Persistent Postoperative Hyperglycemia as a Risk Factor for Operative Treatment of Deep Wound Infection After Spine Surgery

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Zach Pennington ◽  
Daniel Lubelski ◽  
Erick M Westbroek ◽  
A Karim Ahmed ◽  
Peter G Passias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Glucose Levels

Abstract BACKGROUND Surgical site infections (SSIs) affect 1% to 9% of all spine surgeries. Though previous work has found diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) to increase the risk for wound infection, the influence of perioperative hyperglycemia is poorly described. OBJECTIVE To investigate perioperative hyperglycemia as an independent risk factor for surgical site infection. METHODS We retrospectively identified patients undergoing operative management of SSIs occurring after spinal surgery for degenerative pathologies. These patients were individually matched to controls based upon age, surgical invasiveness, ICD-10CM, race, and sex. Cases and controls were compared regarding medical comorbidities (including diabetes), postoperative hyperglycemia, and operative time. RESULTS Patients in the infection group were found to have a higher BMI (33.7 vs 28.8), higher prevalence of DM2 (48.5% vs 14.7%), and longer inpatient stay (8.8 vs 4.3 d). They also had higher average (136.6 vs 119.6 mg/dL) and peak glucose levels (191.9 vs 153.1 mg/dL), as well as greater variability in glucose levels (92.1 vs 58.1 mg/dL). Multivariable logistic regression identified BMI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13), diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.12), average glucose on the first postoperative day (OR = 1.24), peak postoperative glucose (OR = 1.31), and maximal daily glucose variation (OR = 1.32) as being significant independent predictors of postoperative surgical site infection. CONCLUSION Postoperative hyperglycemia and poor postoperative glucose control are independent risk factors for surgical site infection following surgery for degenerative spine disease. These data suggest that, particularly among high-risk diabetic patients, strict perioperative glucose control may decrease the risk of SSI.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Cesarean Section Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s377-s377
Author(s):  
Feah Visan ◽  
Jenalyn Castro ◽  
Yousra Siam Shahada ◽  
Naser Al Ansari ◽  
Almunzer Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Inclusion Criteria

Background: According to the CDC NHSN, surgical site infections (SSI) are wound infections that develop within 30 days postoperatively for nonimplanted surgeries such as cesarean sections. SSIs is shown to manifest in a continuum of a purulent discharge from surgical site to severe sepsis. It contributes to rising morbidity, mortality and prolonged length of stay. Objective: To describe risk factors to the development of SSI in cesarean section in descriptive studies. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) reporting guidelines is used as method for this systematic review. A PubMed literature search was conducted, limited to published articles in English from 1998 to 2016 using the broad key terms “cesarean section,” “surgical site infection,” and “risk factor.” The following inclusion criteria were applied to all reviews: (1) peer-reviewed journal, (2) computed risk factor for SSI development, and (3) calculated SSI rate. Reviews of references of the include studies were conducted, and 7 studies were appraised, with only 1 accepted. Results: After extracting data from 52 article reviews, 23 were finally accepted based on the inclusion criteria. Most studies were multivariate studies (n = 8) followed by cohort studies (n = 6). Unique numerators and denominators for SSI reviews were mentioned in all 23 studies, of which 22 studies followed the CDC NHSN definitions for SSI. Within the 23 studies, most studies showed that obesity (11.46%) is a common maternal risk factor for the development of postoperative cesarean section SSI. Conclusions: Identifying that obesity is a major contributor of surgical site infection in postoperative cesarean section women is a topic that warrants exploration. The relationship of cesarean section SSI to obesity should be investigated, specifically highlighting the level of obesity based on the WHO international body mass index (BMI) classification and the development of SSI. A correlation between increasing wound infection rates and increasing body mass index should be studied further. Published recommendations for preventing SSIs in this population should be reviewed.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Superficial surgical site infections following stone and non-stone bile duct surgery- A comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-462
Author(s):  
Chishti Tanhar Bakth Choudhury ◽  
BH Nazma Yasmeen ◽  
Manir Hossain Khan ◽  
AHM Towhidul Alam ◽  
Shirin Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background : Superficial surgical site infection (SSSI) is a vital issue after biliary surgery. Surgical site infections remain a major cause of illness in the post-operative period. Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to compare the number of wound infection and the causative organism of surgical site infection of patient of stone and non-stone bile duct surgery. Methodology : This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Surgery at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from May 2017 to April 2018 for a period of 12 months. Patients presented with biliary disease of stone and non-stone variety were selected as study population. Patients were divided into 2 groups designated as group A and group B. Patients with the biliary stone disease were enrolled in group A and the biliary nonstone disease patients were in the group B. Patients were followed up in the postoperative period up to 2 weeks to find out the incidence of wound infection and its risk factors, causative agents, and some other variables. Certain variables were closely monitored to find the postoperative outcome as these variables were standard parameters in assessment of the outcome of the study. Results : A total number of 50 patients were recruited for this study of which 25 patients were enrolled in group A and the 25 patients were enrolled in group B. Mean age was 42.48 ± 17.21 years in group A and 40.04 ± 21.37 years in group B. The difference was not statistically significant ( p=0.659). Males were predominant in both groups. Male female ratio was 1.77:1 and 1.08:1 in group A and group B respectively. Inflammatory evidence of gall bladder with pericholecystic collection was found in 5 (20%) and 6 (24%) patients in group A and group B. There was evidence of cholangitis in 8 (32%) and 4 (16%) patients in group A and group B respectively. Evidence of inflammation at the wound site, was found in 14 (56%) patients in group A and 7 (28%) patients in group B. There was statistically significant difference between these 2 groups in the incidence of superficial surgical site infection, ( p value is 0.045). Regarding per operative collected bile, we found E. Coli in 4 cases in group A and 3 cases in group B ( p value is 0.408). Klebsiella spp. was found in 1 patient in group A. Wound swab C/S identified E. Coli in 1 patient in group A. Staph aureus was found in 1 and 2 patients in group A and group B respectively ( p value is nonsignificant). Conclusion : In conclusion, there is a difference in the incidence of occurrence of surgical site infection and causative agents after stone and non-stone bile duct surgery. Stone disease has increased chance of wound infection than nonstone disease of bile ducts. Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.11 (2) Jan 2020: 458-462

