Epidemiology of nephrolithiasis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric N. Taylor ◽  
Gary C. Curhan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Urinary Citrate ◽  
Risk Of Stone Formation

Nephrolithiasis is common, costly, and painful. The prevalence of nephrolithiasis, defined as a history of stone disease, varies by age, sex, race, and geography while the incidence of nephrolithiasis, defined as the first stone event, varies by age, sex, and race. Epidemiologic studies have quantified the burden of kidney stone disease and expand our understanding of risk factors. A variety of dietary, non-dietary, and urinary risk factors contribute to the risk of stone formation and the importance of these varies by age, sex, and body mass index.Low fluid intake, high urinary oxalate or calcium or uric acid, and low urinary citrate are all associated with nephrolithiasis. These results from epidemiologic studies can be considered in the clinical setting when devising treatment plans to reduce stone recurrence.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Kidney Stone Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Roswitha Siener
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Nutrition And Diet

The prevalence of kidney stone disease is increasing worldwide. The recurrence rate of urinary stones is estimated to be up to 50%. Nephrolithiasis is associated with increased risk of chronic and end stage kidney disease. Diet composition is considered to play a crucial role in urinary stone formation. There is strong evidence that an inadequate fluid intake is the major dietary risk factor for urolithiasis. While the benefit of high fluid intake has been confirmed, the effect of different beverages, such as tap water, mineral water, fruit juices, soft drinks, tea and coffee, are debated. Other nutritional factors, including dietary protein, carbohydrates, oxalate, calcium and sodium chloride can also modulate the urinary risk profile and contribute to the risk of kidney stone formation. The assessment of nutritional risk factors is an essential component in the specific dietary therapy of kidney stone patients. An appropriate dietary intervention can contribute to the effective prevention of recurrent stones and reduce the burden of invasive surgical procedures for the treatment of urinary stone disease. This narrative review has intended to provide a comprehensive and updated overview on the role of nutrition and diet in kidney stone disease.

scholarly journals Family history and risk of kidney stones.

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1568-1573
Author(s):  
G C Curhan ◽  
W C Willett ◽  
E B Rimm ◽  
M J Stampfer
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
History Of ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation ◽  
Risk Of Stone Formation

Kidney stones develop more frequently in individuals with a family history of kidney stones than in those without a family history; however, little information is available regarding whether the increased risk is attributable to genetic factors, environmental exposures, or some combination. In this report, the relation between family history and risk of kidney stone formation was studied in a cohort of 37,999 male participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Information on family history, kidney stone formation, and other exposures of interest, including dietary intake, was obtained by mailed questionnaires. A family history of kidney stones was much more common in men with a personal history of stones at baseline in 1986 than in those without a history of stones (age-adjusted prevalence odds ratio, 3.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.90 to 3.45). During 8 yr of follow-up, 795 incident cases of stones were documented. After adjusting for a variety of risk factors, the relative risk of incident stone formation in men with a positive family history, compared with those without, was 2.57 (95% CI, 2.19 to 3.02). Family history did not modify the inverse association between dietary calcium intake and the risk of stone formation. These results suggest that a family history of kidney stones substantially increases the risk of stone formation. In addition, these data suggest that dietary calcium restriction may increase the risk of stone formation, even among individuals with a family history of kidney stones.

scholarly journals Effect of Black Tea Consumption on Urinary Risk Factors for Kidney Stone Formation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4434
Author(s):  
Roswitha Siener ◽  
Albrecht Hesse
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

Copious fluid intake is the most essential nutritional measure in the treatment of urolithiasis, and is suggested to be a protective factor in the primary prevention of urinary stone formation. Although the intake of black tea contributes to daily fluid intake, the high oxalate content could outweigh the beneficial effect of urine dilution. The present study investigated the effect of black tea consumption on urinary risk factors for kidney stone formation. Ten healthy men received a standardized diet for a period of ten days. Subjects consumed 1.5 L/day of fruit tea (0 mg/day oxalate) during the 5-day control phase, which was replaced by 1.5 L/day of black tea (86 mg/day oxalate) during the 5-day test phase. Fractional and 24-h urines were obtained. The intake of black tea did not significantly alter 24-h urinary oxalate excretion. Urinary citrate, an important inhibitor of calcium stone formation, increased significantly, while the relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate, uric acid, and struvite remained unchanged. No significantly increased risk for kidney stone formation could be derived from the ingestion of black tea in normal subjects. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of black tea consumption in kidney stone patients with intestinal hyperabsorption of oxalate.

