Self-report: the primary source in assessment after infancy

2013 ◽  
pp. 370-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl L. von Baeyer
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Self Report ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Source Of Information

Self-report is the primary source of information for assessment of pain and measurement of its intensity in children age 3 years and older. This chapter provides an overview of the variables addressed in assessment, specific tools used to obtain self-reports, and interpretation of pain scores. Challenges include establishing whether children are able to understand and use self-report scales and interpreting self-reported pain scores when they conflict with clinicians’ observation. New developments in self-report assessment are introduced, such as new support for the use of numerical rating scales and development of computer and smartphone self-report tools. Recommendations are provided supporting integration of self-report of pain in pain management.

Self-report

2021 ◽  
pp. 391-399
Author(s):  
Carl L. von Baeyer ◽  
Mark A. Connelly
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Context ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Recent Developments

Self-report is the primary source of information for assessment of pain and measurement of its intensity in most children aged 4 years and older. This chapter provides an overview of the variables addressed in assessment, specific tools used to obtain self-reports, and interpretation of self-reports in relation to observation, parent report, and clinical context. Challenges include establishing whether children are able to understand and use self-report scales and interpreting self-reported pain scores, especially when they conflict with clinicians’ observations and with the clinical context. Recent developments in assessing pain in children by self-report are introduced, including newly established strong psychometric support for numerical rating scales, development of electronic apps, and investigation of self-report scales for preschool-age children.

scholarly journals Children’s Self-Reports of Pain Intensity: Scale Selection, Limitations and Interpretation

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl L von Baeyer
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Scale Selection ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Analogue Scales ◽  
And Training

Most children aged five years and older can provide meaningful self-reports of pain intensity if they are provided with age-appropriate tools and training. Self-reports of pain intensity are an oversimplification of the complexity of the experience of pain, but one that is necessary to evaluate and titrate pain-relieving treatments. There are many sources of bias and error in self-reports of pain, so ratings need to be interpreted in light of information from other sources such as direct observation of behaviour, knowledge of the circumstances of the pain and parents’ reports. The pain intensity scales most commonly used with children – faces scales, numerical rating scales, visual analogue scales and others – are briefly introduced. The selection, limitations and interpretation of self-report scales are discussed.

scholarly journals Anchoring Vignettes

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Primi ◽  
Cristian Zanon ◽  
Daniel Santos ◽  
Filip De Fruyt ◽  
Oliver P. John
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Achievement Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Achievement Test Scores ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
The Way

Abstract. Individuals differ in the way they use rating scales to describe themselves, and these differences are particularly pronounced in children and early adolescents. One promising remedy is to correct (or “anchor”) an individual’s responses according to the way they use the scale when they rate an anchoring vignette (a set of hypothetical targets differing on the attribute of interest). Studying adolescents’ self-reports of their socio-emotional attributes, we compared traditional self-report scores with vignette-corrected scores in terms of reliability (internal consistency), discriminant validity (scale intercorrelations), and criterion validity (predicting achievement test scores in language and math). A large and representative sample of 12th grade Brazilian students (N = 8,582, 62% female, mean age 18.2) were administered a Portuguese-language self-report inventory assessing social-emotional skills related to the Big Five personality dimensions. Correcting scores according to vignette ratings led to increases in the reliability of scales measuring Conscientiousness and Openness, but discriminant validity and criterion validity increased only when each scale was corrected using its own corresponding vignette set. Moreover, accuracy in rating the vignettes was correlated with language achievement test scores, suggesting that verbal factors play a role in providing both normative vignette ratings of others and self-reports that are reliable and valid.

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN PATIENTS WITH CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

Hand Surgery ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoki Sonohata ◽  
Toshiyuki Tsuruta ◽  
Hiroko Mine ◽  
Akihiko Asami ◽  
Hideki Ishii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Night Pain ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome

The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics of neuropathic pain in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. We retrospectively reviewed 143 hands in 127 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. The neuropathic pain was determined by using the painDETECT as a self-administered psychometric questionnaire to distinguish neuropathic pain. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of the patients with and without neuropathic pain. However, there were significant differences in the pain scores between those with and without neuropathic pain (p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant difference between the existence of night pain in these patients (p < 0.01). Based on the results of the current study, we conclude that it is important to be aware of, and consider the existence of neuropathic pain during the treatment of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome with night pain or a high score on the numerical rating scales of pain.

Pain management

2019 ◽  
pp. 549-568
Author(s):  
John Curtin
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Brief Pain Inventory ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
World Health ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Strong Opioids

Pain is described as being whatever the experiencing person says it is, and their perception of pain is determined by their mood and morale and the meaning of the pain for them. Cancer pain is common, and prevalence is related to the stage of the illness: 59% in patients undergoing treatment, and 64% in those with advanced disease. Pain is multi-causal and multidimensional, and a holistic, interdisciplinary approach to assessment is necessary, encompassing physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of pain (together are ‘total pain’). A narrative approach to pain assessment is helpful, keeping the focus on the patient and their experience. Pain assessment tools can also be used to identify where pain is and how much it hurts. These include: pain body map, visual analogue scales (VAS), verbal rating scales (VRS), numerical rating scales (NRS), and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). Classifications of pain include acute and chronic pain, nociceptive pain caused by the stimulation of nerve endings, and neuropathic pain caused by nerve dysfunction or compression. Analgesic drugs may be given according to the World Health Organization's pain relief ladder: step 1, non-opioid analgesics such as paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; step 2, mild opioids like codeine with or without non-opioid analgesics; and step 3, strong opioids like morphine with or without non-opioid analgesics. Non-pharmacological interventions for pain management include transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), massage, distraction, relaxation, breathing exercises, comfort measures, and presence of the nurse. Effective communication at all stages of management is essential.

