Biological predictors of suicidal behaviour in mood disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 389-394
Author(s):  
J. John Mann ◽  
Dianne Currier
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dopaminergic Systems ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Predicting suicide is difficult due to its low base rate and the multicausal nature of suicidal behaviour. Retrospective and cross-sectional studies have identified a number of biologic abnormalities associated with suicide and non-fatal suicide attempt. Non-fatal suicidal behaviour shows a big range in terms of degree of intent and medical damage or lethality. High intent more lethal suicide attempts are associated with greater risk of suicide and different demographics and biology compared with impulsive low lethality attempts. Prospective studies of suicide provide estimates of the predictive utility of biologic measures. Here, we review prospective studies of suicidal behaviour and serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic systems, inflammation, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis function in mood disorders. The most promising biologic predictors are low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and HPA axis dysfunction, as demonstrated by dexamethasone non-suppression where each are associated with a 4.5-fold greater risk of suicide.

scholarly journals Important considerations when assessing the effect of essential fatty acids on cognitive performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aayush Visaria ◽  
David Lo ◽  
Pranay Maniar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Mental Comorbidities ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Abstract Over the past decade, there have been many studies determining the effect of dietary ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids intake on cognitive performance; however, they have largely been inconsistent in their conclusions. In this letter, we provide context to the article by Dong et al., titled “Association of dietary ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids intake with cognitive performance in older adults: National Health and nutrition examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014” and provide methodological considerations with regards to covariate measurement and inclusion that can be generalized to future cross-sectional studies. In particular, delineating 1) the type and source of fatty acid, in context of an individual’s overall dietary patterns, 2) sociobehavioral risk factors and physical & mental comorbidities, 3) and daily cognitive activity are important to adequately control for covariates.

Prevalence of suicide attempts among Chinese adolescents: A meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiande Hu ◽  
Yonghai Dong ◽  
Xiaodan Chen ◽  
Yun Liu ◽  
Dongyang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

The effect of psychological distress on health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughn Barry ◽  
Mary E Stout ◽  
Mary Ellen Lynch ◽  
Shanna Mattis ◽  
Duc Q Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcome ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Distress effects are widely examined in cross-sectional studies with less known about effects on future health. This review summarizes distress impacts on health among adults in prospective studies and describes available distress measurement tools. Four inter-disciplinary databases were searched. Effects of distress on mortality and other outcomes were reviewed and estimated in a meta-analysis. A total of 19 studies were assessed which incorporated 10 distress tools. Distress had a detrimental effect on health regardless of the population studied, distress tool used, and health outcome examined. There was an increased mortality risk among those reporting high versus low distress (pooled hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.29 (1.15–1.46)).

Are the Genes of Stress Involved in the Vulnerability to Suicide Attempts and in Related-endophenotypes?

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
P. Courtet ◽  
S. Guillame ◽  
I. Jaussent ◽  
F. Jollant ◽  
A. Malafosse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Stress Axis ◽  
Stress Related Genes

Molecular genetic studies have initially focused on genes of the serotonergic system, providing consistent evidence for their implication in the susceptibility to suicidal behaviour. More recent data suggested the existence of interactions with environmental stress factors, and the influence of various polymorphisms on decision making, a potential endophenotype for suicidal behaviour. On the other hand, abnormalities of the HPA axis may represent another trait marker, associated with the occurrence of completed suicide in prospective studies of depressed patients. The demonstration of both interactions between the HPA axis and the serotonin system at the biological level, and the well-known involvement of stress factors in triggering suicidal acts, led researchers to investigate the possibility for stress-related genes to play a role in the vulnerability to suicidal behaviour. We investigated the influence of several stress-related genes, namely CRH receptors, FKBP5, Arginin Vasopressin receptor V1b and NRY on the vulnerability to suicide attempts, performing an association study in a sample of 1650 patients and 420 controls in order to detect an association between suicidal behaviour and these polymorphisms. We further investigated the existence of an effect of the interaction between these genotypes and childhood abuse on the severity index of suicidal behaviour. Last, we proposed to study the influence of stress-related polymorphisms on the cognitive vulnerability factor, decision making.The addition of new data concerning genes that intervene in the stress axis may help researchers to refine the biological pathways of the vulnerability to suicidal behaviour, going beyond the demonstration of genes environment interactions.

