Elderly Care Law

2018 ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Richard Biram
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Geriatric Medicine ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Vulnerable Adults

The Royal College of Physicians describes geriatric medicine as a branch of general medicine that is concerned with the clinical, preventative, remedial, and social aspects of illness in older age. The constellation of medical problems encountered by the elderly patient requires a holistic, team-based approach to care, utilizing a process known as the ‘comprehensive geriatric assessment’. This is an evidence-based approach to the assessment and treatment of older adults, which returns more patients to their own homes, and reduces inpatient mortality compared with standard ward care. Legal issues in the care of older adults are essentially the same as in younger adults. However, some areas that feature more frequently in the care of the elderly, which are considered further in this chapter, are age discrimination, elder abuse, safeguarding of vulnerable adults, deprivation of liberty, and the regulations related to driving in the elderly population.

scholarly journals Should the family or the state provide support for the elderly people? Findings from a two-generational Finnish study

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 138-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti O. Tanskanen ◽  
Johanna Kallio ◽  
Mirkka Danielsbacka
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The State ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Opinions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Nationally Representative

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate public opinions towards elderly care. The authors analysed respondents’ opinions towards financial support, practical help and care for elderly people. Design/methodology/approach The authors used nationally representative data collected in Finland in 2012. Respondents represent an older generation (born between 1945 and 1950, n=1,959) and their adult children (born between 1962 and 1993, n=1,652). Findings First, the authors compared the opinions of older and younger Finns but did not find that older adults were more likely than younger adults support the state responsibility, or vice versa. It was also when only actual parent-child dyads (n=779) from same families were included. Next, the authors found that several socioeconomic and family-related variables were associated with public opinions of elderly care in both generations. For instance, in both generations lower-income individuals supported the state’s responsibility more compared to their better-off counterparts. Originality/value The study provides important knowledge on attitudes towards elderly care using unique two-generational data of younger and older adults.

Patterns of Expenditure in Healthcare for Elderly in Shanghai

China Report ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-353
Author(s):  
Zhu Bifan ◽  
Li Fen ◽  
Wang Linan ◽  
Wang Changying ◽  
Jin Chunlin
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pattern Of Care ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
The Status ◽  
Integration Of Services ◽  
Health Accounts ◽  
System Of Health Accounts

This study aims to summarise the characteristics of elderly care system and analyse expenditures of healthcare for the elderly in Shanghai. The authors use medical records of 2015 and health account results of 2014 based on System of Health Accounts 2011 to describe the pattern of care expenditures for elderly. Individuals aged 60 years and above account for 19.5 per cent of Shanghai’s population but utilise 52.2 per cent of all outpatient visits and 45.3 per cent of all hospitalisations. Almost two-thirds of their medical expenditures occur in hospitals and 16 per cent in community health centres, corresponding to the status of resource allocation. The out-of-pocket payment ratio of the elderly is lower than that of the younger adults, which is attributable to the preferential reimbursement polices set by the insurance schemes. The leading causes of expenditures are cardiovascular disease, neoplasms and respiratory diseases. Care for the elderly costs more, and the elderly use more services than other age groups. The article recommends the monitoring of irrational utilisation of services, strengthening of primary level care and integration of services across different facilities to streamline care for elderly in Shanghai.

Biomechanical constraints to stair negotiation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantinos Maganaris ◽  
Vasilios Baltzopoulos ◽  
David Jones ◽  
Irene Di Giulio ◽  
Neil Reeves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
Centre Of Pressure ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Stair Negotiation ◽  
Biomechanical Constraints

This chapter discusses strategies that older and younger people employ to negotiate stairs based on experiments performed on an instrumented staircase in lab environment aiming at identifying ways to reduce stair fall risk for the elderly. Stair negotiation was found to be more demanding for the knee and ankle joint muscles in older than younger adults, with the demand increasing further when the step-rise was higher. During descent of stairs with higher step-rises, older adults shifted the centre of mass (COM) posteriorly, behind the centre of pressure (COP) to prevent forward falling. A decreased step-going resulted in a slower descent of the centre of mass in the older adults and standing on a single leg for longer than younger adults. A greater reliance on the handrails and rotation of the body in the direction of the handrail was also observed when the step-going was decreased during descent, which allowed this task to be performed with better dynamic stability, by maintaining the COM closer to the COP. These findings have important implications for stair design and exercise programs aiming at improving safety on stairs for the elderly.

scholarly journals eHomeSeniors Dataset: An Infrared Thermal Sensor Dataset for Automatic Fall Detection Research

