scholarly journals The complete local volume groups sample – III. Characteristics of group central radio galaxies in the Local Universe

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (2) ◽  
pp. 2488-2504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Kolokythas ◽  
Ewan O’Sullivan ◽  
Huib Intema ◽  
Somak Raychaudhury ◽  
Arif Babul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Radio Emission ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Very Large Array ◽  
Galaxy Groups ◽  
Local Volume ◽  
Radio Jets ◽  
Radio Detection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Poor Group

ABSTRACT Using new 610 and 235 MHz observations from the giant metrewave radio telescope (GMRT) in combination with archival GMRT and very large array (VLA) survey data, we present the radio properties of the dominant early-type galaxies in the low-richness subsample of the complete local-volume groups sample (CLoGS; 27 galaxy groups) and provide results for the radio properties of the full CLoGS sample for the first time. We find a high radio detection rate in the dominant galaxies of the low-richness subsample of 82 per cent (22/27); for the full CLoGS sample the detection rate is 87 per cent (46/53). The group-dominant galaxies exhibit a wide range of radio power, 1020–1025 W Hz−1 in the 235 and 610 MHz bands, with the majority (53 per cent) presenting point-like radio emission, 19 per cent hosting currently active radio jets, 6 per cent having remnant jets, 9 per cent being diffuse, and 13 per cent having no detected radio emission. The mean spectral index of the detected radio sources in the 235−610 MHz frequency range is found to be $\alpha _{235}^{610}\sim$0.68, and $\alpha _{235}^{1400}\sim$0.59 in the 235−1400 MHz one. In agreement with earlier studies, we find that the fraction of ultrasteep spectrum sources (α > 1.3) is ∼4 per cent, mostly dependent on the detection limit at 235 MHz. The majority of point-like systems are found to reside in dynamically young groups, whereas jet systems show no preference between spiral-rich and spiral-poor group environments. The mechanical power of the jet sources in the low-richness sample groups is estimated to be ∼1042–1044 erg s−1 with their black hole masses ranging between 2 × 108 and 5 × 109 M⊙. We confirm previous findings that while radio jet sources tend to be associated with more massive black holes, black hole mass is not the decisive factor in determining jet activity or power.

scholarly journals The relation between the diffuse X-ray luminosity and the radio power of the central AGN in galaxy groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 497 (2) ◽  
pp. 2163-2174
Author(s):  
T Pasini ◽  
M Brüggen ◽  
F de Gasperin ◽  
L Bîrzan ◽  
E O’Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Emission ◽  
Galaxy Clusters ◽  
Active Galactic Nucleus ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Radio Galaxies ◽  
Very Large Array ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Galaxy Groups ◽  
Hydrodynamical Simulations

ABSTRACT Our understanding of how active galactic nucleus feedback operates in galaxy clusters has improved in recent years owing to large efforts in multiwavelength observations and hydrodynamical simulations. However, it is much less clear how feedback operates in galaxy groups, which have shallower gravitational potentials. In this work, using very deep Very Large Array and new MeerKAT observations from the MIGHTEE survey, we compiled a sample of 247 X-ray selected galaxy groups detected in the COSMOS field. We have studied the relation between the X-ray emission of the intra-group medium and the 1.4 GHz radio emission of the central radio galaxy. For comparison, we have also built a control sample of 142 galaxy clusters using ROSAT and NVSS data. We find that clusters and groups follow the same correlation between X-ray and radio emission. Large radio galaxies hosted in the centres of groups and merging clusters increase the scatter of the distribution. Using statistical tests and Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the correlation is not dominated by biases or selection effects. We also find that galaxy groups are more likely than clusters to host large radio galaxies, perhaps owing to the lower ambient gas density or a more efficient accretion mode. In these groups, radiative cooling of the intra-cluster medium could be less suppressed by active galactic nucleus heating. We conclude that the feedback processes that operate in galaxy clusters are also effective in groups.

scholarly journals Radio morphology of southern narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies with Very Large Array observations*

2020 ◽  
Vol 498 (1) ◽  
pp. 1278-1297
Author(s):  
S Chen ◽  
E Järvelä ◽  
L Crepaldi ◽  
M Zhou ◽  
S Ciroi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Radio Emission ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Large Array ◽  
Narrow Line ◽  
Diffuse Emission ◽  
Jets And Outflows ◽  
Very Large Array ◽  
Radio Jets ◽  
New Radio

