Italy

2019 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Claudia Palumbo ◽  
Umberto Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Health System ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Free Basis ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
Italian National Health

Italy is among countries in the world with the highest population of older people, with Italian elderly people accounting for over 20% of the total population of the country, and ranks second in Europe in terms of the ‘ageing index’ (i.e. the number of people aged 65 and above per 100 youths under the age of 15). In Italy, over 1 million people suffer from dementia, including approximately 600,000 cases of Alzheimer’s disease. Since 2000, a specific National Dementia Plan was initiated and Alzheimer’s Evaluation Units (UVAs) were introduced in all Italian regions to coordinate systematically the complex care process for dementia. Some Italian regions have recently deemed appropriate to change the denomination of UVAs to ‘Evaluation Units of Dementia’ (UVDs) and/or ‘Centres for Cognitive Impairment’. More recently, the Italian Ministry of Health launched an initiative aimed at improving the essential levels of assistance/care (LEA). The LEA represent all activities and services deemed essential to all Italian citizens and that the Italian national health system has to ensure are available, either on a free basis or by paying a participation fee, depending on patients’ situations.

scholarly journals Budget Impact Analysis of Xydalba from the Perspective of Italian National Health System

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. A564-A565
Author(s):  
A Marcellusi ◽  
C Bini ◽  
N Petrosillo ◽  
FS Mennini ◽  
P Sciattella
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
National Health ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Budget Impact ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Budget Impact Analysis ◽  
Italian National Health

scholarly journals Reflections on Health Management from a Systems Perspective: A Reinterpretation of the Italian National Health System

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Armando Masucci ◽  
Antonietta Megaro
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
National Health ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Viable Systems ◽  
Italian National Health

The provision of health services represents a set of central activities in the social context since, through the offer of prevention, diagnostic, treatment, care and rehabilitation services, they allow the pursuit of the ultimate goal of any health system, the well-being of the population and public health. The considerable relevance of the topic, supported by the ethical-social purposes that the health system ultimately assumes, make it an important field of analysis in business studies in general, and in management in particular, considering the economic activities developed by the many actors involved in the dispensing process. The importance of these activities and their strategic nature make them a highly regulated context, in which over time the reference legislative framework has developed and articulated for the determination of reciprocal relations between the actors, for the regulation of the flow of resources, for the control of medical activities to protect citizens. However, the proliferation of laws and regulations at the various levels of government (community, national and regional) has contributed to increasing the interpretative complexity of the health system. This work proposes the use of the Viable Systems Approach (VSA) for the interpretation and management of complex phenomena in the health sector, concerning the Italian National Health System (NHS). The deepening of the implications arising from the analysis enables the VSA as a useful approach to the advancement of research in health management, through the understanding of complexity, stimulating the observer with analysis methodologies capable of better understanding the health context under exam.

scholarly journals Mental Disorders, Cognitive Impairment and the Risk of Suicide in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kułak-Bejda ◽  
Grzegorz Bejda ◽  
Napoleon Waszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Older People ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World

More than 600 million people are aged 60 years and over are living in the world. The World Health Organization estimates that this number will double by 2025 to 2 billion older people. Suicide among people over the age of 60 is one of the most acute problems. The factors strongly associated with suicide are mentioned: physical illnesses, such as cancer, neurologic disorder, pain, liver disease, genital disorders, or rheumatoid disorders. Moreover, neurologic conditions, especially stroke, may affect decision-making processes, cognitive capacity, and language deficit. In addition to dementia, the most common mental disorders are mood and anxiety disorders. A common symptom of these disorders in the elderly is cognitive impairment. This study aimed to present the relationship between cognitive impairment due to dementia, mood disorders and anxiety, and an increased risk of suicide among older people. Dementia is a disease where the risk of suicide is significant. Many studies demonstrated that older adults with dementia had an increased risk of suicide death than those without dementia. Similar conclusions apply to prodromal dementia Depression is also a disease with a high risk of suicide. Many researchers found that a higher level of depression was associated with suicide attempts and suicide ideation. Bipolar disorder is the second entity in mood disorders with an increased risk of suicide among the elderly. Apart from suicidal thoughts, bipolar disorder is characterized by high mortality. In the group of anxiety disorders, the most significant risk of suicide occurs when depression is present. In turn, suicide thoughts are more common in social phobia than in other anxiety disorders. Suicide among the elderly is a serious public health problem. There is a positive correlation between mental disorders such as dementia, depression, bipolar disorder, or anxiety and the prevalence of suicide in the elderly. Therefore, the elderly should be comprehensively provided with psychiatric and psychological support.

