Breastfeeding

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Medforth ◽  
Linda Ball ◽  
Angela Walker ◽  
Sue Battersby ◽  
Sarah Stables
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Insufficient Milk

This chapter considers all aspects of breastfeeding. The latest Baby Friendly Initiative standards are detailed, along with the advantages of, and contraindications to, breastfeeding. The constituents of breast milk and their role in infant nutrition are identified. Recently recognized changes in the structure of the lactating breasts are presented. There are detailed sections on the management and support of breastfeeding. Practices shown to be detrimental to successful breastfeeding are highlighted. Expression of breast milk and breastfeeding and returning to work are fully explained, as well as discontinuation of breastfeeding. Common problems encountered whilst breastfeeding are considered, including sore/cracked nipples, engorgement, blocked ducts, mastitis, breast refusal, insufficient milk supply, and Candida infection (thrush). Breastfeeding in special situations is also explored. The importance of correct nutrition and breastfeeding is reviewed.

scholarly journals What Evidence Do We Have for Pharmaceutical Galactagogues in the Treatment of Lactation Insufficiency?—A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke E. Grzeskowiak ◽  
Mary E. Wlodek ◽  
Donna T. Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Insufficient Milk

Inadequate breast milk supply is a frequently reported reason for early discontinuation of breastfeeding and represents a critical opportunity for intervening to improve breastfeeding outcomes. For women who continue to experience insufficient milk supply despite the utilisation of non-pharmacological lactation support strategies, pharmacological intervention with medications used to augment lactation, commonly referred to as galactagogues, is common. Galactagogues exert their pharmacological effects through altering the complex hormonal milieu regulating lactation, particularly prolactin and oxytocin. This narrative review provides an appraisal of the existing evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical treatments for lactation insufficiency to guide their use in clinical practice. The greatest body of evidence surrounds the use of domperidone, with studies demonstrating moderate short-term improvements in breast milk supply. Evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of metoclopramide is less robust, but given that it shares the same mechanism of action as domperidone it may represent a potential treatment alternative where domperidone is unsuitable. Data on remaining interventions such as oxytocin, prolactin and metformin is too limited to support their use in clinical practice. The review provides an overview of key evidence gaps and areas of future research, including the impacts of pharmaceutical galactagogues on breast milk composition and understanding factors contributing to individual treatment response to pharmaceutical galactagogues.

scholarly journals Counseling of exclusive breastfeeding during antenatal care (ANC) and perceptions of insufficient milk supply

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Eka Nurhayati ◽  
Sandra Fikawati
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extra Food ◽  
Breastfeeding Counseling ◽  
Insufficient Milk

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Latar Belakang:</em></strong><em> Persepsi Ketidakcukupan ASI (PKA) adalah pikiran atau perasaan ibu terhadap kondisi ketiadaan atau berkurangnya produksi ASI sehingga ibu merasa bahwa ASI-nya tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bayinya. PKA menjadi alasan utama ibu berhenti menyusui secara dini dan alasan untuk memberikan makanan tambahan lebih awal pada bayinya. Prevalensi PKA belum diketahui secara pasti, diperkirakan antara 30-80% dari ibu yang menyusui mempunyai PKA. </em></p><p><strong><em>Tujuan :</em></strong><em> untuk mengetahui faktor paling dominan dalam PKA.<strong></strong></em></p><p><strong><em>Metode:</em></strong><em> Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Cross Sectional. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 71 sampel ibu yang memiliki bayi 0-6 bulan yang gagal menyusui secara eksklusif dikarenakan mengalami PKA. </em></p><p><strong><em>Hasil:</em></strong><em> Hasil analisis didapatkan sebanyak 59 (83,1%) ibu memiliki PKA dengan ASI yang cukup. Ada hubungan yang bermakna konseling ASI saat Antenatal Care (ANC) dengan PKA yang mempunyai ASI cukup, ibu yang tidak mendapatkan konseling saat ANC berpeluang 19,7 kali mempunyai PKA, p=0,012; OR=19,746 (CI 95% 1,926-202,456). </em></p><p><strong><em>Kesimpulan:</em></strong><em>  Konseling ASI pada saat ANC yang berkualitas merupakan hal yang sangat penting dilaksanakan oleh petugas kesehatan untuk persiapan menyusui. Pemanfaatan “Temu wicara” dalam konsep 10 T dalam ANC perlu diefektifkan untuk membahas persiapan laktasi. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>KATA KUNCI: </em></strong><em>persepsi ketidakcukupan ASI, konseling ASI <strong></strong></em></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> Perceptions of Insufficient Milk Supply (PIM) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about the condition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milk is not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PIM was the main reason mothers stop breastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PIM is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers has PIM.       </em></p><p><strong><em>Objectives:</em></strong><em> This study aimed to find out the most dominant factors related to PIM.</em></p><p><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong><em> Design of this study using cross-sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples of mothers with babies’ 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencing PIM. </em></p><p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong><em> Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PIM with enough milk. There is a significant correlation counseling exclusive breastfeeding during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PIM that has enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PIM, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456). </em></p><p><strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong><em> Exclusive Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality does health personnel in preparation for breastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of “Gathering of speech” in the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>KEYWORDS</em></strong><em>: exclusive breastfeeding, perceptions of insufficient milk supply</em></p>