scholarly journals Risk factors of kidney stone disease: a cross-sectional study in the southeast of Iran

BMC Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Khalili ◽  
Zahra Jamali ◽  
Tabandeh Sadeghi ◽  
Ali Esmaeili-nadimi ◽  
Maryam Mohamadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The prevalence of kidney stones in the world is increasing and environmental factors seem to play a major role in this issue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of risk factors of kidney stones in the adult population of Rafsanjan city based on the data of the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS). Methods In the baseline phase of this study, 10,000 people aged 35 to 70 years are enrolled in the RCS, as one of the prospective epidemiological research studies in Iran. From this population, 9932 participants completed related demographic questionnaires as well as reported a history of diabetes mellitus, kidney stone, and hypertension diseases. The obtained data were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistics regression. Results According to the obtained results, 46.54% of the studied population were male and 53.46% were female. The mean age of the participants was 49.94 ± 9.56 years. 2392 people accounting for 24.08% of the population had kidney stones. After adjustment of the variables, six variables of gender, WSI, no consumption of purified water, BMI, and history of hypertension and diabetes were found to be significant related factors of kidney stone disease. Conclusions Gender, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and personal habits like alcohol consumption, opium use and, cigarette smoking are effective in the development of kidney stones. So, by identifying the susceptible patients and teaching them, the burden of the disease on society and the individual can be reduced. The results of this study are helpful to health care providers for preventive planning for kidney stone disease.

Cross-talk between renal lithogenesis and atherosclerosis: an unveiled link between kidney stone formation and cardiovascular diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asokan Devarajan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Crystal Nucleation ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

The prevalence of kidney stones and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are increasing throughout the world. Both diseases are chronic and characterized by accumulation of oxidized proteins and lipids in the renal tissue and arterial wall, respectively. Emerging studies have revealed a positive association between nephrolithiasis and CVDs. Based on preclinical and clinical evidences, this review discusses: (i) stone forming risk factors, crystal nucleation, aggregation, injury-induced crystal retention, and stone formation, (ii) CVD risk factors such as dyslipidemia, perturbation of gut microbiome, obesity, free radical-induced lipoprotein oxidation, and retention in the arterial wall, subsequent foam cell formation, and atherosclerosis, (iii) mechanism by which stone forming risk factors such as oxalate, calcium, uric acid, and infection contribute toward CVDs, and (iv) how CVD risk factors, such as cholesterol, phospholipids, and uric acid, contribute to kidney stone formation are described.

scholarly journals Comparison of Risk Factors for Pediatric Kidney Stone Formation: The Effects of Sex

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Schwaderer ◽  
Rupesh Raina ◽  
Anshika Khare ◽  
Fayez Safadi ◽  
Sharon M. Moe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Diseases’ Awareness Among Women in Northern Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Abdulhakeem M Okour ◽  
Rami A Saadeh ◽  
Neda Redwan ◽  
Muhammad Faizal Bin A. Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Objectives

BACKGROUND: Women’s awareness of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, is the cornerstone in promoting women’s health. Objectives: To examine the relationship of awareness levels about cardiovascular diseases and their related risk factors with demographic information of Jordanian women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 18 years and older women. Scores of awareness were computed for each individual and were divided into 4 quartiles. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of demographic information of participants with mean scores of quartiles. ANOVA analysis was used to compare the mean scores of quartiles. RESULTS: A total of 514 women completed the questionnaire, with a mean age of 35.46 (±12.53). Current smokers were 6.2%, and 34.6% had a family history of heart disease. The proportion of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and overweight/obesity were 15.6%, 19.3%, 14.4%, & 21.6% respectively. The mean score for awareness was 12.87 (+ 3.26). Women who had lower income and who were at younger age were more likely to score low in awareness. CONCLUSION: Women illustrated a fair level of awareness of CVD and its related risk factors. Increasing women awareness of CVD through educational programs, targeted toward women at risk, assists in disease prevention and help to improve treatment plans.

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