Non-traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors unique to or predominant in women

ESC CardioMed ◽

10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0677 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 2832-2834

Author(s):

Angela H. E. M. Maas

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Risk Estimation ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Late Cardiotoxicity ◽

Autoimmune And Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Traditional Risk Factors

Sex-specific risk factors related to hormonal and reproductive status affect cardiovascular disease risk in women. However, it is unclear yet to what extent and within which stage(s) of life these non-traditional risk factors are relevant to cardiovascular disease risk estimation. Thus far, only pre-eclampsia and the HELLP syndrome have been included in recent preventive guidelines. Women are more often affected by autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, which also interfere with their cardiovascular disease risk. As more women survive breast cancer, the prevalence of early and late cardiotoxicity is rising. Early recognition and management is mandatory.

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Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with late cardiotoxicity and survival in HER2-positive breast cancer survivors

Clinical Cancer Research ◽

10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4162 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. clincanres.4162.2020

Author(s):

Xuexin He ◽

Jiali Ji ◽

Xiaolan Dai ◽

Aiham Z. Qdaisat ◽

Francisco J. Esteva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Her2 Positive ◽

Late Cardiotoxicity ◽

Positive Breast Cancer

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Increased Plasma Apolipoprotein C-III Concentration Independently Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality: The Hoorn Study

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2008.103234 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (8) ◽

pp. 1325-1330 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Peter G Scheffer ◽

Tom Teerlink ◽

Jacqueline M Dekker ◽

Griët Bos ◽

Giel Nijpels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Mortality ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Death ◽

Apolipoprotein C ◽

General Population Cohort ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Traditional Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Hypertriglyceridemia is a cardiovascular risk factor. Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is an important determinant of the catabolic rate of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of plasma apoC-III concentrations for cardiovascular mortality. Methods: We performed this prospective study in 2244 subjects (ages 49–77 years) who participated in the Hoorn Study. During a mean follow-up of 15 years, 504 individuals died: 231 of cardiovascular disease, 180 of cancer, and 93 of other causes. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and plasma apoC-III concentrations were measured at baseline. Results: The age- and sex-adjusted plasma apoC-III concentration was prospectively associated with cardiovascular mortality (P < 0.001). After adjustment for traditional risk factors, including fasting triglycerides, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for cardiovascular death between the highest and the lowest quartile of apoC-III was 1.85 (1.02–3.38). High concentrations of apoC-III did not appear to be associated with noncardiovascular mortality. Conclusions: In this general population cohort, a high apoC-III concentration in plasma, independently of fasting triglycerides and other traditional risk factors, predicts cardiovascular mortality.

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Antiretroviral treatment

ESC CardioMed ◽

10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0302 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1204-1208

Author(s):

Nombulelo P. Magula ◽

Rubeshan Perumal ◽

Ruffin Apalata

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Antiretroviral Treatment ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hiv Replication ◽

Aids Epidemic ◽

Traditional Risk Factors

Achieving the targets set by UNAIDS for the year 2020 will enable the world to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Combination antiretroviral treatment (ART) is key to success of this goal and expanding access to all who need it, an imperative. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), ART, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients, either separately or collectively. The HIV replication in infected patients without ART is associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease risk, which seems to reduce with ART. Proinflammatory cytokines maintained with HIV infection and associated with endothelial activation leading to a proatherogenic profile appear to improve with ART. Associations between protease inhibitors and increased triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol have been demonstrated. Although ART use has been associated with an increased cardiovascular risk in HIV-1-infected patients, the overall mortality benefit of ART seems to outweigh the cardiovascular risk. In the context of ART, traditional risk factors have been shown to be strong predictors of cardiovascular disease. Emphasis should be placed on assessment for and management of traditional risk factors. ART with less cardiovascular toxicity should be selected. Early initiation of ART is now recommended.

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