A Perioperative Systems Design to Improve Intraoperative Glucose Monitoring Is Associated with a Reduction in Surgical Site Infections in a Diabetic Patient Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse M. Ehrenfeld ◽  
Jonathan P. Wanderer ◽  
Maxim Terekhov ◽  
Brian S. Rothman ◽  
Warren S. Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Surgical Site Infection Rate

Abstract Background Diabetic patients receiving insulin should have periodic intraoperative glucose measurement. The authors conducted a care redesign effort to improve intraoperative glucose monitoring. Methods With approval from Vanderbilt University Human Research Protection Program (Nashville, Tennessee), the authors created an automatic system to identify diabetic patients, detect insulin administration, check for recent glucose measurement, and remind clinicians to check intraoperative glucose. Interrupted time series and propensity score matching were used to quantify pre- and postintervention impact on outcomes. Chi-square/likelihood ratio tests were used to compare surgical site infections at patient follow-up. Results The authors analyzed 15,895 cases (3,994 preintervention and 11,901 postintervention; similar patient characteristics between groups). Intraoperative glucose monitoring rose from 61.6 to 87.3% in cases after intervention (P = 0.0001). Recovery room entry hyperglycemia (fraction of initial postoperative glucose readings greater than 250) fell from 11.0 to 7.2% after intervention (P = 0.0019), while hypoglycemia (fraction of initial postoperative glucose readings less than 75) was unchanged (0.6 vs. 0.9%; P = 0.2155). Eighty-seven percent of patients had follow-up care. After intervention the unadjusted surgical site infection rate fell from 1.5 to 1.0% (P = 0.0061), a 55.4% relative risk reduction. Interrupted time series analysis confirmed a statistically significant surgical site infection rate reduction (P = 0.01). Propensity score matching to adjust for confounders generated a cohort of 7,604 well-matched patients and confirmed a statistically significant surgical site infection rate reduction (P = 0.02). Conclusions Anesthesiologists add healthcare value by improving perioperative systems. The authors leveraged the one-time cost of programming to improve reliability of intraoperative glucose management and observed improved glucose monitoring, increased insulin administration, reduced recovery room hyperglycemia, and fewer surgical site infections. Their analysis is limited by its applied quasiexperimental design.

scholarly journals STUDY OF CLINICO BACTERIOLOGY OF POST OPERATIVE WOUND INFECTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rajesh Kumar P. Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Operative Wound

