Genetic basis of hyperuricaemia and gout

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Dalbeth
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Acute Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Country Specific

Owing to the different means of ascertaining prevalence between studies, it is difficult to compare prevalence across countries. Country-specific studies that collect data with the same methodology show that the prevalence of gout is increasing. Factors that influence the prevalence of gout are inherited genetic factors and environmental exposures. Some foods that increase serum urate levels and trigger acute gouty arthritis are risk factors—red meat and beer are the best established, but seafood and sugar-sweetened beverages also increase serum urate levels and are strong anecdotal triggers of flares. Diuretics associate with increased serum urate and the risk of gout. Hyperuricaemia and gout are co-morbid with other metabolic conditions, the most prominent being heart disease, renal disease, and type 2 diabetes. Collectively the evidence does not suggest that increased serum urate levels are clinically detrimental, except in gout, nephrolithiasis, and perhaps progression of heart and kidney disease.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among males in The Manggis Area, Karangasem, Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Mirah Adhi ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Suariyani ◽  
I Wayan Weta ◽  
Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Obesity

AbstractBackground and purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious health problem worldwide. Local alcohol consumption is one of Balinese’s traditions considered to be associated with the high incidence of DM. This study aims to determine the pattern of alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 DM in Manggis Subdistrict, Karangasem, Bali.Methods A case control study was conducted in 55 men with type 2 DM as cases and 55 non-diabetic men as controls. Non-diabetic men were defined with fasting glucose level (GDP) <100 mg/dl and without clinical symptoms of DM. Cases were recruited from the patient's register at the public health centre (PHC) in Manggis Sub-District and controls were recruited from similar neighborhood with the cases and matched by age. Data were collected over May-July 2017 by households’ interview using structured questionnaires. Multivariate analysis was employed using logistic regression to identify the risk factors of type 2 DM.Results: The characteristics of cases and controls were similar in terms of age, education and physical activity, but there was a significant difference in employment. Multivariate analysis showed that heavy alcohol consumption (AOR=7.84; 95%CI: 1.46-42.28), frequent consumption of high sugar alcohol drinks (AOR=3.45; 95%CI: 1.16-10.22), history of obesity (AOR=8.82; 95% CI: 2.43-32.01), employed (AOR=5.98; 95%CI: 1.89-18.93) and frequent consumption of sweetened beverages (AOR=39,57; 95%CI: 4.00-391,8) were significantly associated with the incidence of type 2 DM. No significant association was found between the duration of alcohol consumption and the incidence of type 2 DM.Conclusions: Alcohol consumption, a history of obesity, consumption of high sugar alcohol drinks, retirement/unemployment and consumption of sweetened beverages are associated with the incidence of type 2 DM. Education regarding those risk factors should be enhanced to reduce the incidence of type 2 DM.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among males in The Manggis Area, Karangasem, Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Mirah Adhi ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Suariyani ◽  
I Wayan Weta ◽  
Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Obesity

AbstractBackground and purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious health problem worldwide. Local alcohol consumption is one of Balinese’s traditions considered to be associated with the high incidence of DM. This study aims to determine the pattern of alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 DM in Manggis Subdistrict, Karangasem, Bali.Methods A case control study was conducted in 55 men with type 2 DM as cases and 55 non-diabetic men as controls. Non-diabetic men were defined with fasting glucose level (GDP) <100 mg/dl and without clinical symptoms of DM. Cases were recruited from the patient's register at the public health centre (PHC) in Manggis Sub-District and controls were recruited from similar neighborhood with the cases and matched by age. Data were collected over May-July 2017 by households’ interview using structured questionnaires. Multivariate analysis was employed using logistic regression to identify the risk factors of type 2 DM.Results: The characteristics of cases and controls were similar in terms of age, education and physical activity, but there was a significant difference in employment. Multivariate analysis showed that heavy alcohol consumption (AOR=7.84; 95%CI: 1.46-42.28), frequent consumption of high sugar alcohol drinks (AOR=3.45; 95%CI: 1.16-10.22), history of obesity (AOR=8.82; 95% CI: 2.43-32.01), employed (AOR=5.98; 95%CI: 1.89-18.93) and frequent consumption of sweetened beverages (AOR=39,57; 95%CI: 4.00-391,8) were significantly associated with the incidence of type 2 DM. No significant association was found between the duration of alcohol consumption and the incidence of type 2 DM.Conclusions: Alcohol consumption, a history of obesity, consumption of high sugar alcohol drinks, retirement/unemployment and consumption of sweetened beverages are associated with the incidence of type 2 DM. Education regarding those risk factors should be enhanced to reduce the incidence of type 2 DM.

scholarly journals Interaction of the p.Q141K Variant of the ABCG2 Gene with Clinical Data and Cytokine Levels in Primary Hyperuricemia and Gout

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Horváthová ◽  
Jana Bohatá ◽  
Markéta Pavlíková ◽  
Kateřina Pavelcová ◽  
Karel Pavelka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Acute Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Multiplex Cytokine ◽  
Abcg2 Gene

