Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

Hiv Infection ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Tissue Loss ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Hiv Disease ◽

Hiv Replication ◽

Pharmacological Management ◽

Nutritional Conditions ◽

Introduction, nutritional goals, and assessment 664 Unintentional weight and lean tissue loss 666 Cardiovascular risk and complications associated with HIV disease and treatment 667 Additional dietary issues 668 Untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to progressive suppression of immune function, eventually rendering the body susceptible to opportunistic infections and tumours. While there is no cure, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is highly effective in suppressing HIV replication. HIV disease is now a chronic condition and causes of death in this population have shifted from traditional AIDS-related illnesses to non-AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) events, the most common being atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, liver disease, end-stage renal disease and non-AIDS–defining malignancies. There are a diverse range of nutritional conditions associated with HIV, reflecting the complexity of the disease and pharmacological management....

Strong Impact of Smoking on Multimorbidity and Cardiovascular Risk Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals in Comparison With the General Population

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofv108 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Barbara Hasse ◽

Philip E. Tarr ◽

Pedro Marques-Vidal ◽

Gerard Waeber ◽

Martin Preisig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

General Population ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Poisson Regression ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Negative

Abstract Background. Although acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated morbidity has diminished due to excellent viral control, multimorbidity may be increasing among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons compared with the general population. Methods. We assessed the prevalence of comorbidities and multimorbidity in participants of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) compared with the population-based CoLaus study and the primary care-based FIRE (Family Medicine ICPC-Research using Electronic Medical Records) records. The incidence of the respective endpoints were assessed among SHCS and CoLaus participants. Poisson regression models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking. Results. Overall, 74 291 participants contributed data to prevalence analyses (3230 HIV-infected; 71 061 controls). In CoLaus, FIRE, and SHCS, multimorbidity was present among 26%, 13%, and 27% of participants. Compared with nonsmoking individuals from CoLaus, the incidence of cardiovascular disease was elevated among smoking individuals but independent of HIV status (HIV-negative smoking: incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2–2.5; HIV-positive smoking: IRR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1–2.6; HIV-positive nonsmoking: IRR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.44–1.4). Compared with nonsmoking HIV-negative persons, multivariable Poisson regression ide.jpegied associations of HIV infection with hypertension (nonsmoking: IRR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.5–2.4; smoking: IRR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.6–2.4), kidney (nonsmoking: IRR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.9–3.8; smoking: IRR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.9–3.6), and liver disease (nonsmoking: IRR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4–2.4; smoking: IRR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.4–2.2). No evidence was found for an association of HIV-infection or smoking with diabetes mellitus. Conclusions. Multimorbidity is more prevalent and incident in HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative individuals. Smoking, but not HIV status, has a strong impact on cardiovascular risk and multimorbidity.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Children

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America ◽

10.1016/s0889-8588(18)30659-2 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 381-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Beverly Ryan ◽

Edward Connor ◽

Anthony Minnefor ◽

Frank Desposito ◽

James Oleske

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

T Lymphocytes and Their Cytokines in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Implications for Associated Neoplasias

Critical Reviews™ in Oncogenesis ◽

10.1615/critrevoncog.v6.i3-6.50 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 6 (3-6) ◽

pp. 275-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christian Jassoy ◽

Bruce D. Walker

Keyword(s):

T Lymphocytes ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Low Free Testosterone Levels in Japanese Men with Well-controlled Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Current HIV Research ◽

10.2174/1570162x18666200720000344 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 381-386

Author(s):

