Markers of oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle of patients on haemodialysis

The effect of oral glutathione (GSH) supplementation was studied in obese subjects with and without type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on measures of glucose homeostasis and markers of oxidative stress. Twenty subjects (10 patients with T2DM and 10 obese subjects) were recruited for the study, and randomized in a double-blinded placebo-controlled manner to consume either 1000mg GSH per day or placebo for three weeks. Before and after the 3 weeks insulin sensitivity was measured with the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and a muscle biopsy was obtained to measure GSH and skeletal muscle mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) emission rate. Whole body insulin sensitivity increased significantly in the GSH group. Skeletal muscle GSH was numerically increased (app. 19%) in the GSH group, no change was seen in GSH to glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial H2O2 emission rate did not change in response to the intervention and neither did the urinary excretion of the RNA oxidation product 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo) or the DNA oxidation product 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG ), although 8-oxodG decreased as a main effect of time. Oral GSH supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in obese subjects with and without T2DM, although it does not alter markers of oxidative stress. The study has been registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02948673). Novelty bullets: • Reduced glutathione supplementation increases insulin sensitivity in obese subjects with and without type 2 diabetes • H2O2 emission rate from skeletal muscle mitochondria was not affected by glutathione supplementation

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Melatonin: a novel strategy for prevention of obesity and fat accumulation in peripheral organs through the improvements of circadian rhythms and antioxidative capacity

Melatonin Research ◽

10.32794/mr11250048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 58-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bohan Rong ◽

Qiong Wu ◽

Chao Sun

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Circadian Rhythms ◽

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Antioxidative Capacity ◽

Unicellular Alga ◽

Peripheral Tissues ◽

Peripheral Organs ◽

Regulatory Effects ◽

Novel Strategy

Melatonin is a well-known molecule for its involvement in circadian rhythm regulation and its contribution to protection against oxidative stress in organisms including unicellular alga, animals and plants. Currently, the bio-regulatory effects of melatonin on the physiology of various peripheral tissues have drawn a great attention of scientists. Although melatonin was previously defined as a neurohormone secreted from pineal gland, recently it has been identified that virtually, every cell has the capacity to synthesize melatonin and the locally generated melatonin has multiple pathophysiological functions, including regulations of obesity and metabolic syndromes. Herein, we focus on the effects of melatonin on fat deposition in various peripheral organs/tissues. The two important regulatory mechanisms related to the topic, i.e., the improvements of circadian rhythms and antioxidative capacity will be thoroughly discussed since they are linked to several biomarkers involved in obesity and energy imbalance, including metabolism and immunity. Furthermore, several other functions of melatonin which may serve to prevent or promote obesity and energy dysmetabolism-induced pathological states are also addressed. The organs of special interest include liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and the gut microbiota.

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