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabián Riquelme ◽  
Cristina Espinoza ◽  
Tomás Rodenas ◽  
Jean-Gabriel Minonzio ◽  
Carla Taramasco
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Fall Detection ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Public Datasets

Automatic fall detection is a very active research area, which has grown explosively since the 2010s, especially focused on elderly care. Rapid detection of falls favors early awareness from the injured person, reducing a series of negative consequences in the health of the elderly. Currently, there are several fall detection systems (FDSs), mostly based on predictive and machine-learning approaches. These algorithms are based on different data sources, such as wearable devices, ambient-based sensors, or vision/camera-based approaches. While wearable devices like inertial measurement units (IMUs) and smartphones entail a dependence on their use, most image-based devices like Kinect sensors generate video recordings, which may affect the privacy of the user. Regardless of the device used, most of these FDSs have been tested only in controlled laboratory environments, and there are still no mass commercial FDS. The latter is partly due to the impossibility of counting, for ethical reasons, with datasets generated by falls of real older adults. All public datasets generated in laboratory are performed by young people, without considering the differences in acceleration and falling features of older adults. Given the above, this article presents the eHomeSeniors dataset, a new public dataset which is innovative in at least three aspects: first, it collects data from two different privacy-friendly infrared thermal sensors; second, it is constructed by two types of volunteers: normal young people (as usual) and performing artists, with the latter group assisted by a physiotherapist to emulate the real fall conditions of older adults; and third, the types of falls selected are the result of a thorough literature review.

scholarly journals Status of the Elderly and Emergence of Old Age Homes in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sunita Menezes ◽  
Tissy Mariam Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Family System ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Care Home ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Meaningful Existence ◽  
Old Age Homes

There has been a rapid ageing of the earth's population and in a few decades, Asia could become the oldest region in the world. In India, due to the reorganization of the family system, the traditional joint family system is on the decline. Due to the emergence of the nuclear family and the high cost of living, family members who previously cared for the elderly need to find employment outside the home. A rapid increase in nuclear families and an exceptional increase in the number of ‘older adults’ in the country have compelled them to live in old age homes. Literature has accentuated the difficulties and apprehensions experienced by older adults during the ageing process and the need for old age homes in order to create an environment that fosters a meaningful existence for them in their twilight years. India's old age homes are trying to uphold the needs, desires and values of older adults. There is a lack of studies that attempt to give older adults a chance to communicate their experiences in a care home. Older adults are an invaluable resource for younger generations and change is needed in society's attitude towards ageing. This review can help psychologists, social workers and caregivers gain insight into the needs of older adults in terms of mental wellbeing, economic and social security and elder abuse and create awareness among the people.   Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 5, Issue-1: 1-4

Frailty, fitness, and the mathematics of deficit accumulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Rockwood ◽  
Arnold Mitnitski
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Geriatric Medicine ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Deficit Accumulation ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Consensus Conferences ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Definition Of

The daily clinical practice of geriatric medicine is a grapple with complexity. The elderly patients who come to geriatricians typically have multiple, interacting, age-related physiological impairments, some of which manifest as medical problems. These interact with various social vulnerability factors to put them at risk, and to define them as being frail. This view of frailty, as a multiple-determined state of vulnerability has broad support, but how best to operationalize frailty is rather more controversial. Some of the proposed operational definitions receive more widespread support than others. In particular, the ‘phenotypic’ definition of frailty used in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) has been endorsed at consensus conferences and employed by several groups. Indeed, it has even been claimed that ‘the terms “frail” and “frailty” should be avoided except when used in the context of a CHS assessment.’

scholarly journals Attitude of Medical Sciences Students toward Older Adults in Iran, 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz ◽  
Fatemeh Mousavi-Shirazi ◽  
Parisa Mollaei ◽  
Ahmad Delbari
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
The Mean

Background: Studies show as people age, demand for health care services rises. One of the most important factors that significantly affect the quality of elderly care is the attitude towards older adults. Objective: The current study aimed to assess the attitude of medical sciences students towards older adults in Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional design study using a multistage proportional random sampling method was employed to obtain a sample of 583 Iranian medical sciences students in 2017. The data were measured using the Kogan's Attitudes Towards Older People Scale (KAOPS). The SPSS 23.0 for Windows (IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0) was used to analyze the data. Results: Out of the 583 respondents, around 44% were female and a little more than one-fourth was medical students. The mean age was 21.98 (SD=3.63) years. The mean score of the attitude towards the elderly was found to be 56.90 (SD=8.04). Aging health students scored a more positive attitude towards elderly people than other medical sciences students. Results of the bivariate analyses revealed that field of study (F (7, 575) = 2.66, P<0.01), participating in gerontology and geriatrics research (t (581) =2.80, p<0.01), and attending in gerontology and geriatrics congress (t (581) =1.96, p<0.05) significantly associated with attitude toward older adults. Conclusions: The findings from the current study show that Iranian medical sciences students have moderate positive attitudes towards older adults and vary by students’ field of study and their research activity in gerontology and geriatrics field. Therefore, effective interventions for enhancing the attitudes of medical sciences students towards older adults should be developed and implemented.