ABSTRACT We present the results of new radio observations carried out with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array C-configuration at 5.5 GHz for a sample of southern narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s). This work increases the number of known radio-detected NLS1s in the Southern hemisphere, and confirms that the radio emission of NLS1s is mainly concentrated in a central region at kpc-scale and only a few sources show diffuse emission. In radio-quiet NLS1s, the radio luminosity tends to be higher in steep-spectrum sources and be lower in flat-spectrum sources, which is opposite to radio-loud NLS1s. This may be because the radio emission of steep NLS1s is dominated by misaligned jets, active galactic nucleus driven outflows, or star formation superposing on a compact core. Instead the radio emission of flat NLS1s may be produced by a central core that has not yet developed radio jets and outflows. We discover new NLS1s harbouring kpc-scale radio jets and confirm that a powerful jet does not require a large-mass black hole to be generated. We also find sources dominated by star formation. These NLS1s could be new candidates in investigating the radio emission of different mechanisms.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Fraction of Radio-Loud Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies with LoTSS DR1

Universe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Liang Fan
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Narrow Line ◽  
Black Hole Mass ◽  
Radio Flux ◽  
Central Black Hole ◽  
Radio Detection ◽  
Lower Redshift

Radio-Loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s), especially the extremely radio-loud ones, are widely accepted as the jetted versions of NLS1s. We explore the radio-loud fraction for NLS1s with recently released LoTSS DR1 at 150 MHz. The radio detection rate is about 28% for LoTSS DR1. The radio detected NLS1s have lower redshift than the non-detected ones. Moreover, the 150 MHz radio luminosities of NLS1s detected by LoTSS are about two orders of magnitude weaker than those of the previous samples. By defining the radio loudness with the ratio between 150 MHz radio flux and SDSS r band flux, the radio-loud fraction is about 1% with the critical radio loudness equalling 100. Radio loudness shows no dependence on central black hole mass, while weak correlations are found between radio loudness and disk luminosity, as well as Eddington ratio.

scholarly journals The AGN fuelling/feedback cycle in nearby radio galaxies – III. 3D relative orientations of radio jets and CO discs and their interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 499 (4) ◽  
pp. 5719-5731
Author(s):  
Ilaria Ruffa ◽  
Robert A Laing ◽  
Isabella Prandoni ◽  
Rosita Paladino ◽  
Paola Parma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Galaxies ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Very Large Array ◽  
Radio Jets ◽  
Rotation Axes ◽  
Feedback Cycle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Disc Rotation ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT This is the third paper of a series exploring the multifrequency properties of a sample of eleven nearby low-excitation radio galaxies (LERGs) in the southern sky. We are conducting an extensive study of different galaxy components (stars, dust, warm and cold gas, radio jets) with the aim of better understanding the AGN fuelling/feedback cycle in LERGs. Here, we present new, deep, sub-kpc resolution Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) data for five sample sources at 10 GHz. Coupling these data with previously acquired Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) CO(2–1) observations and measurements of comparable quality from the literature, we carry out for the first time a full 3D analysis of the relative orientations of jet and disc rotation axes in six FR I LERGs. This analysis shows (albeit with significant uncertainties) that the relative orientation angles span a wide range (≈30○–60○). There is no case where both axes are accurately aligned and there is a marginally significant tendency for jets to avoid the disc plane. Our study also provides further evidence for the presence of a jet-CO disc interaction (already inferred from other observational indicators) in at least one source, NGC 3100. In this case, the limited extent of the radio jets, along with distortions in both the molecular gas and the jet components, suggest that the jets are young, interacting with the surrounding matter and rapidly decelerating.

scholarly journals Fundamental differences in the radio properties of red and blue quasars: enhanced compact AGN emission in red quasars

2020 ◽  
Vol 494 (4) ◽  
pp. 4802-4818 ◽  
Author(s):  
V A Fawcett ◽  
D M Alexander ◽  
D J Rosario ◽  
L Klindt ◽  
S Fotopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Radio Emission ◽  
Sloan Digital Sky Survey ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Very Large Array ◽  
Radio Detection ◽  
Extended Radio ◽  
Sky Survey ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT We have recently used the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-centimeters (FIRST) survey to show that red quasars have fundamentally different radio properties to typical blue quasars: a significant (factor ≈3) enhancement in the radio-detection fraction, which arises from systems around the radio-quiet threshold with compact (<5 arcsec) radio morphologies. To gain greater insight into these physical differences, here we use the DR14 Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and more sensitive, higher resolution radio data from the Very Large Array (VLA) Stripe 82 (S82) and VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz (C3GHz) surveys. With the S82 data, we perform morphological analyses at a resolution and depth three times that of the FIRST radio survey, and confirm an enhancement in radio-faint and compact red quasars over typical quasars; we now also find tentative evidence for an enhancement in red quasars with slightly extended radio structures (16–43 kpc at z = 1.5). These analyses are complemented by C3GHz, which is deep enough to detect radio emission from star-formation processes. From our data we find that the radio enhancement from red quasars is due to AGN activity on compact scales (≲43 kpc) for radio-intermediate–radio-quiet sources (−5 < $\mathcal {R}$ < −3.4, where $\mathcal {R}$ = $L_{\rm{1.4\,GHz}}/L_{6\mu\text{m}}$), which decreases at $\mathcal {R}$ < −5 as the radio emission from star-formation starts to dilute the AGN component. Overall our results argue against a simple orientation scenario and are consistent with red quasars representing a younger, earlier phase in the overall evolution of quasars.