scholarly journals How we managed elective, urgent, and emergency orthopedic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Domenico Giorgi ◽  
Enrico Gallazzi ◽  
Paolo Capitani ◽  
Giuseppe Antiono D’Aliberti ◽  
Federico Bove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Italian National Health

The COVID-19 virus is a tremendous burden for the Italian health system. The regionally-based Italian National Health System has been reorganized. Hospitals' biggest challenge was to create new intensive care unit (ICU) beds, as the existing system was insufficient to meet new demand, especially in the most affected areas. Our institution in the Milan metropolitan area of Lombardy, the epicentre of the infection, was selected as one of the three regional hub for major trauma, serving a population of more than three million people. The aims were the increase the ICU beds and the rationalization of human and structural resources available for treating COVID-19 patients. In our hub hospital, the reorganization aimed to reduce the risk of infection and to obtained resources, in terms of beds and healthcare personnel to be use in the COVID-19 emergency. Non-urgent outpatient orthopaedic activity and elective surgery was also suspended. A training programme for healthcare personnel started immediately. Orthopaedic and radiological pathways dedicated to COVID-19 patients, or with possible infection, have been established. In our orthopaedic department, we passed from 70 to 26 beds. Our goal is to treat trauma surgery's patient in the “golden 72 hours” in order to reduce the overall hospital length of stay. We applied an objective priority system to manage the flow of surgical procedures in the emergency room based on clinical outcomes and guidelines. Organizing the present to face the emergency is a challenge, but in the global plan of changes in hospital management one must also think about the near future. We reported the Milan metropolitan area orthopaedic surgery management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our decisions are not based on scientific evidence; therefore, the decision on how reorganize hospitals will likely remain in the hands of individual countries.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Italy: ethical and organizational considerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano G. Nardini ◽  
Claudio Maria Sanguinetti ◽  
Fernando De Benedetto ◽  
Claudio Baccarani ◽  
Mario Del Donno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Personal Privacy ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Regional Health Systems ◽  
Organizational Problems

The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still raging in Italy. The country is currently plagued by a huge burden of virus relatedcases and deaths. So far, the disease has highlighted a number of problems, some in common with other Countries and others peculiar to Italy which has suffered from a mortality rate higher than that observed in China and in most Countries in the world. The causes must be sought not only in the average age of the population (one of the oldest in the world), but also in the inconsistencies of the regional health systems (into which the National Health System is divided) and their delayed response, at least in some areas. Ethical issues emerged from the beginning, ranging from restrictions on freedom of movements and restrictions on personal privacy due to the lockdown, further to the dilemma for healthcare professionals to select people for ICU hospitalization in a shortage of beds in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Organizational problems also emerged, although an official 2007 document from the Ministry of Health had planned not only what measures had to be taken during an epidemic caused by respiratory viruses, but also what had to be done in the inter-epidemic period (including the establishment of DPIs stocks and ventilators), vast areas of Italy were totally unprepared to cope with the disease, as a line of that document was not implemented. Since organizational problems can worsen (and even cause) ethical dilemmas, every effort should be made in the near future to prepare the health system to respond to a similar emergency in a joint, coherent, and homogeneous way across the Country, as planned in the 2007 document. In this perspective, Pulmonary Units and specialists can play a fundamental role in coping with the disease not only in hospitals, as intermediate care units, but also at a territorial level in an integrated network with GPs.

scholarly journals Deprescribing in elderly patients: new challenges to the Italian National Health System

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Amprino ◽  
E Azzan ◽  
MR Gualano ◽  
R Siliquini ◽  
P Varese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Health System ◽  
National Health ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Italian National Health ◽  
New Challenges
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