scholarly journals Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guideline on Closure of Myelomeningocele Within 48 Hours to Decrease Infection Risk

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. E412-E413
Author(s):  
Alexandra D Beier ◽  
Dimitrios C Nikas ◽  
Nadege Assassi ◽  
David F Bauer ◽  
Jeffrey P Blount ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Infection ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Infection Complication ◽  
Global Increase

Abstract BACKGROUND Appropriate timing for closure of myelomeningocele (MM) varies in the literature. Older studies present 48 h as the timeframe after which infection complication rates rise. OBJECTIVE The objective of this guideline is to determine if closing the MM within 48 h decreases the risk of wound infection or ventriculitis. METHODS The Guidelines Task Force developed search terms and strategies used to search PubMed and Embase for relevant literature published between 1966 and September 2016. Strict inclusion/exclusion criteria were used to screen abstracts and to develop a list of relevant articles for full-text review. Full text articles were then reviewed and when appropriate, included in the evidentiary table. The class of evidence was evaluated, discussed, and assigned to each study that met inclusion criteria. RESULTS A total of 148 abstracts were identified and reviewed. A total of 31 articles were selected for full text analysis. Only 4 of these studies met inclusion criteria. CONCLUSION There is insufficient evidence that operating within 48 h decreases risk of wound infection or ventriculitis in 1 Class III study. There is 1 Class III study that provides evidence of global increase in postoperative infection after 48 h, but is not specific to wound infection or ventriculitis. There is 1 Class III study that provides evidence if surgery is going to be delayed greater than 48 h, antibiotics should be given. The full guideline can be found at https://www.cns.org/guidelines/guidelines-spina-bifida-chapter-4.

scholarly journals Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guideline on the Incidence of Shunt-Dependent Hydrocephalus in Infants With Myelomeningocele After Prenatal Versus Postnatal Repair

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. E405-E408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep S Tamber ◽  
Ann Marie Flannery ◽  
Catherine McClung-Smith ◽  
Nadege Assassi ◽  
David F Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Text ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Fetal Surgery ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion ◽  
Level I ◽  
Prenatal Surgery

Abstract BACKGROUND Myelomeningocele (MM) is a condition that is responsible for considerable morbidity in the pediatric population. A significant proportion of the morbidity related to MM is attributable to hydrocephalus and the surgical management thereof. Postnatal repair remains the most common form of treatment; however, increased rates of prenatal diagnosis, advances in fetal surgery, and a hypothesis that neural injury continues in utero until the MM defect is repaired have led to the development and evaluation of prenatal surgery as a means to improve outcomes in afflicted infants. OBJECTIVE The objective of this guideline is to systematically evaluate the literature to determine whether there is a difference in the proportion of patients who develop shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in infants who underwent prenatal MM repair compared to infants who had postnatal repair. METHODS The Guidelines Task Force developed search terms and strategies used to search PubMed and Embase for relevant literature published between 1966 and September 2016. Strict inclusion/exclusion criteria were used to screen abstracts and to develop a list of relevant articles for full-text review. Full-text articles were then reviewed, and when appropriate, included as evidence. RESULTS A total of 87 abstracts were identified and reviewed by 3 independent reviewers. Thirty-nine full-text articles were selected for analysis. Three studies met selection criteria and were included in the evidence table. CONCLUSION Class I evidence from 1 study and class III evidence from 2 studies suggest that, in comparison to postnatal repair, prenatal surgery for MM reduces the risk of developing shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. Therefore, prenatal repair of MM is recommended for those fetuses who meet specific criteria for prenatal surgery to reduce the risk of developing shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (level I). Differences between prenatal and postnatal repair with respect to the requirement for permanent cerebrospinal fluid diversion should be considered alongside other relevant maternal and fetal factors when deciding upon a preferred method of MM closure.  The full guideline can be found at https://www.cns.org/guidelines/guidelines-spina-bifida-chapter-2.

scholarly journals Electronic Health Interventions for Preventing and Treating Negative Psychological Sequelae Resulting From Pediatric Medical Conditions: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Brook McGar ◽  
Christine Kindler ◽  
Meghan Marsac
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Psychological Sequelae ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Anxiety Depression

