scholarly journals Evaluation of Four Herbicides and Tillage for Weed Control on 1-0 Planted Tree Seedlings

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Seifert ◽  
Keith Woeste
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Planted Tree

Abstract Azafenidin, sulfometuron, pendimethalin, and simazine were applied alone and in combination to 1-0 seedlings of nine hardwood and one conifer species. Percent bare ground at 30, 60, and 90 days, diameter and height growth of the seedlings were determined for 16 herbicide treatments, tillage and a control. Azafenidin applications alone and in combination with sulfometuron resulted in about 85% bare ground 90 days post-treatment. There were significant differences for diameter, height growth, and volume among the treatments for every species. No single treatment ranked best for all species, but comparison of the mean ranks of the treatments for all species indicated that azafenidin and pendimethalin resulted in the most growth. Azafenidin-treated seedlings also had the greatest volume at the end of the season.

Evaluation of Thiencarbazone-methyl– and Isoxaflutole-Based Herbicide Programs in Corn

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel O. Stephenson ◽  
Jason A. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Weed Resistance

Field studies were conducted in Louisiana and Mississippi in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate PRE herbicide treatments containing isoxaflutole or a prepackaged mixture of thiencarbazone-methyl : isoxaflutole (TCM : isoxaflutole) for weed control in corn. PRE treatments included the premix of TCM : isoxaflutole alone (30 : 80 g ai ha−1) and with atrazine (1,120 g ai ha−1), isoxaflutole alone (90 g ai ha−1) and with atrazine (1,120 g ai ha−1), and the premix of atrazine plus S-metolachlor (1,820 plus 1,410 g ai ha−1). POST treatments included glufosinate (450 g ai ha−1) or glyphosate (870 g ae ha−1) applied to 30-cm corn along with a no POST treatment. All PRE treatments controlled barnyardgrass, entireleaf morningglory, rhizomatous johnsongrass, Palmer amaranth, and velvetleaf 87 to 95% 4 wk after planting (WAP) and browntop millet and hophornbeam copperleaf were controlled 86 to 95% 8 WAP. Weed control was improved 8 and 20 WAP when either POST treatment was applied. TCM : isoxaflutole plus atrazine controlled barnyardgrass, entireleaf morningglory, Palmer amaranth, and velvetleaf at least 90% 20 WAP regardless of POST treatment. TCM : isoxaflutole plus atrazine provided greater control of browntop millet (90%) than isoxaflutole alone or with atrazine and atrazine plus S-metolachlor where control was 86% 20 WAP. Pooled across POST treatments, all PRE treatments containing isoxaflutole or TCM : isoxaflutole controlled rhizomatous johnsongrass better (74 to 76%) than atrazine plus S-metolachlor (67%). Corn yield following herbicide treatments ranged from 9,280 to 11,040 kg ha−1 compared with 9,110 kg ha−1 for the nontreated. Results indicate that TCM : isoxaflutole or isoxaflutole PRE is an option for use in a corn weed management program and may prolong the use of atrazine where weed resistance may be an issue. Where rhizomatous johnsongrass is a problem, TCM : isoxaflutole or isoxaflutole PRE can provide better control than atrazine plus S-metolachlor PRE. Without PRE treatments, glufosinate or glyphosate was needed for season-long weed control.

Winter Annual Weed Control in Dormant Bermudagrass Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Winter Annual

Control of annual broadleaf winter weeds in dormant bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ‘Common’] by a variety of herbicides was examined. Nearly all treatments allowed good to excellent control of spur weed (Soliva sessilisP. and K.). Metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)one] was the only tested herbicide that controlled all weed species consistently with a single treatment. Bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4) 3H-one 2,2-dioxide] applied alone as single or repeated treatments controlled spur weed, parsley-piert (Alchemilla microcorpaBoissier Reuter), and chickweed [Stellaria media(L.) Cyrillo], but a combination of bentazon and silvex [2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid] were needed for acceptable control of henbit (Lamium amplexicauleL.) and corn speedwell (Veronica arvensisL.). None of the herbicide treatments affected green-up of bermudagrass the following spring.

Multiple Herbicide Treatments for Grassy Weed Control in Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Two applications of benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α,-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine), profluralin [N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine], prosulfalin N-[[4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrophenyl]sulfonyl]-S,S-dimethylsulfilimine, and napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide] provided full-season large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] control in turfgrass. Benefin was applied at 3.3 kg/ha in March and 2.2 kg/ha in May while other herbicides were applied at 2.2 kg/ha in March and May. Satisfactory goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] control was obtained with a single March treatment with prosulfalin, but two applications of napropamide in March and May were required for similar control. None of the herbicide treatments severely injured common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] or Kentucky bluegrass [Poa pratensis (L.) ‘Common’] in these studies. Prosulfalin at 6.6 kg/ha applied as single treatment or 3.3 kg/ha in each of two applications resulted in moderate injury to Kentucky bluegrass in 1 of 2 yr.

