Developmental biodynamics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Functional Ability ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
System Components ◽  
Abnormal Individual ◽  
The Individual

From a dynamical systems perspective, coordination of human movement emerges from the intrinsic self-organizing properties of the dynamical system consisting of the individual, the task, and the environment. The movement pattern that emerges depends upon the state of the system components which impose constraints on the types of movement that may emerge. These constraints arise from the anthropometry and functional ability of the individual (individual constraints), the requirements of the task (task constraints), and the prevailing environmental conditions (environmental constraints). Abnormal movement due to cerebral palsy, disease, or injury is likely to be due to abnormal individual constraints in the form of abnormal energy resources. Therapy directed at normalizing the abnormal energy resources is likely to be more effective than therapy directed at normalizing the abnormal kinematics.

Geographical aspects of the diffusion of passive houses

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kozma ◽  
E. Molnár ◽  
K. Czimre ◽  
J. Pénzes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Passive House ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Passive Houses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract In our days, energy issues belong to the most important problems facing the Earth and the solution may be expected partly from decreasing the amount of the energy used and partly from the increased utilisation of renewable energy resources. A substantial part of energy consumption is related to buildings and includes, inter alia, the use for cooling/heating, lighting and cooking purposes. In the view of the above, special attention has been paid to minimising the energy consumption of buildings since the late 1980s. Within the framework of that, the passive house was created, a building in which the thermal comfort can be achieved solely by postheating or postcooling of the fresh air mass without a need for recirculated air. The aim of the paper is to study the changes in the construction of passive houses over time. In addition, the differences between the geographical locations and the observable peculiarities with regard to the individual building types are also presented.

scholarly journals Scalable Multiport Converter Structure for Easy Grid Integration of Alternate Energy Sources for Generation of Isolated Voltage Sources for MMC

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1779
Author(s):  
Syed Rahman ◽  
Irfan Khan ◽  
Khaliqur Rahman ◽  
Sattam Al Otaibi ◽  
Hend I. Alkhammash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Multiport Converter ◽  
Detailed Simulation ◽  
The Individual

This paper presents a novel, scalable, and modular multiport power electronic topology for the integration of multiple resources. This converter is not only scalable in terms of the integration of multiple renewable energy resources (RES) and storage devices (SDs) but is also scalable in terms of output ports. Multiple dc outputs of a converter are designed to serve as input to the stacking modules (SMs) of the modular multilevel converter (MMC). The proposed multiport converter is bidirectional in nature and superior in terms of functionality in a way that a modular universal converter is responsible for the integration of multiple RES/SDs and regulates multiple dc output ports for SMs of MMC. All input ports can be easily integrated (and controlled), and output ports also can be controlled independently in response to any load variations. An isolated active half-bridge converter with multiple secondaries acts as a central hub for power processing with multiple renewable energy resources that are integrated at the primary side. To verify the proposed converter, a detailed design of the converter-based system is presented along with the proposed control algorithm for managing power on the individual component level. Additionally, different modes of power management (emulating the availability/variability of renewable energy sources (RES)) are exhibited and analyzed here. Finally, detailed simulation results are presented in detail for the validation of the proposed concepts and design process.

Movement Models from Sports Provide Representative Task Constraints for Studying Adaptive Behavior in Human Movement Systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Davids ◽  
Chris Button ◽  
Duarte Araújo ◽  
Ian Renshaw ◽  
Robert Hristovski
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
Movement Models ◽  
Representative Task

scholarly journals GUIDING FUTURE RESEARCH ON THE VALORISATION OF SHREDDER FINE RESIDUES: A REVIEW OF FOUR DECADES OF RESEARCH

Detritus ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 150-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharaka Gunaratne ◽  
Joakim Krook ◽  
Mats Eklund ◽  
Hans Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Process Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Material Characterisation ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Substitute Material ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Contamination Problem

Millions of tonnes of shredder fines are generated and disposed of globally, despite compelling reasons for its recovery. The absence of a review of previous literature, however, makes it difficult to understand the underlying reasons for this. Thus, this study attempts to investigate and assess what, to what extent, and in what ways shredder fines have been addressed in previous research. In doing so, guidelines are drawn for future research to facilitate the valorisation (upgrading and recovery) of shredder fines. Previous research concerning shredder fines was identified with respect to three main research topics. The material characterisation studies are predominantly confined to the occurrence of metals due to their recovery and contamination potential. The process development studies have often undertaken narrowly conceived objectives of addressing one resource opportunity or contamination problem at a time. Consequently, the full recovery (the retrieval of valuable resources and the bulk-utilisation as substitute material) potential of shredder fines has been largely overlooked. The main limitation of policy and regulation studies is the absence of in-depth knowledge on the implications of governmental waste- and resource-policies (macro-level) on actors’ incentives and capacities (micro-level) for fines valorisation, which is necessary to understand the marketability of fines-derived resources. Undertaking a systems perspective is the key to recognising not only the different aspects within the individual research topics but also the inter-relations between them. It also facilitates the internalisation of the inter-relations into topical research.

scholarly journals Model-based integration of constrained search spaces into distributed planning of active power provision

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1823-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Bremer ◽  
Michael Sonnenschein
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Feasible Region ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Energy Unit ◽  
Distributed Planning ◽  
Search Spaces ◽  
The Individual

The current upheaval in the electricity sector demands distributed generation schemes that take into account individually configured energy units and new grid structures. At the same time, this change is heading for a paradigm shift in controlling these energy resources within the grid. Pro-active scheduling of active power within a (from a controlling perspective) loosely coupled group of distributed energy resources demands for distributed planning and optimization methods that take into account the individual feasible region in local search spaces modeled by surrogate models. We propose a method that uses support vector based black-box models for re-constructing feasible regions for automated, local solution repair during scheduling and combine it with a distributed greedy approach for finding an appropriate partition of a desired target schedule into operable schedules for each participating energy unit.