Yusuke Yoshino ◽

Ichiro Koga ◽

Yoshitaka Wakabayashi ◽

Takatoshi Kitazawa ◽

Yasuo Ota

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Free Testosterone ◽

Serum Levels ◽

University Hospital ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Background: The change in the prevalence of hypogonadism with age in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is subject to debate. Objective: To address this issue, we diagnosed hypogonadism based on serum levels of free testosterone (fTST) rather than total testosterone which is thought to be an inaccurate indicator. We also determined the relationship between age and fTST levels and identified risk factors for hypogonadism in men with HIV infection. Method: We retrospectively reviewed fTST levels and associated clinical factors in 71 wellcontrolled HIV-infected men who were treated at Teikyo University Hospital between April 2015 and March 2016 and who had data available on serum fTST levels, measured >6 months after starting antiretroviral therapy. fTST was measured using radioimmunoassay on blood samples collected in the morning. Risk factors for hypogonadism were identified using Welch’s t-test and multiple regression analysis. Results: The men had a mean (± standard deviation) age of 47.4 ± 13.6 years, and mean (± standard deviation) serum fTST level of 13.0 ± 6.1 pg/mL. Fifteen (21.1%) men had hypogonadism based on a fTST <8.5 pg/mL. Serum fTST levels significantly decreased with age (−0.216 pg/mL/year). Older age and low hemoglobin levels were identified as risk factors for hypogonadism. Conclusion: The men in the study experienced a more rapid decline in fTST levels with age than men in the general population (−0.161 pg/mL/year). Serum fTST levels in men with HIV infection should be monitored, especially in older men and those with low hemoglobin levels.

FRI0435 THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM AUTOANTIBODIES AND HLA-B27 MOLECULE TESTING IN UYGUR PATIENTS WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5155 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 815.3-815

Author(s):

X. Chen ◽

L. Wu ◽

X. Wu ◽

C. N. Luo ◽

Y. M. Shi

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Molecular Mimicry ◽

Molecular Testing ◽

Hla B27 ◽

Clinical Value ◽

Rheumatic Manifestations ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Positive Rate

Background:AIDS is a deadly infectious disease caused by the HIV. When HIV infects a host, it may induce production of autoantibodies due to the structural antigen similarity between viral proteins and selfantigens.The molecular mimicry between HIV protein and self-antigens could cause antibody cross-reactions and lead to development of autoimmune disease.Objectives:To explore the clinical value of serum autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen (HLA-B27) molecular testing in Uygur patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.Methods:A total of 727 HIV-infected Uygur patients who visited Kuche Infectious Diseases Hospital during May 2016 to March 2017 were include in this study. The other 390 healthy people were enrolled as controls. Serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and ANA Profile, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody, and HLA-B27 molecule were tested.Results:Among 727 HIV-infected Uygur patients, 317 were males and 410 were females with mean age (35.52±13.44) years old. The mean duration of disease was (6.34±3.05)years. There were 697(95.87%) patients receiving Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with mean duration of treatment (6.34±3.05)years. Rheumatic manifestations were recorded in 238 (32.74%) HIV-infected Uygur patients, mainly with dry mouth and dry eye (15.41%), alopecia (9.90%), arthralgia (8.94%), ect. Compared with the health controls, positive ANA was more common in HIV infected Uygur patients (33.42%vs.17.43%,P< 0.001) with low titers (ANA titer:1:100). HIV-infected Uygur patients had higher positive anti-u1-RNP antibodies positive rate (1.10%), but lower anti-SSA antibodies positive rate (0.14%) and anti-CCP antibodies positive rate (0.28%). Patients with positive ANA in HAART group were significantly less than that in non-treatment group (38.72%vs.50.00%,P=0.049).Only one female patient was HLA-B27 positive (0.14%), which was significantly lower than that in healthy controls (3.08%) (P<0.001). Also, only one patient was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Conclusion:Rheumatic manifestations are common in HIV-infected Uygur patients. Several autoantibodies are positive, but the coincidence of rheumatic diseases is rare. It’s noted that patients with Rheumatic manifestations and low titre positive ANA should be considered as a differential diagnosis of HIV infection.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Cryptococcal infection of the colon in a patient without concurrent human immunodeficiency infection: a case report and literature review

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1007/s10096-021-04268-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alvaro Quincho-Lopez ◽

Noah Kojima ◽

John M. Nesemann ◽

Rogger Verona-Rubio ◽

Dina Carayhua-Perez

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Chronic Diarrhea ◽

Cryptococcal Infection ◽

Pulmonary System ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Disseminated Disease ◽

Histopathology Examination

AbstractCryptococcosis is a fungal infection that is rarely reported in patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, especially when the central nervous system (CNS) or pulmonary system is not involved. We report a case of isolated colonic cryptococcosis without disseminated disease in a 64-year-old immunocompetent woman without HIV infection who presented with chronic diarrhea and no episodes of fever or weight loss. The diagnosis was based on histopathology examination. Furthermore, we performed a literature review showing that few reports have been published so far and in the case of colonic cryptococcal infection, the prognosis is favorable among HIV-uninfected patients.