Effects of Weed Control in Established Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) on Forage Yield and Quality

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis R. Cosgrove ◽  
Michael Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Forage Yields

The effects of weed control measures in established alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) on forage yield and quality were investigated at three sites with varying alfalfa densities and weed populations. Herbicide treatments were 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] applied in fall or spring, respectively, 1.68 kg/ha pronamide [3,5-dichloro (N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide] applied in fall, and combinations of these treatments. First-harvest forage yields (weeds plus alfalfa) were either reduced or unchanged by herbicide treatments. Total forage yield was not altered by the herbicide treatments, but first-harvest and total alfalfa yield as well as first-harvest forage protein content were increased by several treatments, depending on stand density and weed pressure. Little effect was observed on in vitro digestible dry matter or acid detergent fiber content.

scholarly journals Visual outcome of endogenous endophthalmitis in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeyachan Lourthai ◽  
Pitipol Choopong ◽  
Dhanach Dhirachaikulpanich ◽  
Kunravitch Soraprajum ◽  
Warinyupa Pinitpuwadol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Endogenous Endophthalmitis ◽  
Infectious Episode ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Phthisis Bulbi ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Corneal Decompensation ◽  
The Mean

AbstractTo evaluate a 10-year visual outcome of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) patients. A 10-year retrospective chart review of EE patients. Thirty-eight patients (40 eyes) were diagnosed with EE at the mean age of 42. Among the identifiable pathogens (71.1% culture positive), the causative agents were predominantly gram-negative bacteria (48.1%). The most common specie was Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.9%). About a quarter of the patients required surgical eye removal, and the remaining 45.7% had visual acuity (VA) worse than hand motion at one month after the infectious episode. The most common complication was ocular hypertension (52.5%). Poor initial VA was significantly associated with a worse visual outcome in the early post-treatment period (p 0.12, adjusted OR 10.20, 95% CI 1.65–62.96). Five patients continued to visit the clinic for at least ten years. One patient had gained his vision from hand motion to 6/7.5. Two patients had visual deterioration, one from corneal decompensation, and the other from chronic retinal re-detachment. Two patients developed phthisis bulbi, with either some VA perception of light or no light perception. Poor initial VA is the only prognostic factor of a poor early post-treatment visual outcome of EE.

Evaluation of weed control in acetyl coA carboxylase-resistant rice with mixtures of quizalofop and auxinic herbicides

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-505
Author(s):  
Tameka L. Sanders ◽  
Jason A. Bond ◽  
Benjamin H. Lawrence ◽  
Bobby R. Golden ◽  
Thomas W. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Mixture ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
And Control

AbstractRice with enhanced tolerance to herbicides that inhibit acetyl coA carboxylase (ACCase) allows POST application of quizalofop, an ACCase-inhibiting herbicide. Two concurrent field studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 near Stoneville, MS, to evaluate control of grass (Grass Study) and broadleaf (Broadleaf Study) weeds with sequential applications of quizalofop alone and in mixtures with auxinic herbicides applied in the first or second application. Sequential treatments of quizalofop were applied at 119 g ai ha−1 alone and in mixtures with labeled rates of auxinic herbicides to rice at the two- to three-leaf (EPOST) or four-leaf to one-tiller (LPOST) growth stages. In the Grass Study, no differences in rice injury or control of volunteer rice (‘CL151’ and ‘Rex’) were detected 14 and 28 d after last application (DA-LPOST). Barnyardgrass control at 14 and 28 DA-LPOST with quizalofop applied alone or with auxinic herbicides EPOST was ≥93% for all auxinic herbicide treatments except penoxsulam plus triclopyr. Barnyardgrass control was ≥96% with quizalofop applied alone and with auxinic herbicides LPOST. In the Broadleaf Study, quizalofop plus florpyrauxifen-benzyl controlled more Palmer amaranth 14 DA-LPOST than other mixtures with auxinic herbicides, and control with this treatment was greater EPOST compared with LPOST. Hemp sesbania control 14 DA-LPOST was ≤90% with quizalofop plus quinclorac LPOST, orthosulfamuron plus quinclorac LPOST, and triclopyr EPOST or LPOST. All mixtures except quinclorac and orthosulfamuron plus quinclorac LPOST controlled ivyleaf morningglory ≥91% 14 DA-LPOST. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl or triclopyr were required for volunteer soybean control >63% 14 DA-LPOST. To optimize barnyardgrass control and rice yield, penoxsulam plus triclopyr and orthosulfamuron plus quinclorac should not be mixed with quizalofop. Quizalofop mixtures with auxinic herbicides are safe and effective for controlling barnyardgrass, volunteer rice, and broadleaf weeds in ACCase-resistant rice, and the choice of herbicide mixture could be adjusted based on weed spectrum in the treated field.