BACKGROUND Pediatric medical conditions have the potential to result in challenging psychological symptoms (eg, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms [PTSS]) and impaired health-related quality of life in youth. Thus, effective and accessible interventions are needed to prevent and treat psychological sequelae associated with pediatric medical conditions. Electronic health (eHealth) interventions may help to meet this need, with the capacity to reach more children and families than in-person interventions. Many of these interventions are in their infancy, and we do not yet know what key components contribute to successful eHealth interventions. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to summarize current evidence on the efficacy of eHealth interventions designed to prevent or treat psychological sequelae in youth with medical conditions. METHODS MEDLINE (PubMed) and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies published between January 1, 1998, and March 1, 2019, using predefined search terms. A total of 2 authors independently reviewed titles and abstracts of search results to determine which studies were eligible for full-text review. Reference lists of studies meeting eligibility criteria were reviewed. If the title of a reference suggested that it might be relevant for this review, the full manuscript was reviewed for inclusion. Inclusion criteria required that eligible studies (1) had conducted empirical research on the efficacy of a Web-based intervention for youth with a medical condition, (2) had included a randomized trial as part of the study method, (3) had assessed the outcomes of psychological sequelae (ie, PTSS, anxiety, depression, internalizing symptoms, or quality of life) in youth (aged 0-18 years), their caregivers, or both, (4) had included assessments at 2 or more time points, and (5) were available in English language. RESULTS A total of 1512 studies were reviewed for inclusion based on their title and abstracts; 39 articles qualified for full-text review. Moreover, 22 studies met inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Of the 22 included studies, 13 reported results indicating that eHealth interventions significantly improved at least one component of psychological sequelae in participants. Common characteristics among interventions that showed an effect included content on problem solving, education, communication, and behavior management. Studies most commonly reported on child and caregiver depression, followed by child PTSS and caregiver anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Previous research is mixed but suggests that eHealth interventions may be helpful in alleviating or preventing problematic psychological sequelae in youth with medical conditions and their caregivers. Additional research is needed to advance understanding of the most powerful intervention components and to determine when and how to best disseminate eHealth interventions, with the goal of extending the current reach of psychological interventions.

scholarly journals Strategies for exiting COVID-19 lockdown for workplace and school: a scoping review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela D'Angelo ◽  
Daniela Coclite ◽  
Antonello Napoletano ◽  
Alice Josephine Fauci ◽  
Roberto Latina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Abstract Screening

Objective: The main objectives of this review are to summarise the existing literature and to identify strategies for exiting lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on reopening schools and returning to work. Introduction: After months of strict quarantine, several countries are planning exit strategies to progressively lift social restrictions without giving rise to an increase in the number of COVID-19 cases. Although several strategies have been studied in terms of how and when to relax such stringent constraints, there is a lack of consensus on the optimal strategy for managing the pandemic beyond lockdown. The risks posed by delaying return to work and school openings are real and sizeable, particularly for relevant working sectors and for students from low-income families Inclusion criteria: This review will consider studies that focussed on relaxation strategies for lockdown exit among workers and students facing an epidemic /pandemic crisis. Methods: The searches will be conducted across four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SciSearch, Google Scholar), and the bibliography of all selected studies will be hand-searched. In addition, because the topic is new, relevant literature will be checked using daily, updated COVID-19 collections from NCBI (LitCovid) and MedRxiv servers. Studies published in English, German, Spanish, Italian and French will be included, with no limits on publication dates. This review will consider all study designs, regardless of their rigor. The review method will be based on a two-phase approach: a title and abstract screening, and a full-text review performed by two independent researchers. Data will be summarised and categorised, and results will be presented in a tabular/diagrammatic form.

scholarly journals Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guideline on the Incidence of Tethered Cord Syndrome in Infants With Myelomeningocele With Prenatal Versus Postnatal Repair

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. E417-E419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A Mazzola ◽  
Rachana Tyagi ◽  
Nadege Assassi ◽  
David F Bauer ◽  
Alexandra D Beier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Tethered Cord ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tethered Cord Syndrome ◽  
Folic Acid Deficiency ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Postnatal Closure

Abstract BACKGROUND The incidence of spina bifida (SB) is higher in the developing world as compared to the United States because of folic acid deficiency during pregnancy. Advances in technology have made prenatal repair of myelomeningocele (MM) possible. OBJECTIVE The objective of this guideline was to determine if there is a difference in the rate of development of tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in infants who had prenatal closure compared to infants who had MM repair after birth. METHODS The Guidelines Task Force developed search terms and strategies to search PubMed and Embase for the relevant literature published between 1966 and September 2016. Strict inclusion/exclusion criteria were used. Full text articles were reviewed and, when appropriate, included as evidence. RESULTS A total of 261 abstracts were reviewed. Fifty-four full-text articles were selected for further analysis. Three studies met inclusion criteria. CONCLUSION There was Class II evidence from 1 study and Class III evidence from another 2 studies demonstrating that TCS develops in infants with prenatal MM closure at an equal or higher rate than with postnatal closure. There was an increased risk of development of inclusion cysts in infants who underwent in utero closure. Continued surveillance for TCS and/or the development of inclusion cysts in children with prenatal and postnatal closure of MM is indicated (Level II). Differences between prenatal and postnatal repair with respect to the development of TCS and/or inclusion cysts should be considered alongside other relevant maternal and fetal outcomes when deciding upon a preferred method for MM closure. The full guideline can be found at https://www.cns.org/guidelines/guidelines-spina-bifida-chapter-6.

