in general, with particular emphasis on the introduction of THPs in the time period of one year; risk perceptions of different tobacco products and no tobacco usage; and participant perceived health status and quality of life. Discussion - The description of tobacco and nicotine product use behaviour, the estimation of prevalence data, the measuring of product-specific risk perception and the change of tobacco use behaviour within one year will allow for a comprehensive assessment of the effect of introducing THPs into a market. These data could also be used to inform a system dynamics population model in order to estimate the public health impact of introducing a THP into the Japanese market.

Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety, and Screening for Mental Disorders in Migrainous Patients

Cephalalgia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Kowacs ◽  
MP Socal ◽  
SC Ziomkowski ◽  
VF Borges-Neto ◽  
DP Toniolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Gender Education

The purpose of this clinic-based study was the assessment of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and non-specific psychiatric disorders amongst patients with migraine, compared with healthy subjects and with individuals with a non-neurological chronic disease. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 178 individuals (migraine 51; psoriasis 35; healthy 92) were submitted to three scales: MADRS (depression), STAI-T (anxiety) and SRQ (screening for mental disorders). The subjects with migraine and psoriasis were from the Out-patient Clinics of Headache and of Dermatology, and the healthy volunteers were persons who were accompanying out-patients in the same hospital. Scores were analysed by MANOVA and by association analysis and logistic regression. Scores of all instruments were higher in the migrainous group, but the univariate analysis of association (using cut-offs) showed significance only for suspicion of mental disorders (SRQ). By logistic regression, variables with strongest association to migraine were gender, education, and SRQ in decreasing order.

scholarly journals Common psychiatric symptoms among public school teachers in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. An observational cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Baldaçara ◽  
Álvaro Ferreira Silva ◽  
José Gerley Díaz Castro ◽  
Gessi de Carvalho Araújo Santos
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public School Teachers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Teachers are at great risk of physical and mental stress due to material or psychological difficulties associated with their work. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of common psychiatric symptoms measured on the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) scale that would suggest a diagnosis of psychiatric disorders among public school teachers in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil, in 2012. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational cross-sectional study in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. METHOD: We assessed 110 municipal teachers in the city of Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. They were selected randomly from a list of employees of the Municipal Education Department of Palmas. All of them answered the SRQ-20 questionnaire after giving their consent. RESULTS: Between the years 2008 and 2011, 24 cases of absence from work due to mental disorders were found. We excluded one case and 109 teachers answered the SRQ-20questionnaire. Out of the 109 teachers assessed, 54 had ≥ 7 points on the SRQ-20 scale. This finding suggests that 49.5% of the teachers had symptoms that were sufficient to consider a diagnosis of mental disorder, with the need for treatment. CONCLUSION: Our study found that the prevalence of mental disorders among teachers is as high as seen in the literature. Our results suggest that recognition of mental disorders is low and that the current statistics fail to reach the occupational health sector.

Food Consumption Patterns, Breakfast, Meals with Family and Associations with Common Mental Disorders in Adolescents: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Helena Almeida Gratão ◽  
Milene Cristine Pessoa ◽  
Thales Philipe Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Luana Lara Rocha ◽  
Monique Louise Cassimiro Inácio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eating Practices ◽  
Food Consumption Pattern

Abstract BackgroundAdolescence is a period of transition and vulnerabilities, in which mental illnesses can develop more easily. The objective of this work is to verify the association between food consumption patterns and the presence of Common Mental Disorders in Brazilian adolescents. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study which analyzed data from 71,553 Brazilian adolescents aged 12-17 years, from the ERICA Study. Principal Component Analysis was performed to identify Food Consumption Patterns, and Logistic Regression Models were performed to identify the associations between Common Mental Disorders, Food Consumption Patterns, and eating practices that are breakfast consumption and practice of having meals accompanied by family. ResultsTwo patterns were found, a Healthy Food Consumption Pattern and a Unhealthy Food Consumption Pattern. Adolescents classified in the second (OR: 0.77; 95% CI 0.68 - 0.88) or third (OR: 0.87; 95% CI 0.74 - 0.95) tercile of the Healthy Food Consumption Pattern had a lower chance of having Common Mental Disorders, while those who belonged to the third tercile of the Unhealthy Food Consumption Pattern (OR: 1.22; 95% CI 1.02 - 1.42), had an increased chance of having Common Mental Disorders. Eating breakfast sometimes (OR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.59 - 0.80) or almost every day/every day (OR: 0.52; 95% CI 0.46 - 0.59), and the practice of having the main meals with the family sometimes (OR: 0.64; 95% CI 0.54 - 0.75) or almost every day/every day (OR: 0.48; 95% CI 0.40-0.55), decreased the chance for Common Mental Disorders.ConclusionStrategies to promote the mental health of adolescents as the adoption of healthy eating practices must be strengthened and promoted.

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