scholarly journals Breast milk zinc and copper concentrations in Bangladesh

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dkaren SIMMER ◽  
Shameen Ahmed ◽  
Linda Carlsson ◽  
R. P. H. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Breast Fed

Breast-fed infants in Bangladeshi villages were weighed at 1, 2, 6, 9 and 12 months. The concentrations of zinc and copper in the breast milk were measured and the daily intake of these elements calculated. Breast milk Zn concentration decreased over the year but was comparable with that found in developed countries. The calculated daily intake decreased from 17·7 to 8·0 μmol (10–30% of recommended dietary allowances (RDA); National Academy of Sciences, 1980). Breast milk Cu concentration also fell over the year and was lower than that reported from developed countries. Calculated daily Cu intake was 1·95–2·63 μmol (RDA 7·81–15·63 μmol). Deficiencies of trace elements may therefore be a problem in poorly nourished communities where breast feeding is continued for several years with only small amounts of additional food. Breast milk may not be adequate as the only source of infant nutrition after the first few months of life in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Breastfeeding Practices and Infant Feeding Pattern among Mothers in Mauritius

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashmika Motee ◽  
Deerajen Ramasawmy ◽  
Prity Pugo-Gunsam ◽  
Rajesh Jeewon
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Childhood Morbidity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type Of Delivery

Proper breastfeeding practices are effective ways for reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. While many mothers understand the importance of breastfeeding, others are less knowledgeable on the benefits of breastfeeding and weaning. The aim in here is to assess breastfeeding pattern, infant formula feeding pattern, and weaning introduction in Mauritius and to investigate the factors that influence infant nutrition. 500 mothers were interviewed using a questionnaire which was designed to elicit information on infant feeding practices. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS (version 13.0), whereby chi-square tests were used to evaluate relationships between different selected variables. The prevalence of breastfeeding practice in Mauritius has risen from 72% in 1991 to 93.4% as found in this study, while only 17.9% breastfed their children exclusively for the first 6 months, and the mean duration of EBF (exclusive breastfeeding) is 2.10 months. Complementary feeding was more commonly initiated around 4–6 months (75.2%). Despite the fact that 60.6% of mothers initiate breastfeeding and 26.1% of mothers are found to breastfeed up to 2 years, the practice of EBF for the first 6 months is low (17.9%). Factors found to influence infant feeding practices are type of delivery, parity, alcohol consumption, occupation, education, and breast problems.

scholarly journals The enablers and barriers to continue breast milk feeding in women returning to work

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaharah Sulaiman ◽  
Pranee Liamputtong ◽  
Lisa H. Amir
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Milk Feeding

scholarly journals BREASTFEEDING EXPERIENCES OF WORKING MOTHERS IN VIETNAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Truong Xuan ◽  
Nhan Thi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Working Mothers ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Need For Support ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: World Health Organization recommends mothers all over the world should continue breastfeeding up to the age of two years or beyond to achieve optimal health, growth and development for their infants. However, the breastfeeding practices among working mothers have been decreased by the time passed.Objective: to describe the breastfeeding experiences of mothers who returned to work after childbirth.Methods: This study was utilized a qualitative design. Purposive sampling was used to recruit the participant who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected from 10 semi-structured in-depth interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The interview transcriptions were analyzed by using the qualitative content analysis approach.Results: The breastfeeding period of 10 working mothers ranging from 7 to 15 months. Five categories emerged from the data were: 1) Attitude towards breastfeeding, 2) Breastfeeding support during working, 3) Strategic plan for breastfeeding, 4) Psychological distress, and 5) A need for support facilities and resources for breastfeeding during working.Conclusion: This research provided a better understanding of breastfeeding experiences of working mothers in Vietnam. The findings can help nurses and other healthcare professionals in providing anticipatory guidance to mothers who plan to continue breastfeeding after returning to work.

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