scholarly journals Radio loudness along the quasar main sequence

2019 ◽  
Vol 630 ◽  
pp. A110 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ganci ◽  
P. Marziani ◽  
M. D’Onofrio ◽  
A. del Olmo ◽  
E. Bon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Radio Emission ◽  
Spectral Type ◽  
Main Sequence ◽  
Flux Ratio ◽  
Sloan Digital Sky Survey ◽  
Very Large Array ◽  
Black Hole Binaries ◽  
Line Region ◽  
Sky Survey

Context. When can an active galactic nucleus (AGN) be considered radio loud (RL)? Following the established view of the AGNs inner workings, an AGN is RL if associated with relativistic ejections emitting a radio synchrotron spectrum (i.e., it is a “jetted” AGN). In this paper we exploit the AGN main sequence that offers a powerful tool to contextualize radio properties. Aims. If large samples of optically-selected quasars are considered, AGNs are identified as RL if their Kellermann’s radio loudness ratio RK >  10. Our aims are to characterize the optical properties of different classes based on radio loudness within the main sequence and to test whether the condition RK >  10 is sufficient for the identification of RL AGNs, since the origin of relatively strong radio emission may not be necessarily due to relativistic ejection. Methods. A sample of 355 quasars was selected by cross-correlating the Very Large Array Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters survey (FIRST) with the twelfth release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog published in 2017. We classified the optical spectra according to their spectral types along the main sequence of quasars. For each spectral type, we distinguished compact and extended morphology (providing a FIRST-based atlas of radio maps in the latter case), and three classes of radio loudness: detected ( specific flux ratio in the g band and at 1.4 GHz, R′K < 10), intermediate (10 ≤ R′K < 70), and RL (R′K ≥ 70). Results. The analysis revealed systematic differences between radio-detected (i.e., radio-quiet), radio-intermediate, and RL classes in each spectral type along the main sequence. We show that spectral bins that contain the extreme Population A sources have radio power compatible with emission by mechanisms ultimately due to star formation processes. RL sources of Population B are characteristically jetted. Their broad Hβ profiles can be interpreted as due to a binary broad-line region. We suggest that RL Population B sources should be preferential targets for the search of black hole binaries, and present a sample of binary black hole AGN candidates. Conclusions. The validity of the Kellermann’s criterion may be dependent on the source location along the quasar main sequence. The consideration of the main sequence trends allowed us to distinguish between sources whose radio emission mechanisms is jetted from the ones where the mechanism is likely to be fundamentally different.

scholarly journals Probing the Wind Component of Radio Emission in Luminous High-redshift Quasars

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (6) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Gordon T. Richards ◽  
Trevor V. McCaffrey ◽  
Amy Kimball ◽  
Amy L. Rankine ◽  
James H. Matthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Radio Emission ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Accretion Disk ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Nonlinear Function ◽  
Wind Component ◽  
Radio Observations ◽  
Very Large Array ◽  
Radio Detection

Abstract We discuss a probe of the contribution of wind-related shocks to the radio emission in otherwise radio-quiet quasars. Given (1) the nonlinear correlation between UV and X-ray luminosity in quasars, (2) that such a correlation leads to higher likelihood of radiation-line-driven winds in more luminous quasars, and (3) that luminous quasars are more abundant at high redshift, deep radio observations of high-redshift quasars are needed to probe potential contributions from accretion disk winds. We target a sample of 50 z ≃ 1.65 color-selected quasars that span the range of expected accretion disk wind properties as traced by broad C iv emission. 3 GHz observations with the Very Large Array to an rms of ≈10 μJy beam−1 probe to star formation rates of ∼400 M ⊙ yr−1, leading to 22 detections. Supplementing these pointed observations are survey data of 388 sources from the LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey Data Release 1 that reach comparable depth (for a typical radio spectral index), where 123 sources are detected. These combined observations reveal a radio detection fraction that is a nonlinear function of C iv emission-line properties and suggest that the data may require multiple origins of radio emission in radio-quiet quasars. We find evidence for radio emission from weak jets or coronae in radio-quiet quasars with low Eddington ratios, with either (or both) star formation and accretion disk winds playing an important role in optically luminous quasars and correlated with increasing Eddington ratio. Additional pointed radio observations are needed to fully establish the nature of radio emission in radio-quiet quasars.

