Genes coding for LysM domains in the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum: A transcription analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia Lopes ◽  
Tamires A Bitencourt ◽  
Elza A S Lang ◽  
Pablo R Sanches ◽  
Nalu T A Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Transcription Analysis ◽  
Lysm Domain ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
In Silico Analyses

Abstract The filamentous fungus Trichophyton rubrum is a pathogen that causes superficial mycoses in humans, predominantly in keratinized tissues. The occurrence of dermatophytoses has increased in the last decades, mainly in immunocompromised patients, warranting research on the mechanisms involved in dermatophyte virulence. The genomes of dermatophytes are known to be enriched in genes coding for proteins containing the LysM domain, a carbohydrate-binding module, indicating the possible involvement of these genes in virulence. Although the LysM domains have already been described in other fungi, their biological functions in dermatophytes are unknown. Here we assessed the transcription of genes encoding proteins containing the LysM domains in T. rubrum grown on different substrates using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Some of these genes showed changes in transcription levels when T. rubrum was grown on keratin. In silico analyses suggest that some of these proteins share features, namely, they are anchored in the plasma membrane and contain the catalytic domain chitinase II and signal peptide domains. Here we show a detailed study of genes encoding the proteins with LysM-containing domains in T. rubrum, aiming to contribute to the understanding of their functions in dermatophytes.

scholarly journals The Yeast Signal Sequence Trap Identifies Secreted Proteins of the Hemibiotrophic Corn Pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1325-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorrit-Jan Krijger ◽  
Ralf Horbach ◽  
Michael Behr ◽  
Patrick Schweizer ◽  
Holger B. Deising ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Graminicola ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The hemibiotroph Colletotrichum graminicola is the causal agent of stem rot and leaf anthracnose on Zea mays. Following penetration of epidermal cells, the fungus enters a short biotrophic phase, followed by a destructive necrotrophic phase of pathogenesis. During both phases, secreted fungal proteins are supposed to determine progress and success of the infection. To identify genes encoding such proteins, we constructed a yeast signal sequence trap (YSST) cDNA-library from RNA extracted from mycelium grown in vitro on corn cell walls and leaf extract. Of the 103 identified unigenes, 50 showed significant similarities to genes with a reported function, 25 sequences were similar to genes without a known function, and 28 sequences showed no similarity to entries in the databases. Macroarray hybridization and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmed that most genes identified by the YSST screen are expressed in planta. Other than some genes that were constantly expressed, a larger set showed peaks of transcript abundances at specific phases of pathogenesis. Another set exhibited biphasic expression with peaks at the biotrophic and necrotrophic phase. Transcript analyses of in vitro-grown cultures revealed that several of the genes identified by the YSST screen were induced by the addition of corn leaf components, indicating that host-derived factors may have mimicked the host milieu.

Variability among members of the Hor-2 multigene family

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kanazin ◽  
Evgeny Ananiev ◽  
Tom Blake
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Reaction Sequence ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Barley Genotypes

The hordeins comprise the major prolamin storage proteins of barley. Two major and one minor gene families encode these alcohol-soluble proteins. The Hor-2 gene family encoding the B-hordeins has been estimated to contain 15–30 copies. Although several genes encoding B-hordeins have been cloned and sequenced, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for the generation of the enormous genetic variability at this locus. Polymerase chain reaction sequence amplification provided a simple technique that permitted the amplification of the Hor-2 gene family members from the genomes of several barley genotypes. Sequence analysis of clones permitted the identification of a region within the Hor-2 structural gene that appears to undergo recombinational and slippage-like gene conversion events. In this report we describe variability of the B-hordein genes, possible mechanisms responsible for it, and implications this may have on the evolution of prolamin-encoding gene families.Key words: barley, hordeins, polymerase chain reaction, polymorphism.

