Formula and complementary feeding

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Puntis
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
International Variation ◽  
Simple Rules ◽  
Nutritional Needs

Some mothers are unable, or choose not, to breastfeed; bottle-feeding carries certain risks that can be minimized by following simple rules. Formula must satisfy all the nutritional needs of an infant and recommendations for the composition of infant formula have been adopted in the Codex Alimentarius. The two main types of formula differ in protein composition (whey or casein predominant). Follow-on formula are designed for infants from 6–12 months of age. Soy protein is an alternative to cow milk protein, but because of its high phytoestrogen content, should not be used before 6 months. Unmodified cow’s milk as the main drink before 12 months of age is associated with iron deficiency. ‘Complementary feeding’ embraces all solid and liquid feeds other than breast milk and infant formula. There is considerable international variation in practice with regard to introduction of complementary feeds, but in general this should not be before 17 weeks, and not after 26 weeks.

scholarly journals Composition of major proteins in cow milk differing in mean protein concentration during the first 155 days of lactation and the influence of season as well as short-term restricted feeding in early and mid-lactation

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gellrich ◽  
H.H.D. Meyer ◽  
S. Wiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Beta Lactoglobulin ◽  
Alpha Lactalbumin

A variety of proteins contributes greatly to the unique nutritional and functional quality of dairy cow milk. Particularly, milk casein content and composition have substantial influence on the processing capabilities. In the present study, milk of 23 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows, grouped as high- (3.49 ± 0.05%; n = 11) and low-protein (3.03 ± 0.05%; n = 12) cows, was sampled approximately weekly during the first 155 days of lactation to determine the course of relative milk protein composition (α-lactalbumin; β-lactoglobulin; α-, β-, and κ-casein). Furthermore, feed restrictions by 30% of dry matter intake in early and mid-lactation as well as experimental tissue biopsies were conducted to observe their effect on milk protein composition. Milk protein composition was relatively stable and displayed similar concentration patterns throughout the experimental period between both groups. Mean relative concentrations of α-, β-, κ-casein, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin were 34.2, 31.4, 16.0, 2.1, and 9.7% of total protein, respectively. Feed restrictions did not alter milk protein composition, whereas the season influenced α- and β-casein as well as α-lactalbumin. Further, effects were observed in both groups at times of unfamiliar stressful situations caused by taking liver or muscle biopsies. As a result, the relative concentration of β-casein increased. Therefore, acute stress factors may lead to a deviation in milk protein composition and should be avoided.  

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practices about complementary feeding among mothers of children aged 6 to 24 months in tertiary care centre of Kumaun region, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2142
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chand ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Nutan Singh ◽  
Soniya Vishwakarma
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nutritional Needs

Background: Well-being of child is directly related to the nutritional status of the baby. Malnutrition rate increases between 6 and 18 months- the period of complementary feeding. Complementary feeding is the introduction of semisolid or solid food in infant who is on breast feeding, when mother’s milk is no longer enough to meet the nutritional needs. Understanding the social beliefs, knowledge, attitude and practices about complementary feeding among mothers is an important step prior to designing an intervention strategy to prevent malnutrition in children. Aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding complementary feeding among mothers.Methods: Prospective study including 200 mothers with children between 6 to 24 months of age in GMC Haldwani, from December 2017 to May 2018.Results: Present study shows 60.5% mothers initiate their breast milk soon after delivery. The initiation of complementary food at the age of 8 months, 6 month and 4-5 months were 64 (32%), 104(52%) and 32 (16%) respectively. 68% mothers did not properly clean their children hands and utensils before feeding Use of janam ghutti 64% and dilution of cow milk 79% was the major part of complementary feeding.Conclusions: Mother’s knowledge regarding timing of complementary feeding is inadequate and practices are inappropriate. Majority of them are not aware of the current recommendations. It is essential to give accurate information and education about complementary feeding to prevent malnutrition and improve the health status of children.

0705 Effect of milk protein composition on in vivo gastric digestion of a model infant formula

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 337-338
Author(s):  
N. Rafiee Tari ◽  
M. Z. Fan ◽  
M. Corredig
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Gastric Digestion

scholarly journals Soy isolate protein formula: challenge and benefit to support child’s growth and development

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Saptawati Bardosono
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Soy Isolate

The quality of protein and amino acids of soya is being used as soy protein-based formulas in infant feeding to provide nutrition for normal growth and development. There are few indications for their use in place of cow milk-based formula, although it has no advantage over cow milk protein based formula beyond those indications.

scholarly journals Sensitization to food allergens in vegetarian children

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
D. S. Yasakov ◽  
S. G. Makarova ◽  
M. A. Snovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Soy Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin

Objective. The objective is to analyze the features of sensitization to food allergens in vegetarian children.Methods: 210 children aged from 3 months to 17 years and 11 months old: vegetarians with at least 6 months vegetarian experience (n = 129) and children receiving a traditional diet (n = 81) were examined. The level of specific immunoglobulin E of blood serum to cow milk protein, soy, beef, pork, chicken, fish (cod), egg white and wheat was determined.Results: The rate of sensitization to food allergen in vegetarian children did not statistically differ from that of a comparison group (18.6 against 17.3 %, p>0.05). The correlation analysis showed a slight association between vegetarian diet and the level of specific immunoglobulin E only for soy protein (r = 0.22, p<0.05).Conclusions: The obtained results speak of higher risk of sensitization to soy in vegetarian children.

scholarly journals Effect of milk protein composition of a model infant formula on the physicochemical properties of in vivo gastric digestates

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 2851-2861 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rafiee Tari ◽  
M.Z. Fan ◽  
T. Archbold ◽  
E. Kristo ◽  
A. Guri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Composition

scholarly journals Benefit and Challenge of Soy Plant-based Formula in Infant and Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yvan Vandenplas ◽  
Badriul Hegar
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Soy Protein Isolate ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
European Directives ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
The 1960S

The first report of soy being administered to an infant is over 100 years old (1).  Since the 1960s the composition of soy formula has been better adapted to the nutritional needs of infants and since 2000 infant formula based on soy fulfills European Directives and legislation for infant feeding.Soy infant formula contains a soy protein isolate (95% protein), and methionine, carnitine, taurine, iron, calcium phosphor and zinc are added. Heating destroys the anti-protease activity of soy for over 90 %. In 2016, soy infant formula was still 12% of the USA market and 25 % of infants were fed soy infant formula during their first years of life (2).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document