MON-37500 for Weed Control and Alfalfa Seed Production

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 810-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton D. Myhre ◽  
Heather A. Loeppky ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Alfalfa Seed

Alfalfa seed producers have a limited number of herbicide options to manage weed problems. MON-37500 (proposed name sulfosulfuron) is a sulfonylurea herbicide that controls dandelion and quackgrass, two common weeds in alfalfa fields. A study was conducted in two alfalfa fields at Valparaiso and Carrot River, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 1999 to 2001 to evaluate perennial weed control and alfalfa production responses with 0.5×, 1×, and 1.5× label-recommended rates of MON-37500 and also 2,4-DB and hexazinone. MON-37500 applied at the 1× and 1.5× rates at both locations reduced mid-May alfalfa vigor from 100% to between 80 and 90% and increased early-season control of dandelion and quackgrass by about 10 to 40 percentage units, when compared with other herbicide treatments. Improved weed control with 1× and 1.5× MON-37500 rates was sustained into mid-June only at Carrot River and was completely eliminated (100% vigor and 0% weed control), or almost so, by mid-July. MON-37500 did not control Canada thistle. Improved early-season weed control with the 1× MON-37500 rate apparently compensated for the loss of alfalfa vigor at Valparaiso, thus resulting in 27% (57 kg/ha) greater seed yield than with the other herbicide treatments. At Carrot River, hexazinone generally provided levels of weed control similar to MON-37500 but did not injure alfalfa. Consequently, alfalfa yields were highest and the proportion of dead (decaying) seed was least with this treatment. The 0.5× MON-37500 rate often resulted in inferior weed control relative to the 1× and 1.5× rates and never was among the herbicide treatments providing the greatest seed yield. Managing the residual activity of MON-37500 and its negative effect on alfalfa growth, especially at locations with soils having coarse texture and low organic matter content, represents the greatest challenge in making MON-37500 a reliable weed management tool for alfalfa seed producers.

Growth and N status of Populus in mixture with red alder on recent volcanic mudflow from Mount Saint Helens

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Heilman
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Total N ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Foliar N Concentration

Eleven months after the May 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens in southeastern Washington, United States, three Populus clones were planted in an experiment on the Toutle River mudflow deposit. The trees grew at an abnormally slow rate and by 3 years were overtopped by a dense stand (14 600 ± 3600 trees/ha) of red alder seeded naturally onto the site. Over the 6-year period of the study, the total N content of the soil increased an average of 56 kg•ha−1•year−1•. Foliar N concentration in Populus increased significantly from a mean late summer – early autumn value in the 2nd year (1982) of 0.69% N to a value of 2.06% N at the end of the seventh growing season. The mean annual height growth of the largest Populus averaged <0.5 m/year in the first 3 years, increasing to an average of over 1.0 m/year in the 5th and 6th years. Fertilizer treatments with N (as urea) and N + P (as urea plus treble superphosphate) placed in the soil near the individual Populus at a maximum rate of 5.3 g N/tree increased height growth in the year of fertilization (1982) and the following year (the response in height growth for the 2 years totaled 64%). After 1984, no significant effects of fertilizer on height growth, total height, or diameter were evident. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased foliar N concentration (1.54% N with the highest N treatment vs. 0.69% N in the control) in the year of treatment only. Phosphorus fertilization had no significant effect on growth or foliar P concentration. At 6 years, only 2% of the Populustrichocarpa Torr. & Gray clone and 13% of the tallest Populus hybrid were equal to or above the mean height of alder dominants and codominants (6.2 m). Additionally, the diameter growth of Populus was severely limited: the trees had only 8% of the cross-sectional area of "normal" trees for their height. Results indicated that on sites of low N such as the mudflow, Populus may not compete satisfactorily in mixture with alder. Such behavior is in sharp contrast to sites of high N, where red alder cannot compete with Populus.

Synergistic stem volume response to combinations of vegetation control and seedling size in conifer plantations in Oregon

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S Rosner ◽  
Robin Rose
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Seedling Size ◽  
Volume Response ◽  
Stock Types

There are few published studies examining the effects of the interaction of seedling size and vegetation control on the growth of Pacific Northwest conifer species. Data from two vegetation management studies encompassing five planting sites, four conifer species, and two stock types were analyzed to determine the relative effects of seedling size at planting and intensity of vegetation control on subsequent seedling growth. Study 1 tested eight combinations of annual broadcast weed control or no weed control applied over the course of 5 years. Study 2 tested spot herbicide applications of differing area, as well as herbaceous-only and woody-only control treatments. The effect of seedling size was determined by analysis of covariance, with basal diameter as the covariate. Both seedling size and weed control increased growth of all conifer species through 4, 5, or 12 years, but responses varied by species and site. Diameter and height responses to weed control and seedling size were additive, whereas volume differences between treatments increased with increasing seedling size. The implication for management is that the volume return from increased weed control is maximized by planting the largest possible seedlings; conversely, the volume from increased seedling size is maximized at the highest weed control intensities.

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