What is the Biomechanical Principle of Forehand Smash in Badminton? - Article Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
Gilang Estina Putra ◽  
Ria Lumintuarso
Keyword(s):  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Good Movement

SummaryThe pattern of human movement is strongly influenced by biomotor conditions, age development will affect the level of biomotor maturity. Forehand smash is one of the techniques that every badminton athlete must master well. To do this stroke well, a good movement pattern is needed, biomotor maturity which in this study is related to the age of the athlete. So that the development of age will cause differences in movement patterns which in this study analyzes the forehand smash movement patterns in badminton based on age. It is known that the most efficient badminton technique for gaining points in badminton is the smash. The smash-hit is more likely to produce a fast shuttle lock rate performed using the forehand smash technique. So that in this study the writer will analyze a technique in badminton, namely the forehand smash technique. These findings contribute to future research on the biomechanical analysis of forehand smash motion in badminton.

Optimal Variability and Complexity

2013 ◽  
pp. 328-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua L Haworth ◽  
Srikant Vallabhajosula ◽  
George Tzetzis ◽  
Nicholas Stergiou
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Discovery Learning ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Discovery ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Management Staff

Management seeks to provoke system optimization throughout ever changing environmental and internal conditions. Typically, perturbations to stable organizations are unpredictable and difficult to define, except from within a chaos perspective. How should management staff set up their workforce to be best responsive to these changes? It is proposed that a dynamic systems theoretical approach to the organization of the management system would foster the ideal scenario. This approach lends well to the inclusion of discovery learning strategies that promote the valuable use of optimal variability in the exploration and self-discovery of optimal solutions to existent and novel problems. In this text, the authors walk the reader through a brief history of the development of the systems perspective on human movement optimization. Next, they extend the related discoveries to applications within management systems. It is hoped that a new appreciation for complexity and beneficial aspects of variability is conveyed.

scholarly journals Understanding key constraints and practice design in Rugby Union place kicking: Experiential knowledge of professional kickers and experienced coaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 631-641
Author(s):  
Chris Pocock ◽  
Neil E Bezodis ◽  
Keith Davids ◽  
Ross Wadey ◽  
Jamie S North
Keyword(s):  
Sport Performance ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Experiential Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Competitive Performance ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Simulated Game ◽  
Kicking Performance

Place kicks present valuable opportunities to score points in Rugby Union, which are typically performed under varying constraints in competitive performance environments. Previous quantitative studies suggest these interacting constraints can influence fluctuations in place kick success. To further the understanding of how fluctuations in place kicking success emerge, our aim was twofold: i) to explore and identify the key constraints that professional place kickers and experienced place kicking coaches perceive to influence the difficulty of a place kick and ii) to understand the level to which current place kicking practice environments represent these key constraints experienced in performance environments. Six professional place kickers and six experienced place kicking coaches were interviewed. Using a deductive thematic analysis, 11 key constraints were identified: individual constraints of expectation for success and fatigue, task constraints of angle and distance to goalposts, environmental constraints of wind, weather, pitch, and crowd, and situational constraints of previous kicking performance, time remaining and current score margin. Place kicking is typically practised individually or with a small number of place kickers in isolation from team sessions. Where possible, coaches should be encouraged to include place kicking in simulated game scenarios during practice to represent key constraints from performance environments. Our study demonstrates how experiential knowledge can enrich the understanding of sport performance and inform the design of practice environments which simulate relevant constraints of competitive performance to enhance skill adaptation of athletes.

scholarly journals Development and Implementation of an End-Effector Upper Limb Rehabilitation Robot for Hemiplegic Patients with Line and Circle Tracking Training

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Liu ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
Linhong Ji ◽  
Sheng Bi ◽  
Xuemin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Rehabilitation Robot ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Upper Limb Rehabilitation ◽  
Limb Rehabilitation

Numerous robots have been widely used to deliver rehabilitative training for hemiplegic patients to improve their functional ability. Because of the complexity and diversity of upper limb motion, customization of training patterns is one key factor during upper limb rehabilitation training. Most of the current rehabilitation robots cannot intelligently provide adaptive training parameters, and they have not been widely used in clinical rehabilitation. This article proposes a new end-effector upper limb rehabilitation robot, which is a two-link robotic arm with two active degrees of freedom. This work investigated the kinematics and dynamics of the robot system, the control system, and the realization of different rehabilitation therapies. We also explored the influence of constraint in rehabilitation therapies on interaction force and muscle activation. The deviation of the trajectory of the end effector and the required trajectory was less than 1 mm during the tasks, which demonstrated the movement accuracy of the robot. Besides, results also demonstrated the constraint exerted by the robot provided benefits for hemiplegic patients by changing muscle activation in the way similar to the movement pattern of the healthy subjects, which indicated that the robot can improve the patient’s functional ability by training the normal movement pattern.

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