scholarly journals Gaseous Disks in the Nuclei of Elliptical Galaxies

1997 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 620-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ford ◽  
Z. Tsvetanov ◽  
L. Ferrarese ◽  
G. Kriss ◽  
W. Jaffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Accretion Disks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Elliptical Galaxies ◽  
Central Mass ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
Radio Jets

AbstractHST images have led to the discovery that small (r ~ 1″ r ~ 100 – 200 pc), well-defined, gaseous disks are common in the nuclei of elliptical galaxies. Measurements of rotational velocities in the disks provide a means to measure the central mass and search for massive black holes in the parent galaxies. The minor axes of these disks are closely aligned with the directions of the large–scale radio jets, suggesting that it is angular momentum of the disk rather than that of the black hole that determines the direction of the radio jets. Because the disks are directly observable, we can study the disks themselves, and investigate important questions which cannot be directly addressed with observations of the smaller and unresolved central accretion disks. In this paper we summarize what has been learned to date in this rapidly unfolding new field.

scholarly journals High-sensitivity radio study of the non-thermal stellar bow shock EB27

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Benaglia ◽  
Santiago del Palacio ◽  
Christopher Hales ◽  
Marcelo E Colazo
Keyword(s):  
Radio Emission ◽  
Massive Star ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Bow Shock ◽  
Relativistic Electrons ◽  
Polarimetric Observation ◽  
Very Large Array ◽  
Thermal Radio Emission ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Linear Polarisation

Abstract We present a deep radio-polarimetric observation of the stellar bow shock EB27 associated to the massive star BD+43○3654. This is the only stellar bow shock confirmed to have non-thermal radio emission. We used the Jansky Very Large Array in S band (2–4 GHz) to test whether this synchrotron emission is polarised. The unprecedented sensitivity achieved allowed us to map even the fainter regions of the bow shock, revealing that the more diffuse emission is steeper and the bow shock brighter than previously reported. No linear polarisation is detected in the bow shock above 0.5%, although we detected polarised emission from two southern sources, probably extragalactic in nature. We modeled the intensity and morphology of the radio emission to better constrain the magnetic field and injected power in relativistic electrons. Finally, we derived a set of more precise parameters for the system EB27–BD+43○3654 using Gaia Early Data Release 3, including the spatial velocity. The new trajectory, back in time, intersects the core of the Cyg OB2 association.

scholarly journals Event Horizon Telescope observations of the jet launching and collimation in Centaurus A

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Janssen ◽  
Heino Falcke ◽  
Matthias Kadler ◽  
Eduardo Ros ◽  
Maciek Wielgus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Event Horizon ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Radio Jets ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Terahertz Frequencies ◽  
Source Structure ◽  
Centaurus A

AbstractVery-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of active galactic nuclei at millimetre wavelengths have the power to reveal the launching and initial collimation region of extragalactic radio jets, down to 10–100 gravitational radii (rg ≡ GM/c2) scales in nearby sources1. Centaurus A is the closest radio-loud source to Earth2. It bridges the gap in mass and accretion rate between the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in Messier 87 and our Galactic Centre. A large southern declination of −43° has, however, prevented VLBI imaging of Centaurus A below a wavelength of 1 cm thus far. Here we show the millimetre VLBI image of the source, which we obtained with the Event Horizon Telescope at 228 GHz. Compared with previous observations3, we image the jet of Centaurus A at a tenfold higher frequency and sixteen times sharper resolution and thereby probe sub-lightday structures. We reveal a highly collimated, asymmetrically edge-brightened jet as well as the fainter counterjet. We find that the source structure of Centaurus A resembles the jet in Messier 87 on ~500 rg scales remarkably well. Furthermore, we identify the location of Centaurus A’s SMBH with respect to its resolved jet core at a wavelength of 1.3 mm and conclude that the source’s event horizon shadow4 should be visible at terahertz frequencies. This location further supports the universal scale invariance of black holes over a wide range of masses5,6.

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