Introduction: Globally, surgical site infections (SSI) are known to be most common nosocominal infections in hospitalized patients after urinary tract infection. There are many studies which showed surgical site infection rates are reported globally as it range from 2.5% to 41.9% resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Surgical infections are those which caused infection as a result of a surgical procedure or those that require surgical intervention as part of their treatment which are characterized by breaking of anatomic defense mechanisms and are associated with greater morbidity, significant mortality, and increased cost of care. Though increasing the advance technology in surgical sciences post operative wound infection remains one of the common complications which surgeons encounter. If this problem is not evaluated and treated in timely then it can have significant sequel. The cutaneous or mucosal barrier, entrance of microbes into the host tissue is the initial requirement for infection. In SSI patient stays in hospital may be double the length of time and also increase the costs of health care. The main extra cost may be related to re-operation, extra nursing care and interventions, and drug treatment costs. AIM: The main aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of SSI with reference to factors contributing to it and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in surgery wards. Material and Methods: For this study patients were included as they were admitted in the surgical wards and the surgical emergencies that underwent surgical procedure in this hospital. The surgical procedures were classified as planned (elective) surgeries, emergency surgeries and clean, clean-contaminated surgeries, contaminated and dirty patients were divided accordingly. The discharged of infected wound were collected in sterilized container or the pus swab were collected aseptically procedure and send to microbiology laboratory for further process. By consulting with microbiologist the result were recorded. Result: On the base of surgeries were done total 452 cases were preformed. Out of 452 cases there were 132 cases in emergency out of which 29 get infected and in 320 elective cases 20 got infected. The overall rate of surgical site infection (SSI) was 10.8%. The occurrence of SSI in emergency cases (22%) was found to be higher compared to elective cases (6.3%). Out of total cases send for the culture and sensitivity, organism cultured gram negative organism predominate and and commonest was Escherchia coli, followed by Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus aureus. E.coli and Klebsiella from emergency cases showed resistance to ciprofloxacin (83%) and ceftraixone (83%) and elective cases showed resistance of 70 % to ciprofloxacin and 40% to ceftriaxone. Therefore it was found that occurrence of SSI is significantly more in emergency cases. Conclusion: In this study rate of surgical site infection (SSI) was 10.8% whereas in clean 5.6%, in Clean and Contaminated 7.3% , in contaminated 21.2% and in dirty 25.9%. In gram negative bacteria E.coli were most commonly isolated bacteria followed by Pseudomonas and Klebsiella and in gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aereus were most common isolated bacteria. Therefore antibiotics sensitive to the gram negative and pram positive bacteria should be initiative for establishing improved hospital antimicrobial policy and antimicrobial prescribing guidelines. Keywords: Surgical Site Infection, Post-operative wound infections, Antimicrobial resistance

scholarly journals Diabetes and Risk of Surgical Site Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily T. Martin ◽  
Keith S. Kaye ◽  
Caitlin Knott ◽  
Huong Nguyen ◽  
Maressa Santarossa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Meta Regression

OBJECTIVETo determine the independent association between diabetes and surgical site infection (SSI) across multiple surgical procedures.DESIGNSystematic review and meta-analysis.METHODSStudies indexed in PubMed published between December 1985 and through July 2015 were identified through the search terms “risk factors” or “glucose” and “surgical site infection.” A total of 3,631 abstracts were identified through the initial search terms. Full texts were reviewed for 522 articles. Of these, 94 articles met the criteria for inclusion. Standardized data collection forms were used to extract study-specific estimates for diabetes, blood glucose levels, and body mass index (BMI). A random-effects meta-analysis was used to generate pooled estimates, and meta-regression was used to evaluate specific hypothesized sources of heterogeneity.RESULTSThe primary outcome was SSI, as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance criteria. The overall effect size for the association between diabetes and SSI was odds ratio (OR)=1.53 (95% predictive interval [PI], 1.11–2.12; I2, 57.2%). SSI class, study design, or patient BMI did not significantly impact study results in a meta-regression model. The association was higher for cardiac surgery 2.03 (95% PI, 1.13–4.05) compared with surgeries of other types (P=.001).CONCLUSIONSThese results support the consideration of diabetes as an independent risk factor for SSIs for multiple surgical procedure types. Continued efforts are needed to improve surgical outcomes for diabetic patients.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.2015;37(1):88–99

scholarly journals Controle glicêmico e suas evidências para prevenção de infecção de sítio cirúrgico em cirurgias de coluna