Use of Big Data in Disaster Recovery: An Integrative Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Rosenblum ◽  
Christopher M. Wend ◽  
Zohaib Akhtar ◽  
Lori Rosman ◽  
Jeffrey D. Freeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
English Language ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Robust Implementation ◽  
Full Text Review

Abstract Objective: Disasters of all varieties have been steadily increasing in frequency. Simultaneously, “big data” has seen explosive growth as a tool in business and private industries while opportunities for robust implementation in disaster management remain nascent. To more explicitly ascertain the current status of big data as applied to disaster recovery, we conducted an integrative literature review. Methods: Eleven databases were searched using iteratively developed keywords to target big data in a disaster recovery context. All studies were dual-screened by title and abstract followed by dual full-text review to determine if they met inclusion criteria. Articles were included if they focused on big data in a disaster recovery setting and were published in the English-language peer-reviewed literature. Results: After removing duplicates, 25,417 articles were originally identified. Following dual title/abstract review and full-text review, 18 studies were included in the final analysis. Among those, 44% were United States-based and 39% focused on hurricane recovery. Qualitative themes emerged surrounding geographic information systems (GIS), social media, and mental health. Conclusions: Big data is an evolving tool for recovery from disasters. More research, particularly in real-time applied disaster recovery settings, is needed to further expand the knowledge base for future applications.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Disasters and Public Health Emergencies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sally Lu ◽  
Gordon A. Christie ◽  
Thanh T. Nguyen ◽  
Jeffrey D. Freeman ◽  
Edbert B. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Emergency Scenarios

Abstract Indexed literature (from 2015 to 2020) on artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and machine learning algorithms (ML) pertaining to disasters and public health emergencies were reviewed. Search strategies were developed and conducted for PubMed and Compendex. Articles that met inclusion criteria were filtered iteratively by title followed by abstract review and full text review. Articles were organized to identify novel approaches and breadth of potential AI applications. A total of 1217 articles were initially retrieved by the search. Upon relevant title review, 1003 articles remained. Following abstract screening, 667 articles remained. Full text review for relevance yielded 202 articles. Articles that met inclusion criteria totaled 56 articles. Those identifying specific roles of AI and ML (17 articles) were grouped by topics highlighting utility of AI and ML in disaster and public health emergency contexts. Development and use of AI and ML have increased dramatically over the past few years. This review discusses and highlights potential contextual applications and limitations of AI and ML in disaster and public health emergency scenarios.

scholarly journals Weighted-Ball Velocity Enhancement Programs for Baseball Pitchers: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 232596711882546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon-Michael E. Caldwell ◽  
Frank J. Alexander ◽  
Christopher S. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Velocity Change ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Ball Velocity ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Baseball Pitchers

Background: Weighted-implement training utilizing over- or underweight baseballs has increased in popularity at all levels in competitive baseball. However, there is no consensus on the efficacy or safety of these training methods. Hypothesis: This systematic review was intended to answer the following questions: Does weighted-ball training improve pitching velocity? Does weighted-ball training increase the risk of injury? Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Searches were conducted with MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the ProQuest Physical Education Index. Articles were included if the study population consisted of adult, adolescent, or youth baseball pitchers training with under- or overweight baseballs, with velocity as a measured outcome. Articles were excluded if they were review articles, examined sports other than baseball, utilized weighted implements other than baseballs, or were not published in peer-reviewed journals. Included articles were at least level 4 evidence. Data extracted for qualitative analysis included training protocol parameters (such as ball weight, number of pitches, duration of training), velocity change, and injuries or complications reported. Results: A total of 4119 article titles were retrieved, of which 156 were selected for abstract review. After manual removal of duplicates, 128 abstracts were reviewed. Of these, 17 met the inclusion criteria, and the full text was obtained. After full-text review, 7 additional articles were excluded, leaving 10 articles that met inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. Conclusion: Weighted-implement training increased pitching velocity in the majority of the included studies. However, the quality of available evidence was determined to be very poor, and there was marked heterogeneity in training protocols, ball weights, and study populations. There was inadequate evidence reported to determine the risk of injury with this type of training.

scholarly journals Electronic Health Interventions for Preventing and Treating Negative Psychological Sequelae Resulting From Pediatric Medical Conditions: Systematic Review

