The mouth

2021 ◽  
pp. 397-434
Author(s):  
Daniel R. van Gijn ◽  
Jonathan Dunne

The mouth is the common aperture to the aerodigestive tract. With the coordinated assistance of the tongue and lips it contributes to the formation of meaningful sound whilst the presence of intact dental arches allow for mastication. The oral cavity proper represents the atrium beyond the lips reaching to the palatoglossal arches posteriorly, where the oropharynx begins beyond the oropharnygeal isthmus. It is restricted by the cheeks laterally, the hard and soft palate superiorly and the mobile tongue resting on the mylohyoid muscle inferiorly. The paired major salivary glands drain into the oral cavity along with numerous minor salivary glands. The tongue is a thick, mucosa covered muscular structure concerned with mastication, taste, talking and swallowing. The palate is the roof of the mouth, separating the oral and nasal cavities and participating in speech and swallowing. It can be divided into two parts: a bony anterior hard palate and soft posterior palate.

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
Mohd Athar ◽  
K S Sodhi ◽  
S Kala ◽  
R K Maurya ◽  
S Chauhan ◽  
...  

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a relatively uncommon tumour of salivary, glands and is characterised by a prolonged clinical course and a fatal outcome. It was first described as `cylindroma' by Billroth in 1859. Half of these tumors occur in glandular tissues other than the major salivary glands; principally in the hard palate, but they can also arise in the tongue and minor salivary glands. Unusual locations include the external auditory canal, nasopharynx, lacrimal glands, breast, vulva, esophagus, cervix and Cowper glands. The long natural history of this tumor and its tendency for local recurrence are well known. JMS 2012;15(1):76-77.


There are three main pairs of major salivary glands in the head and neck, namely the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands. In addition to these major glands there are numerous minor salivary glands distributed throughout the oral cavity. These minor salivary glands are situated in the adnexal layer of the oral mucosa. This chapter covers the relevant anatomy, physiology, taking a history, clinical examination, and investigations. It then goes on to discuss xerostomia, Sjögren’s syndrome, diffuse and localized gland swelling, sialolithiasis, ranula, and disorders of the minor salivary glands.


2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Swain ◽  
Mahesh Chandra Sahu ◽  
Rajashree Tripathy

ABSTRACT Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign tumor of the salivary glands and has both epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. It most commonly arises from the parotid or submandibular glands. Rarely, it arises from the minor salivary glands. We report here a case of pleomorphic adenoma arising from the soft palate and both sides of anterior tonsillar pillars in a 75-year-old man. This patient was presenting painless slow growing large swelling in the soft palate over 20 years causing mechanical obstruction of airway and food. The entire tumor mass was excised along with overlying mucosa. How to cite this article Swain SK, Sahu MC, Tripathy R. A Giant Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Palatine Arch in a 75-Year-Old Man: A Case Report with Review of Literature. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):23-25.


1999 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jassar ◽  
N. D. Stafford ◽  
A. W. MacDonald

AbstractPleomorphic adenoma is the commonest benign tumour of the major salivary glands. It can also occur in minor salivary glands, mainly in the oral cavity, but also in other sites in the head and neck both within and outwith the upper aerodigestive tract. We present a rare case of pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal septum with consideration of the clinical management and a review of the literature.


1996 ◽  
Vol 110 (7) ◽  
pp. 700-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. de Diego ◽  
R. Bernaldez ◽  
M. P. Prim ◽  
D. Hardisson

AbstractPrimary adenocarcinomas of the oral cavity in minor salivary glands are distinctive lesions which can be subclassified according to their growth patterns or histomorphology. Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) of minor salivary tissue has been recognized as a distinct entity. We report an unusual case of PLGA of the tongue. Only a few previous cases have been reported in the English literature. The treatment is discussed and a review of the current literature concerning this tumour is included.


Author(s):  
Ye.S. Khilinich ◽  
V.Yu. Davydenko

Some reports state that the morphology, histochemistry and innervation of mucous membrane in rats are quite similar to that in humans. Most experimental studies on the impact of certain factors on the human body involve laboratory animals, rats in particular. In our previous experimental studies we used rats to study the effect of acrylic monomer on salivary glands in order to further extrapolate data to the morphological features of minor salivary glands of rats and humans. This study was aimed at investigating morphology of glandular area of the hard palate mucosa of intact albino rats with subsequent extrapolation of the results obtained to human body. The experimental studies were conducted on adult Wistar rats aged 1 to 1.5 years. The light microscopy (slight magnification) of transverse sections of the hard palate mucosa samples of albino rats revealed the mucous membrane and well-developed submucous layer with numerous minor salivary glands within its structure. The findings confirm the similarity between the structure of minor salivary glands of rats and humans that supports the rational choice of experimental animals for subsequent extrapolation of the resulting data.