Self-Report Is a Primary Source of Information About Pain, But It Is Not Infallible

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schiavenato ◽  
Carl L. von Baeyer ◽  
Kenneth D. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Source Of Information

Comparison among Various Methods of Assessment of Impulsiveness

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Carrillo-de-la-Peña ◽  
J. M. Otero ◽  
E. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
Cognitive Aspect ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Test Version ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
Matching Familiar Figures Test

The current confused status of the research on impulsivity may be attributed to the lack of precise definitions, the reliance of most operationalizations on a single index, and inconsistency among different measures of the construct. Empirical measurements of impulsivity by self-reports, rating scales, or performance tasks suggest that the instruments employed measure aspects that have very little in common, a finding that throws serious doubts on the validity of the construct and implies a need for further research. To clarify this topic, we applied four different measures of impulsivity to 46 7th-grade (12 to 13 years old) schoolchildren. The children were rated by their teachers on an impulsivity behavior scale and were administered Kagan's Matching Familiar Figures Test, Version MFF-20, and two self-report forms, the Eysenck Impulsiveness Questionnaire, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Although the results confirmed the lack of convergence among these measures, high latencies on matching were associated with the cognitive aspect of the self-report scales. Treating impulsivity as a multidimensional construct is discussed.

scholarly journals Rapid and sound assessment of well-being within a multi-dimensional approach: The Well-being Numerical Rating Scales (WB-NRSs)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252709
Author(s):  
Andrea Bonacchi ◽  
Francesca Chiesi ◽  
Chloe Lau ◽  
Georgia Marunic ◽  
Donald H. Saklofske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Discriminant Ability

The assessment of well-being remains an important topic for many disciplines including medical, psychological, social, educational, and economic fields. The present study assesses the reliability and validity of a five-item instrument for evaluating physical, psychological, spiritual, relational, and general well-being. This measure uniquely utilizes a segmented numeric version of the visual analog scale in which a respondent selects a whole number that best reflects the intensity of the investigated characteristic. In study one, 939 clinical (i.e., diagnosed with cancer and liver disease with cirrhosis) and non-clinical (i.e., undergraduate students and their family and acquaintances) participants between the ages of 18 to 87 years (M = 47.20 years, SD = 19.62, 54% males) were recruited. Results showed items have strong discriminant ability and the spread of threshold parameters attests to the appropriateness of the response categories. Moreover, convergent and discriminant validity were found with other self-report measures (e.g., depression, anxiety, optimism, well-being) and the measure showed responsiveness to two separate interventions for clinical populations. In study two, 287 Canadian (ages ranged from 18 to 30 years; M = 20.78, SD = 3.32; 23% males) and 342 Italian undergraduate psychology students (age ranged from 18 to 29 years, M = 21.21 years, SD = 1.73, 38% males) were recruited to complete self-report questionnaires. IRT-based differential item functioning analyses provided evidence that the item properties were similar for the Italian and English versions of the scale. Additionally, the validity results obtained in study one were replicated and similar relationships between criterion variables were found when comparing the Italian- and the English-speaking samples. Overall, the current study provides evidence that the Italian and English versions of the WB-NRSs offer added value in research focused on well-being and in assessing well-being changes prompted by intervention programs.

Assessing Social Desirability in Family Self-Report

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Fristad
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Family Assessment ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Pencil And Paper ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Suppressor Variable

This study focused on social desirability in family members' self-reports. 32 clinical families (93 family members) were given self-report measures from the McMaster and Circumplex family-assessment models and a measure of social desirability. Clinicians assessed these families on clinical rating scales from the same models. Regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between self-reports, social desirability scores, and clinicians' ratings. It was expected that social desirability would be a suppressor variable (i.e., when accounted for, the similarity between clinicians' and family members' ratings would be enhanced). This did not occur; instead, social desirability was significantly but negatively correlated with ratings of pathology. Results provide evidence that correcting for social desirability on clinical pencil-and-paper tests is not supported.

Indirect Assessment of Attitudes with Response-Time-Based Measures

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Degner ◽  
Dirk Wentura ◽  
Klaus Rothermund
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Scale Theory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Predicting Behavior ◽  
Social Cognitive Theories

Abstract: We review research on response-latency based (“implicit”) measures of attitudes by examining what hopes and intentions researchers have associated with their usage. We identified the hopes of (1) gaining better measures of interindividual differences in attitudes as compared to self-report measures (quality hope); (2) better predicting behavior, or predicting other behaviors, as compared to self-reports (incremental validity hope); (3) linking social-cognitive theories more adequately to empirical research (theory-link hope). We argue that the third hope should be the starting point for using these measures. Any attempt to improve these measures should include the search for a small-scale theory that adequately explains the basic effects found with such a measure. To date, small-scale theories for different measures are not equally well developed.

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