10.2196/12427 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e12427
Author(s):  
Ashley Brook McGar ◽  
Christine Kindler ◽  
Meghan Marsac
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Psychological Sequelae ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background Pediatric medical conditions have the potential to result in challenging psychological symptoms (eg, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms [PTSS]) and impaired health-related quality of life in youth. Thus, effective and accessible interventions are needed to prevent and treat psychological sequelae associated with pediatric medical conditions. Electronic health (eHealth) interventions may help to meet this need, with the capacity to reach more children and families than in-person interventions. Many of these interventions are in their infancy, and we do not yet know what key components contribute to successful eHealth interventions. Objective The primary objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to summarize current evidence on the efficacy of eHealth interventions designed to prevent or treat psychological sequelae in youth with medical conditions. Methods MEDLINE (PubMed) and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies published between January 1, 1998, and March 1, 2019, using predefined search terms. A total of 2 authors independently reviewed titles and abstracts of search results to determine which studies were eligible for full-text review. Reference lists of studies meeting eligibility criteria were reviewed. If the title of a reference suggested that it might be relevant for this review, the full manuscript was reviewed for inclusion. Inclusion criteria required that eligible studies (1) had conducted empirical research on the efficacy of a Web-based intervention for youth with a medical condition, (2) had included a randomized trial as part of the study method, (3) had assessed the outcomes of psychological sequelae (ie, PTSS, anxiety, depression, internalizing symptoms, or quality of life) in youth (aged 0-18 years), their caregivers, or both, (4) had included assessments at 2 or more time points, and (5) were available in English language. Results A total of 1512 studies were reviewed for inclusion based on their title and abstracts; 39 articles qualified for full-text review. Moreover, 22 studies met inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Of the 22 included studies, 13 reported results indicating that eHealth interventions significantly improved at least one component of psychological sequelae in participants. Common characteristics among interventions that showed an effect included content on problem solving, education, communication, and behavior management. Studies most commonly reported on child and caregiver depression, followed by child PTSS and caregiver anxiety. Conclusions Previous research is mixed but suggests that eHealth interventions may be helpful in alleviating or preventing problematic psychological sequelae in youth with medical conditions and their caregivers. Additional research is needed to advance understanding of the most powerful intervention components and to determine when and how to best disseminate eHealth interventions, with the goal of extending the current reach of psychological interventions.

The State of Knowledge Regarding the Use of Simulation in Pre-Licensure Nursing Education: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne K. Olson ◽  
Pauline Paul ◽  
Gerri Lasiuk ◽  
Sandra Davidson ◽  
Barbara Wilson-Keates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Quality Research

AbstractThis project is a mixed-methods systematic review on the use of simulation in pre-licensure nursing. This research question guided this review: What is the best evidence available upon which to base decisions regarding the use of simulation experiences with pre-licensure nursing students? Searches of CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE, and ERIC were performed to identify relevant literature. These searches yielded 1220 articles. After duplicates were removed and titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevance to the inclusion criteria, the remaining 852 articles were independently assessed for quality by pairs of researchers. Forty-seven articles were retained. Findings were grouped into research using high-, medium-, and low-fidelity simulations and a group where researchers included several or all types of simulation. The conclusion is that insufficient quality research exists to guide educators in making evidence-based decisions regarding simulation. More rigorous and multi-site research is needed.

Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines on the Treatment of Pediatric Hydrocephalus: Update of the 2014 Guidelines

Neurosurgery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1075
Author(s):  
David F Bauer ◽  
Lissa C Baird ◽  
Paul Klimo ◽  
Catherine A Mazzola ◽  
Dimitrios C Nikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Pediatric Hydrocephalus ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND The Congress of Neurological Surgeons reviews its guidelines according to the Institute of Medicine's recommended best practice of reviewing guidelines every 5 yrs. The authors performed a planned 5-yr review of the medical literature used to develop the “Pediatric hydrocephalus: systematic literature review and evidence-based guidelines” and determined the need for an update to the original guideline based on new available evidence. OBJECTIVE To perform an update to include the current medical literature for the “Pediatric hydrocephalus: systematic literature review and evidence-based guidelines”, originally published in 2014. METHODS The Guidelines Task Force used the search terms and strategies consistent with the original guidelines to search PubMed and Cochrane Central for relevant literature published between March 2012 and November 2019. The same inclusion/exclusion criteria were also used to screen abstracts and to perform the full-text review. Full text articles were then reviewed and when appropriate, included as evidence and recommendations were added or changed accordingly. RESULTS A total of 41 studies yielded by the updated search met inclusion criteria and were included in this update. CONCLUSION New literature resulting from the update yielded a new recommendation in Part 2, which states that neuro-endoscopic lavage is a feasible and safe option for the removal of intraventricular clots and may lower the rate of shunt placement (Level III). Additionally a recommendation in part 7 of the guideline now states that antibiotic-impregnated shunt tubing reduces the risk of shunt infection compared with conventional silicone hardware and should be used for children who require placement of a shunt (Level I). <https://www.cns.org/guidelines/browse-guidelines-detail/pediatric-hydrocephalus-guideline>

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