Author(s):  
Prakash Mylanahalli Doddrangaiah ◽  
Bharath Kanna Karunakaran ◽  
Roopa S. Mallali ◽  
Afshan Fathima

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumour originating from minor salivary glands. It is known for perineural spread, local recurrences and distant metastasis. The minor salivary gland tumour represents 3% of all head and neck neoplasms, whereas ACC constitutes about 0.5% of all malignant salivary gland neoplasms. This study was done to evaluate the clinical presentation and histopathological findings of minor salivary gland tumour.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was done in the department of ENT, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute from May 2017 to July 2019. Of the 25 patients with minor salivary gland tumour, 10 patients with ACC were considered for the present study. A detailed clinical and histopathological evaluation was done. Results were documented and tabulated in excel sheet.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> We analysed data of 25 (16 female, 9 male) patients in the age group of 30-60 years, of which 10 patients had adenoid cystic carcinoma of minor salivary gland tumour. The most frequent site of tumour occurrence was noted in the hard palate (6 patients), followed by retromolar trigone (2 patients), floor of mouth (1 patient) and tongue (1 patient). The histopathological pattern noted most commonly in our study: cribriform pattern (6 cases), tubular (1 case) and solid (3 cases).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> ACC of minor salivary glands is rare. The otorhinolaryngologist should bear this clinical entity in mind when encountered with a painless swelling over the hard palate. This would lead to an early diagnosis and prompt management in such patients.</p>


2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Fahmi Yunisa ◽  
Murti Indrastuti ◽  
Suparyono Saleh

Latar Belakang. Tindakan pembedahan pada pasien dengan kanker rongga mulut dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya defek di area intra oral dan maksillofasial. Defek tersebut dapat mengakibatkan terganggunya fungsi normal rongga mulut, yaitu mengunyah, bicara dan estetis, serta mengurangi rasa percaya diri. Untuk megatasinya diperlukan rehabilitasi fungsi rongga mulut berupa pembuatan obturator. Tujuan. Rehabilitasi defek pasca bedah pada pasien karsinoma sel skuamosa yang melibatkan palatum keras, sebagian palatum lunak, rongga hidung dan sinus maksilaris. Laporan Kasus dan Penatalaksanaan. Seorang pasien laki-laki, usia 74 tahun, datang ke klinik prostodonsia RSGM UGM, atas rujukan dari RSUP Dr Sardjito Yogyakarta, untuk dibuatkan hidung dan penutup untuk langit-langit mulutnya yang terbuka. Pasien merasa malu karena kondisi hidungnya yang hilang dan terbuka, serta susah untuk menelan makanan dan jika berbicara kurang jelas karena langit-langit mulutnya juga hilang/terbuka. Pasien telah menjalani operasi pembedahan hidung dan palatum, karena terdiagnosa karsinoma sel skuamosa. Pemeriksaan obyektif menunjukkan terdapat defek yang cukuo besar pada rongga hidung dan palatum durum dan sebagian palatum molle. Gigi yang tersisa pada rahang atas hanya gigi 23. Perawatan yang dilakukan adalah dengan pembuatan protesa hidung dan obturator. Obturator dibuat dari bahan resin akrilik dengan klamer C pada gigi 23. Untk menambah kekuatan retensi maka ditambahkan magnet di fitting surface obturator yang dilekatkan dengan protesa hidung. Kontrol dilakukan 1 bulan kemudian. Pasien merasa nyaman menggunakan obturator dengan penguat magnet pada protesa hidung. Pasien bisa menelan makanan dan bicaranyapun sudah lebih jelas. Pasien juga merasa obturatornya tidak mudah lepas, ketika menelan makanan maupun saat berbicara. Kesimpulan. Penggunaan obturator dengan magnet dapat mengembalikan fungsi normal rongga mulut akibat defek pasca bedah, serta mengembalikan rasa percaya diri pasien. Background. Surgery in patients with cancer of the oral cavity can result in defects in the area of intra-oral and maxillofacial. Defects can lead to discruption of the normal functions of the oral cavity, ie chewing, talking and aesthetic, as well as reducing confidence. In order to fix the function, the patient needed rehabilitation of oral function such as the manufacture of the obturator. Objective. Postoperative rehabilitation defects in patients with squamous cell carcinoma involving the hard palate, part soft palate, nasal cavity and the maxillary sinus. Case Report and Management. A male patient, aged 74, came to the clinic of prosthodontics Gadjah Mada University Dental Hospital, upon referral from the Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. He wanted to make the nose and the cover for his open mouth roof. He feels embarrassed because of the condition of his nose was missing and open, as well as difficult to swallow food and if he talk was less obvious because of the condition of his nose was missing and open, as well as difficult to swallow food and if he talk was less obvious because the roof of his mouth is also missing/open. He had undergone nose and palate surgery, as diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma. The objective examination shows that there substantial defects in the nasal cavity and hard palate and part of the soft palate. The remaining teeth in the upper jaw only element 23. The treatment that performed in this patient was making the nose and obturator prosthesis. Obturator is made of acrylic resin with C clamer on teeth 23. In order to add strength retention, there was addition of magnet on the obturator fitting surface that attached to the nose prosthesis. The control performed one month later. Patient feels comfortable using the obturator prosthesis with magnetic on nose prosthesis. He can already swallow food again and the talk has been clearer. He also feels comfort since the obturator was not easily escape, while swallowing food or speaking. Conclusion. The use of the obturator with magnets can restore the normal function of the oral cavity caused by post-surgical defect and restore the confidence of the patient.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Doni MS. Prabowo ◽  
Haris B. Widodo

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe and analyse nicotine stomatitis in smokers. Of the world population that consumes tobacco, Asia and Australia make up 57% of tobacco consumers. Tobacco can be consumed by various ways such as smoked tobacco, commonly known as cigarettes, or smokeless tobacco. Cigarettes are known to cause nicotine stomatitis in the oral cavity.Methods: A 28-year-old man patient came with complaints of white spots on his hard palate. The patient has a medical history of asthma as a child and has been taking salbutamol. The patient has been smoking 3 packs of cigarettes a day since being 16 years old.Results: Nicotine stomatitis that occurs on the hard palate appears as circular reddish shapes on the orifice of minor salivary glands. These lesions are formed from physically irritation caused by smoking. The lesions were benign and reversible.Conclusion: Thought appropriate examination and treatment, these lesions were healed.


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