Affective temperaments, white matter hyperintensities and suicidal risk in patients with mood disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1644-1644
Author(s):  
G. Serafini ◽  
M. Pompili
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Suicidal Risk ◽  
Short Allele ◽  
Affective Temperaments ◽  
Hyperthymic Temperament

IntroductionPatients with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) may be at higher risk for affective disorders and suicidal behaviour and affective temperaments may play a significant role in mood disorders.Objectives, aims, methodsRecently, we conducted a study in a sample of 247 patients with major affective disorders consecutively admitted as psychiatric inpatients.ResultsWe found that those with higher dysthymia and lower hyperthymia were more likely to have higher BHS scores, more WMHs, higher MINI suicidal risk, and more recent suicide attempts than patients with higher hyperthymia and lower dysthymia. Previously, we have reported that depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperaments are risk factors whereas the hyperthymic temperament is a protective factor for suicidal behaviour, at least for suicide attempters. This is in line with recent genetic studies showing that the short allele of serotonin transporter gene promoter (5-HTTLPR) was significantly related to depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperaments (but not to the hyperthymic temperament) and individuals with the short allele of the 5-HTTLPR and major affective disorders have more microstructural white matter abnormalities in specific brain regions.ConclusionsIn subjects with mood disorders, some temperament profiles in addition to WMHs presumably play a critical role in the emergence of hopelessness and suicidal behaviour. Differences among temperament profiles associated with WMHs may be used as biological markers for clinically grouping subjects at higher risk both for the emergence of mood disorders and suicidal behaviour (highly lethal suicide attempts) and this may have relevant implications for treatment.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: update of living systematic review

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Ann John ◽  
Emily Eyles ◽  
Roger T. Webb ◽  
Chukwudi Okolie ◽  
Lena Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
The Impact

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused considerable morbidity, mortality and disruption to people’s lives around the world. There are concerns that rates of suicide and suicidal behaviour may rise during and in its aftermath. Our living systematic review synthesises findings from emerging literature on incidence and prevalence of suicidal behaviour as well as suicide prevention efforts in relation to COVID-19, with this iteration synthesising relevant evidence up to 19th October 2020. Method:  Automated daily searches feed into a web-based database with screening and data extraction functionalities. Eligibility criteria include incidence/prevalence of suicidal behaviour, exposure-outcome relationships and effects of interventions in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Outcomes of interest are suicide, self-harm or attempted suicide and suicidal thoughts. No restrictions are placed on language or study type, except for single-person case reports. We exclude one-off cross-sectional studies without either pre-pandemic measures or comparisons of COVID-19 positive vs. unaffected individuals. Results: Searches identified 6,226 articles. Seventy-eight articles met our inclusion criteria. We identified a further 64 relevant cross-sectional studies that did not meet our revised inclusion criteria. Thirty-four articles were not peer-reviewed (e.g. research letters, pre-prints). All articles were based on observational studies. There was no consistent evidence of a rise in suicide but many studies noted adverse economic effects were evolving. There was evidence of a rise in community distress, fall in hospital presentation for suicidal behaviour and early evidence of an increased frequency of suicidal thoughts in those who had become infected with COVID-19. Conclusions:  Research evidence of the impact of COVID-19 on suicidal behaviour is accumulating rapidly. This living review provides a regular synthesis of the most up-to-date research evidence to guide public health and clinical policy to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on suicide risk as the longer term impacts of the pandemic on suicide risk are researched.

Abstract P089: Total, Plant and Animal Protein Intake and Blood Pressure: A Meta-analysis of Observational and Intervention Studies

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne M Tielemans ◽  
Wieke Altorf - van der Kuil ◽  
Mariëlle F Engberink ◽  
Elizabeth J Brink ◽  
Marleen A van Baak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Background: Dietary protein may beneficially influence blood pressure (BP), but evidence is not conclusive. Objective: To quantify the association of total protein, plant protein, and animal protein intake with BP and incident hypertension by means of meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic literature search for eligible studies was conducted until January 2012, using MEDLINE and manual search. Of >3,000 titles evaluated, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Dose-response meta-analyses were performed using STATA 11.0. We included 8 cross-sectional studies (total of 48,985 participants), 4 prospective studies (11,761 participants), and 17 randomized controlled trials (1,449 subjects). Results: Total protein intake was significantly inversely associated with systolic BP ([[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]0.20 mmHg per SD, 95%-CI: [[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]0.39 to [[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]0.01) in cross-sectional studies, but no relation was found with incident hypertension in prospective studies (HR of 0.99 per SD, 95%-CI: 0.96 to 1.02). Trials showed an overall reduction of [[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]2.1 mmHg in systolic BP (95%-CI:[[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]2.9 to [[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]1.4) for a weighed difference in protein intake of 41 g/d, compared to carbohydrates. Plant protein, but not animal protein, was weakly inversely associated with BP in cross-sectional studies. Plant protein and animal protein showed similar associations in prospective studies (non-significant HR of 0.96 and 0.98 per SD, respectively) and randomized trials (-2.0 vs -2.2 mmHg, P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Dietary protein may have a beneficial effect on BP if consumed instead of carbohydrates. No clear difference was observed between plant and animal protein, but data on protein from different sources and BP is scarce and more research is needed to draw conclusions.