499 DEVELOPING A NOVEL TEACHING PROGRAMME FOR PHYSICIAN ASSOCIATE STUDENTS WITHIN ELDERLY MEDICINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii14-ii18
Author(s):  
S Mottaghi-Taromsari ◽  
L Wileman
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Care ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
First Year ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Teaching Programme ◽  
Clinical Placements ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

Abstract Introduction The Physician Associate course has been running in the North West since 2016. As such, the format and layout of clinical placements for its students are still in their relative infancy. First year students, similar to third year medical students, begin clinical placement after an intensive lecture series at the University. Placements at Wythenshawe hospital typically involved an initial and closing meeting with their supervisor with little teaching activity organised specifically for them. We therefore set out to devise a formal teaching programme within their elderly care attachment to better address their learning needs. Methods We devised a programme for the placement involving a formal induction, orientation and then rotation through different elements of the elderly medicine faculty. The students spent 4 weeks in total in 3 different clinical areas to obtain different experiences. Formal teaching was arranged once per week with a clinician to cover topics relevant to geriatrics and general medicine. Feedback forms were used to assess the students’ views on the quality of the induction and teaching. A pre-placement questionnaire was used at the start to assess understanding of frailty and confidence with assessing falls. This was then repeated at the end of the placement to evaluate progression. Results From the initial pilot involving 3 cohorts (10 students total), 90% of the students rated the placement positively as a learning opportunity with 100% commending the organisation and structure of the programme. 100% of students rated the content and delivery as good for the organised teaching sessions. Understanding of frailty and confidence in assessing falls also saw marked improvements over the course of the placement. Conclusion We have demonstrated how a better structured teaching programme is valued by the physician associate students and will now proceed to develop and expand this model in elderly medicine and beyond.

Elder Mistreatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERRY FULMER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
Elder Mistreatment ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
New Research

Elder mistreatment (EM) is a serious and prevalent syndrome that is estimated to affect between 500,000 to 1.2 million older adults in the United States annually (Pillemer & Finkelhor, 1988). This chapter reviews both the state of the published science and limitations in the knowledge base on the topic. The literature for this review was obtained through computer-assisted searches of PubMed (878 citations), the Cumulative Index of Nursing Research (CINAHL) (593 citations) and Psych-Info databases (443 citations). The search terms used were elder mistreatment, elder neglect, elder abuse, or domestic abuse of the elderly. No limit was placed on the age of publications because of the relative scarcity of research on the subject. Nonnursing articles were included because there are so few nurse researchers addressing this topic. The age limit for subjects in these studies was 65 years and older. Studies were limited to those conducted in the United States, and descriptive studies were included as they form the majority of the research to date. Findings indicate that frail, very old (over 75 years), older adults who have a diagnosis of depression or dementia are more likely to be mistreated (Dyer, Pavlik, Murphy, & Hyman, 2000; Coyne, Reichman, & Berbig, 1993; Fulmer & Gurland, 1996; Lachs & Pillemer, 1995; Lachs et al., 1997; Lachs, Williams, O’Brien, Pillemer, & Charlson, 1998; Lachs & Fulmer, 1993; Lachs, Berkman, Fulmer, & Horwitz, 1994). Those older adults who required assistance with activities of daily living had poor social networks and were at higher risk for EM (Lachs & Pillemer, 1995; Lachs et al., 1997; Lachs et al., 1998; Lachs & Fulmer, 1993; Lachs et al., 1994). Neglect, as a subcategory of EM, accounts for the majority of cases (Fulmer, Paveza, Abraham, & Fairchild, 2000; Pavlik, Hyman, Festa, & Bitondo Dyer, 2001; Fulmer & Gurland, 1996). There is still debate regarding the role of minority status, abuse in childhood, and the persons most likely to mistreat older adults. There is a critical need for replication studies and new research on this important topic. Problems with measurement, funding challenges, and the paucity of investigators conducting research on EM have left the field with several unanswered questions and some conflicting findings. This chapter summarizes the interdisciplinary literature and makes recommendations for future nursing research programs.

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