Gout is an inflammatory arthritis influenced by environmental risk factors and genetic variants. The common dysfunctional p.Q141K allele of the ABCG2 gene affects gout development. We sought after the possible association between the p.Q141K variant and gout risk factors, biochemical, and clinical determinants in hyperuricemic, gouty, and acute gouty arthritis cohorts. Further, we studied the correlation of p.Q141K allele and levels of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines. Coding regions of the ABCG2 gene were analyzed in 70 primary hyperuricemic, 182 gout patients, and 132 normouricemic individuals. Their genotypes were compared with demographic and clinical parameters. Plasma levels of 27 cytokines were determined using a human multiplex cytokine assay. The p.Q141K variant was observed in younger hyperuricemic/gout individuals (p = 0.0003), which was associated with earlier disease onset (p = 0.004), trend toward lower BMI (p = 0.056), and C-reactive protein (CRP, p = 0.007) but a higher glomerular filtration rate (GFR, p = 0.035). Levels of 19 cytokines were higher, mainly in patients with acute gouty arthritis (p < 0.001), irrespective of the presence of the p.Q141K variant. The p.Q141K variant influences the age of onset of primary hyperuricemia or gout and other disease-linked risk factors and symptoms. There was no association with cytokine levels in the circulation.

scholarly journals Patient risk factors and adverse drug interactions in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis in the elderly: a case report

Cases Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Zagler ◽  
Angelika Kaneppele ◽  
Peter Pattis ◽  
Ingrid Stockner ◽  
Günther Sitzmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Patient Risk ◽  
Acute Gouty Arthritis

Genetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
pp. 1734-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Grarup ◽  
Torben Hansen ◽  
Oluf Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Molecular Pathogenesis ◽  
Molecular Genetic Basis

For years, it has been well known that genetic factors are crucially important for the development of type 2 diabetes. Despite major efforts in seeking to understand the molecular genetic basis, until a few years ago, only a handful of genes responsible for relatively rare monogenic and syndromic subsets of diabetes were detected, and progress in finding genetic predispositions to common type 2 diabetes was lacking. Even though the unravelling of the molecular pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is still in its infancy, the last few years have, nevertheless, brought some interesting developments. Box 13.3.1.1 provides a glossary of terms used currently in genetics.

scholarly journals Patient risk factors and adverse drug interactions in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis in the elderly: a case report

Cases Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6602
Author(s):  
Bernhard Zagler ◽  
Angelika Kaneppele ◽  
Peter Pattis ◽  
Ingrid Stockner ◽  
Günther Sitzmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Patient Risk ◽  
Acute Gouty Arthritis

scholarly journals The utility of animal models of human energy homeostasis

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (S1) ◽  
pp. S41-S45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Thibault ◽  
Stephen C. Woods ◽  
Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Human Energy ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Environmental Causes

The prevalence of obesity among adults and children has increased steadily over the last few years worldwide, reaching epidemic proportions. Particularly alarming is the link between obesity and the development of chronic disorders such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and some cancers (Bjorntorp, 1997). Environmental causes of obesity are thought to include a sedentary lifestyle and an abundance of highly palatable energy-dense foods (Hill et al. 2003). Genetic factors also contribute to susceptibility to obesity, although the genetic basis of most human obesities is thought to be polygenic (Comuzzie & Allison, 1998; Barsh et al. 2000). The present paper considers some of the animal models used to infer aspects of human obesity, with an emphasis upon their usefulness.

Clustering of metabolic comorbidity in schizophrenia: a genetic contribution?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. L. Gough ◽  
Michael C. O’Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Susceptibility Loci ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Develop Type ◽  
Shared Genetic

People with schizophrenia are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than the general population. Although an increased risk of diabetes has been attributed to environmental determinants such as diet, lifestyle and antipsychotic drugs, the association between these two disorders was noticed well before the advent of current lifestyles and pharmacological interventions, raising the possibility of a shared genetic basis. Schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes are common diseases with a complex mode of inheritance which includes both genetic factors and environmental determinants. As susceptibility genes for both type 2 diabetes and schizophrenia are beginning to be identified there is increasing interest in the possibility of shared susceptibility loci between the two conditions. This article reviews the genetic basis to schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes and discusses the potential for shared loci between both conditions.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Treatment of Gout Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Muhammad Reagan
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Acute Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Acute Arthritis ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Gout is a heterogeneous, often familial, metabolic disease associated with abnormal deposits of uric acid in tissues and initially characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, usually monoarticular, and later by chronic deforming arthritis. Urate deposition occurs when serum uric acid is saturated (that is, at greater than 6.8 mg/dL [404.5 mcmol/L]). Hyperuricemia is caused by excess or underexcretion of uric acid, sometimes both. The disease is especially common in the Pacific islands, for example, the Philippines and Samoa. Acute gouty arthritis is sudden in onset and often occurs at night. It may develop without a clear precipitating cause or may follow a rapid increase or decrease in serum urate levels. Common precipitants are excess alcohol (especially beer), changes in medications that affect urate metabolism, and, in hospitalized patients, fasting before medical procedures. This literature review presents gout arthritis, symptoms and signs in general to the prognosis of this disease.

Clinical features of gout

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Dalbeth
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Uric Acid Transporters ◽  
Urate Crystals

About 60% of the variance in serum urate levels can be explained by inherited genetic factors, but the extent of the contribution of genetic factors to gout in the presence of hyperuricaemia is not known. Genome-wide association studies in Europeans have identified 28 loci controlling serum urate levels, although the molecular basis of the majority of these genetic associations is currently unknown. The SLC2A9 and ABCG2 renal and gut uric acid transporters have very strong effects on urate levels and the risk of gout. Other uric acid transporters (e.g. SLC22A11/OAT478, SLC22A12/URAT1) and a glycolysis gene (GCKR) are associated with urate levels. Environmental exposures such as sugar-sweetened beverages and alcohol interact with urate-associated genetic variants in an unpredictable fashion. Very little is known about the genetic control of gout in the presence of hyperuricaemia, formation of monosodium urate crystals, and the immune response.

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