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e4606
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Lopes ◽  
Tamiris Mayra Martins De Souza ◽  
Gislaine Cristhina Bellusse
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Retrieval System ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
On Line

Objetivo: Analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o controle glicêmico como medida de prevenção para a infecção de sítio cirúrgico (ISC) em cirurgias de coluna. Métodos: Revisão integrativa desenvolvida com a seleção de artigos primários nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on-line (MEDLINE), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e no Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) utilizando-se os descritores: Glycemic control, wound infection, spine, spine surgery, surgical site infection e hemoglobinaA1c. Resultados: Os resultados evidenciaram a hiperglicemia como fator de risco independente para ISC em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de coluna. O nível de hemoglobina glicada foi associado à infecção de ISC sendo que o risco se torna maior à medida em que há aumento do nível de hemoglobina glicada. O Diabetes Mellitus foi apontado como preditor independente significativo para ISC. Considerações finais: A hiperglicemia perioperatória, independentemente da condição de Diabetes Mellitus, está relacionada a ocorrência de ISC. Observou-se a falta de parâmetros quanto o nível glicêmico ideal o que aponta a necessidade de novos estudos capazes de nortear essa lacuna.

scholarly journals LOWER SEGMENT CESARIAN SECTION SURGICAL SITE INFECTION: RISK FACTOR AND MICROBIAL ETIOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Manish Bhatt ◽  
Dr. Ela Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Lower Segment Cesarean Section

INTRODUCTION: Lower Segment Cesarean Section (LSCS) delivery is a major obstetrical surgical procedure to save the lives of mothers and fetus. Various risk factors in SSI following LSCS has been identified which includes subcutaneous hematoma, subcutaneous hematoma, tobacco use in pregnancy, incision length > 16.6 cm , body mass index >30 or 35 kg/m2, prolonged second stage (compared with first stage) , no antibiotic prophylaxis, duration of labor >12 h , premature rupture of membranes , gestational diabetes, previous cesarean delivery and emergency delivery. Diagnosis of surgical site infection requires evidence of clinical signs and symptoms of infection which may be further supported by microbiological evidence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 646 patients were included in the study of which 27 were diagnosed as SSI. Risk factor for SSI was divided into three categories: 1) host-related factors, 2) pregnancy and intrapartum-related factors, and 3) procedure-related factors. RESULTS: Among 646 cesarean sections, surgical site infection was observed in 27(4.1%) cases while he remaining cases had no surgical site infection. Mean age of cases with surgical site infection was observed to be 14.8 years with sd of 3.9 years where as it was 22.1 years in cases with no surgical site infections and sd of 3.2 years. Average number of stay in hospital is found to be 14.1 and 7.3 days respectively in cases with and without surgical site infections. Antibiotics were given on 17.3 days on average in cases with SSI whereas patients without surgical site infections were on antibiotics for 3.1 days on average. Out of total 27 surgical site infection E-coli was isolated in 11(40.8%) cases followed by 7(25.9%) isolations of staphylococcus aureus. Klebsiella pneumonia and pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated in 3(11.1%) cases each. Acitenobacter was found in only 1(3.7%) case. 2(7.4%) isolates were not identified in our study. CONCLUSION: To reduce the SSI rates post LSCS, proper assessment of risk factors and their modification is required. Frequent antibiotic susceptibility testing for resistance is required.

scholarly journals Post-operative surgical site infection among general surgery patients: Rate and risk factors.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (09) ◽  
pp. 1276-1281
Author(s):  
Shahid Nazir Memon ◽  
Shehzada Ameer Ahmed Babar ◽  
Sarwat Sultana ◽  
Sulhera Khan ◽  
Amir Hussain Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
High Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Emergency Case ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives: High rate of post-surgical infections are reported with scanty effort for controlling them. The objectives were to evaluate frequency of surgical site infections in patients undergoing general surgery. Study Design: Cross Sectional Observational Study. Setting: Naz Memorial Hospital. Period: March 2019 to March 2020. Material & Methods: This study was conducted in general surgery ward for 1 year. All patients over 18 years admitted in surgery ward either as elective or emergency case were included while patients having any wound infection, operated in other hospital or diabetic foot and all those operated for incision and drainage of abscess were excluded. All patients that were operated during the study period were followed for any wound infection development till one qAqmonth. SPSS was used for data entry and analysis keeping p-value of <0.05 as significant. Results: 75 from 200 patients developed surgical site infection, 46 (61.3%) were operated in emergency. Among 24 contaminated surgeries type, 70.8% were reported having SSI (p-0.05) while from 28 dirty types of surgeries 78.6% of patients had a SSI (p-0.03). 25% were anemic, 21% diabetic while (20%) were reported to be hypertensive, 13 (17%) gave positive history of smoking while 12 (16%) were obese. Conclusion: Higher proportion of surgical site infection was observed in patients undergoing contaminated and dirty type of surgeries. Most patients with SSI were operated in emergency setting and anemia and diabetes were the most common risk factor reported in the infected patients.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN KEJADIAN INFEKSI LUKA OPERASI (ILO) PASCA BEDAH ABDOMEN DI RSUD ABDUL WAHAB SJAHRANIE SAMARINDA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Sepriani indriati Azis ◽  
P.M.T. Mangalindung Ompusunggu ◽  
Hadi Irawiraman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Surgical Wound ◽  
Duration Of Surgery