NB-LRR gene family required for Rsc4-mediated resistance to Soybean mosaic virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Jin Long Yin ◽  
Cui Li ◽  
Da Gang Wang ◽  
Yong Qing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Chromosome 14 ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Bean Pod Mottle Virus ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes one of the most destructive viral diseases in soybean (Glycine max). The soybean cultivar Dabaima carries the Rsc4 gene for SMV resistance. The genomic region containing Rsc4 was previously localised within a 100-kb region on chromosome 14. The corresponding region contains three complete nucleotide-binding site (NB) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) type genes and one incomplete gene that is likely non-functional. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that three candidate genes encoding NB-LRR proteins were differentially expressed in resistant and susceptible lines when the plants were inoculated with SMV strain SC4. To test the involvement of the three candidate genes in Rsc4 mediated resistance, the three genes were silenced using a Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV)-based vector construct. Silencing of three candidate genes attenuated the Rsc4-mediated resistance and induced SMV symptoms in Dabaima plants. Moreover, Rsc4 candidate genes were 78% downregulated when compared with the empty BPMV vector-treated plants. From these results, we concluded that at least one of the three candidate genes encoding NB-LRR proteins is required for Rsc4 resistance to SMV.

The genes encoding granule-bound starch synthases at the waxy loci of the A, B, and D progenitors of common wheat

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuling Yan ◽  
Mrinal Bhave ◽  
Robert Fairclough ◽  
Christine Konik ◽  
Sadequr Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Waxy Gene ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Granule Bound Starch Synthase

Three genes encoding granule-bound starch synthase (wx-TmA, wx-TsB, and wx-TtD) have been isolated from Triticum monococcum (AA), and Triticum speltoides (BB), by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach, and from Triticum tauschii (DD), by screening a genomic DNA library. Multiple sequence alignment indicated that the wx-TmA, wx-TsB, and wx-TtD genes had the same extron and (or) intron structure as the previously reported waxy gene from barley. The lengths of the three wx-TmA, wx-TsB, and wx-TtD genes were 2834 bp, 2826 bp, and 2893 bp, respectively, each covering 31 bp in the untranslated leader and the entire coding region consisting of 11 exons and 10 introns. The three genes had identical lengths of exons, except exon1, and shared over 95% identity with each other within the exon regions. The majority of introns were significantly variable in length and sequence, differing mainly in length (1-57 bp) as a result of insertion and (or) deletion events. The deduced amino acid sequence from these three genes indicated that the mature WX-TMA, -TSB, and -TTD proteins contained the same number of amino acids, but differed in predicted molecular weight and isoelectric point (pI) due to amino acid substitutions (13-18). The predicted physical characteristics of the WX proteins matched the respective proteins in wheat very closely, but the match was not perfect. Furthermore the exon5 sequences of the wx-TmA, wx-TsB, and wx-TtD genes were different from a cDNA encoding a waxy gene of common wheat previously reported. The striking difference was that an insertion of 11 amino acids occurred in the cDNA sequence that could not be observed in the exons of the A, B, and D genes. It was noted, however, that the 3prime end of intron4 of these genes could account for the additional 11 amino acids. The sequence information from the available waxy genes identified the intron4-exon5-intron5 region as being diagnostic for sequence variation in waxy. The sequence variation in the waxy genes provides the basis for primer design to distinguish the respective genes in common wheat, and its progenitors, using PCR. Key words: Angiosperms, Poaceae, Triticeae, Triticum monococcum, Triticium speltoides, Triticum tauschii, granule-bound starch synthase, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), molecular evolution.

scholarly journals Transcription Analysis of the Beta-Glucosidase Precursor in Wild-Type and l- 4 i Mutant Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lequn Kang ◽  
Fei Huang ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Qiaoling Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Transcription Analysis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Beta Glucosidase

Abstract Lethal fourth-instar larvae ( l- 4 i ) mutant of Bombyx mori , a recently discovered novel mutant, die from energy depletion due to genetic mutation. Beta-glucosidase is a common digestive enzyme that hydrolyzes cellulose in the diet to provide energy. In this study, the mRNA expression profiles of B. mori beta-glucosidase precursor ( BmpreBG ) were characterized by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The transcription level of BmpreBG varied in different tissues and developmental stages, except in the pupa and moth, which are the no-diet period. Remarkably, the mRNA expression level of BmpreBG was sharply reduced in l- 4 i but not in the wild type, which suggested that the digestive function of the mutant was severely damaged. This was consistent with the l- 4 i phenotypic traits of not eating mulberries, lack of energy, and ultimate death. 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends showed, for the first time, that BmpreBG has a 160-bp 5′-untranslated region. These findings suggested that B. mori β-glucosidase precursor was involved in the death process of l- 4 i mutant larvae.

Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Listeria monocytogenes on Frankfurters Using Oligonucleotide Primers Targeting the Genes Encoding Internalin AB

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
YONG SOO JUNG ◽  
JOSEPH F. FRANK ◽  
ROBERT E. BRACKETT ◽  
JINRU CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Oligonucleotide Primers ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Pure Cell ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the genes encoding internalin AB (inlAB) was developed for detecting Listeria monocytogenes in pure cell cultures and on artificially contaminated frankfurters. Four sets of oligonucleotide primers were evaluated. The set targeting a 902-bp region of the inlAB gene was the most specific. This PCR product was detected in 51 L. monocytogenes strains belonging to four different serogroups (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b). In contrast, the PCR product was not detected in other Listeria spp. (Listeria innocua, Listeria ivanovii, Listeria seeligeri, Listeria welshimeri, or Listeria grayi) or in gram-positive, non-Listeria bacteria, indicating that the primer set was highly specific for L. monocytogenes. The detection limit of the PCR assay was 105 CFU per ml of pure cell culture. However, the assay could detect as few as 101 CFU of L. monocytogenes in 25 g of frankfurter with 16 h of enrichment in modified Listeria enrichment broth at 30°C. The total assay time including enrichment was approximately 24 h. These results suggest that the PCR assay can be used to rapidly detect L. monocytogenes on frankfurters and possibly other types of ready-to-eat meat products.

Involvement of MTHFR and TPMT genes in susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Mexicans

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossyneidee Gutiérrez-Álvarez ◽  
Ismael Lares-Asseff ◽  
Carlos Galaviz-Hernández ◽  
Elio-Aarón Reyes-Espinoza ◽  
Horacio Almanza-Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Control Study

AbstractFolate metabolism plays an essential role in the processes of DNA synthesis and methylation. Deviations in the folate flux resulting from single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding folate-dependent enzymes may affect the susceptibility to leukemia. This case-control study aimed to assess associations amongDNA samples obtained from 70 children with ALL and 152 age-matched controls (range, 1–15 years) were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to detect: The frequency of the: The

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance and Expression Of Resistance-Nodulation-Division Pump- and Outer Membrane Porin-Encoding Genes inAcinetobacterSpecies Isolated from Canadian Hospitals

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Fernando ◽  
George Zhanel ◽  
Ayush Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Resistance Nodulation Division ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Encoding Genes

BACKGROUND: Bacterial pathogens belonging to the genusAcinetobactercause serious infections in immunocompromised individuals that are very difficult to treat due to their extremely high resistance to many antibiotics.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of resistance-nodulation-division (RND) pumps and porins in the antibiotic resistance ofAcinetobacterspecies collected from Canadian hospitals.METHODS: Clinical isolates ofAcinetobacterspecies collected from Canadian hospitals were analyzed for the expression of genes encoding RND pumps (adeB,adeG,adeJ,AciBau_2746and AciBau_2436) and outer membrane porins (carO, 33 kDa porin andoprD) using quantitative reverse transcription (qRT) polymerase chain reaction. Species identification of the isolates was performed using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method forgyrB.RESULTS: The expression of RND pump-encoding genes was widespread in the clinical isolates ofAcinetobacterspecies, with each of the isolates expressing at least one RND pump.adeGwas found to be overexpressed in all of the isolates, whileadeBwas found to be overexpressed in only two isolates. Among the porin-encoding genes, the expression ofcarOwas considerably downregulated among the majority of isolates.CONCLUSION: The present study was the first to analyze the expression of RND pump- and porin-encoding genes in the clinical isolates ofAcinetobacterspecies from Canadian hospitals. The overexpression of genes encoding RND pumps and the downregulation of genes encoding porins was common in clinical isolates ofAcinetobacterspecies from Canadian hospitals, with the AdeFGH pump being the most commonly expressed RND pump.

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