Physical Activity and Safety From Crime Among Adults: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inacio C. M. da Silva ◽  
Valerie L. C. Payne ◽  
Adriano Akira Hino ◽  
Andrea Ramirez Varela ◽  
Rodrigo S. Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Background:The aim of this study was to review the evidence to date on the association between physical activity and safety from crime.Methods:Articles with adult populations of 500+ participants investigating the association between physical activity and safety from crime were included. A methodological quality assessment was conducted using an adapted version of the Downs and Black checklist.Results:The literature search identified 15,864 articles. After assessment of titles, abstracts and full-texts, 89 articles were included. Most articles (84.3%) were derived from high-income countries and only 3 prospective articles were identified. Articles presented high methodological quality. In 38 articles (42.7%), at least one statistically significant association in the expected direction was reported (ie, safety from crime was positively associated with physical activity). Nine articles (10.1%) found an association in the unexpected direction and 42 (47.2%) did not find statistically significant associations. The results did not change when we analyzed articles separately by sex, age, type of measurement, or domains of physical activity evaluated.Conclusions:The current evidence, mostly based on cross-sectional studies, suggests a lack of association between physical activity and safety from crime. Prospective studies and natural experiments are needed, particularly in areas with wide crime variability.

scholarly journals Sexual minority status and suicidal behaviour among Chinese adolescents: a nationally representative cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e020969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeen Huang ◽  
Pengsheng Li ◽  
Lan Guo ◽  
Xue Gao ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Romantic Attraction ◽  
Minority Adolescents

ObjectivesSuicidality among sexual minority adolescents has generated worldwide concern in recent decades, and previous Western studies have demonstrated that sexual minority status is associated with adolescent suicidality. However, whether this association exists in Chinese adolescents remains largely unknown. This study aimed to estimate the associations between sexual minority status and suicidal behaviour among Chinese adolescents.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingA total of 506 high schools in 7 provinces of China.ParticipantsA total of 150 822 students in grades 7–12 who completed the questionnaires (response rate of 95.9%) were included.Main outcome measuresSuicidal ideation and suicide attempts were used to measure suicidal behaviour, and sexual attraction (opposite sex, same sex or both sex) was used as a measure for sexual minority status.ResultsOf the 150 822 adolescents analysed, 4.1% self-reported as sexual minorities and 17.3% were unsure. Compared with heterosexual and unsure adolescents, same-sex romantic attraction (SSA) and both-sex romantic attraction (BSA) adolescents reported a higher prevalence of past-year suicidal ideation (SSA: 21.6% for males and 30.4% for females; BSA: 34.7% for males and 42.3% for females) and suicide attempts (SSA: 6.9% for males and 8.9% for females; BSA: 12.2% for males and 10.9% for females). After adjustment for covariates, SSA and BSA adolescents were more likely to have past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts than their heterosexual and unsure peers. BSA adolescents reported the highest risk of suicidal ideation (males: adjusted OR (AOR) 2.42, 95% CI 2.03 to 2.88; females: AOR 2.61, 95% CI 2.41 to 2.82) and suicide attempts (males: AOR 3.83, 95% CI 2.85 to 5.14; females: AOR 2.59, 95% CI 2.19 to 3.06).ConclusionsOur study suggested that Chinese sexual minority adolescents were at increased risk of suicidality, and those with BSA had an especially high risk in this population. These findings emphasised the urgent need to develop targeted interventions to effectively address suicide-related problems among Chinese sexual minority adolescents.

A Mediation Analysis of Childhood Maltreatment and Suicidal Behavior among Patients with Depressive or Bipolar Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S85-S85
Author(s):  
K. Aaltonen ◽  
T. Rosenström ◽  
I. Baryshnikov ◽  
B. Karpov ◽  
T. Melartin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder Traits

IntroductionSubstantial evidence supports association between childhood maltreatment and suicidal behaviour, however, a limited number of studies have examined psychological mechanisms mediating the relationship among patients with mood disorders.ObjectiveTo investigate directly the potential intermediating mechanisms between childhood maltreatment and suicidal behaviour among patients with mood disorders.AimsWe examine by formal mediation analyses, if:– the effect of childhood maltreatment on suicidal behaviour is mediated through borderline personality disorder traits;– the mediation effect differs between lifetime suicidal ideation and lifetime suicide attempts.MethodsDepressive disorder and bipolar disorder (ICD-10-DCR) patients (n = 287) from the Helsinki university psychiatric consortium (HUPC) Study were surveyed on self-reported childhood experiences, current depressive symptoms, borderline personality disorder traits and lifetime suicidal behaviour. Psychiatric records served to complement the information on suicide attempts.ResultsThe influence of childhood maltreatment on lifetime suicidal ideation and lifetime suicide attempts showed comparable total effects. In formal mediation analyses, borderline personality disorder traits mediated all of the total effect of childhood maltreatment on lifetime suicide attempts, but only 21% of the total effect on lifetime suicide ideation. The mediation effect was stronger for lifetime suicide attempts compared to ideation (P = 0.002) and independent of current depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe mechanisms of the effect of childhood maltreatment on suicidal ideation and attempts may diverge among psychiatric patients with mood disorders. Borderline personality disorder traits may contribute to these mechanisms, although the influence appears considerably stronger for suicide attempts than for suicide ideation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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