Infeksi luka operasi (ILO) adalah infeksi pada bagian tubuh yang terpapar oleh ahli bedah saat prosedur invasive. ILO merupakan salah satu infeksi nosokomial yang paling umum dan paling dapat dicegah diantara infeksi nosokomial lainnya, namun kejadian infeksi luka operasi terutama pada bedah abdomen masih menunjukkan beban yang signifikan. Faktor resiko infeksi luka operasi meliputi usia tua, jenis luka operasi, penyakit penyerta seperti diabetes mellitus, pemberian antibiotik profilaksis yang tidak adekuat, status gizi pasien seperti obesitas dan malnutrisi serta durasi operasi yang panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian infeksi luka operasi pasca bedah abdomen di RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif laboratorik. Data penelitian diambil dari swab luka operasi dan data rekam medik pada 40 pasien pasca bedah abdomen yang melakukan pergantian perban pertama kali serta memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 30 orang (75%) pasien mendapatkan infeksi luka operasi. Mayoritas pasien terinfeksi berusia diatas 40 tahun, yaitu pada 15 pasien (37,5%). Sebagian besar pasien terinfeksi mendapatkan luka bersih terkontaminasi, yaitu 23 pasien (57,5%). Mayoritas pasien terinfeksi yaitu 27 pasien (67,5%) tidak memiliki penyakit penyerta. Bakteri gram positif, yaitu Staphylococcus epidermidis merupakan bakteri penginfeksi terbanyak yang teridentifikasi pada 10 orang (33,3%) pasien. Seluruh pasien terinfeksi, yaitu 30 pasien (75%) mendapatkan antibiotik profilaksis. Mayoritas pasien terinfeksi memiliki status gizi normal, yaitu 17 orang (42,5%), dan kejadian infeksi lebih banyak terjadi pada pasien dengan durasi <120 menit, yaitu 20 orang (50%) pasien.   Kata Kunci : Infeksi Luka Operasi, ILO, Bedah Abdomen, Faktor Resiko Infeksi Luka Operasi Surgical site infection (SSI) is an infection at the part of the body that was exposed by a surgeon during an invasive procedure. SSI is one of the most common and most preventable nosocomial infection among other nosocomial infections, but the incidence of surgical site infections especially in abdominal surgery still shows a significant burden. Risk factors of surgical site infections include old age, type of surgical wound, comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, inadequate prophylactic antibiotics, nutritional statuses such as obesity and malnutrition and long duration of surgery. This study aimed to explain an overview of the incidence of postoperative abdominal wound infection in Abdul Wahab Sjahranie General Hospital, Samarinda. This research method was a laboratory descriptive study. The research data was taken from surgical wound swabs and medical record data of 40 post-abdominal surgery patients who made the bandage changes for the first time and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed 30 patients (75%) had surgical site infections. The highest percentage of infected patients aged over 40 years, i.e. in 15 people (37.5%). Most of the infected patients had clean contaminated wounds, i.e. in 23 patients (57.5%). The majority of infected patients did not have concomitant diseases,  i.e. 27 people (67.5%). Gram-positive bacteria, specifically Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most infectious bacteria identified in 10 patients (33.3%). All infected patients, i.e. 30 patients (75%) received prophylactic antibiotics. The highest frequencies of infected patients had normal nutritional status, i.e.17 patients(42.5%), and the incidence of infection was more common in patients with duration <120 minutes, i.e. 20 patients (50%). Keywords : Surgical Site Infection, SSI, Abdominal Surgery, Risk Factors

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