COT-18 Trends in Primary Brain Tumors in Kumamoto Prefecture with Declining Birthrate and Aging Population - Kumamoto Prefecture Brain Tumor Epidemiological Survey

Abstract Backgrounds: The demographic characteristics of Kumamoto Prefecture are that there is little population movement and the total population remains constant at about 1.8 million, but in recent years the birthrate is declining and the population is aging. We have been conducting the Kumamoto Prefecture Brain Tumor Epidemiological Survey since 1989 in cooperation with neurosurgical institutions in the prefecture. In this study, we examined whether recent demographic changes have affected the incidence of primary brain tumors (BT). Methods: Patients with primary BT were collected annually from 44 institutions in Kumamoto Prefecture (as of 2020), and the number of incidences per 100,000 population was calculated for each BT for each year, excluding patients living outside the prefecture and duplicate cases. Results: The total number of primary BT was 11441 (top 3: meningioma 40%, pituitary adenoma 17%, glioma 17%). Of 4261 men with primary BT, the top 3 were meningioma (27%), glioma (23.7%), and pituitary adenoma (18.4%)), and 7180 women (top 3: meningioma (47.7%), pituitary adenoma (16.2%), and glioma (12.9%)). The number of primary BT increased every year, and the incidence increased significantly when comparing 1989–2004 and 2005–2020 (13.6 vs. 25.0/100,000, p<0.000001). Typical brain tumors (meningioma, pituitary adenoma, glioma, schwannoma, malignant lymphoma) also increased year by year, especially asymptomatic meningioma. The median age of asymptomatic meningiomas was significantly higher than that of symptomatic meningiomas (69 vs. 65 years, p<0.0001). Gliomas increased significantly in the later stages compared with the early stages in children (0–14 years) and the elderly (65 years and older). Conclusion: Our results suggest that an increase in the number of BT such as glioblastoma, which are more common in the elderly, as well as an increase in the number of opportunities for intracranial examinations in the aging of the population may be responsible for the increased incidence of primary BT.

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Comparative Parameters of Occult and Multiple Brain Tumors In Human: The Implication for Therapy

10.21203/rs.3.rs-628825/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Saganuwan Alhaji Saganuwan

Keyword(s):

Brain Tumor ◽

Pituitary Adenoma ◽

Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

High Survival ◽

Diffuse Astrocytoma ◽

Primary Brain Tumors ◽

Multiple Primary ◽

Multiple Brain Tumors ◽

Planum Sphenoidale

Abstract Background Brain cancer treatment is a difficult task, because of complex nature of physico-chemical properties of brain, central nervous system (cns) acting drugs and drug carriers. Methods In view of this, literatures were searched with a view to assessing comparative mathematical parameters of occult and multiple primary brain tumors and their therapeutic outcomes. A total of thirteen patients comprised of eight males and five females who had suffered either occult or multiple brain tumors were used for the study. Tumor parameters and their therapeutic prognoses were mathematically determined. The data were analyzed using a modified Kaplan-Meier method at 5 % level of significance. Results Findings have shown that occult tumors such as meningiosarcoma (65.4cm3), teratoma (268 cm3), solitary brain tumor (20.6–22.4 cm3) and gliosarcoma (31.1 cm3) as well as multiple primary brain tumors; meningioma/diffuse astrocytoma (47.7 cm3), glioblastoma multiforme/pituitary adenoma (164. 59 cm3) and planum sphenoidale meningioma/pituitary adenoma (26.52 cm3) are deadly. However solitary brain tumor (4.2 cm3), glioblastoma multiforme/pituitary adenoma (12.77 cm3) and multimeningioma/pituitary adenoma (0.70 cm3) have high survival rate. Generally tumor weight (4.2–144.0 g), tumor density (0.24–0.96), total population of tumor cells (9.5 x 108-2.5 x 1011, rate of tumor cell migration (1.10–48.0 cm2/yr) and tumor radius (0.55-4.0 cm) are relatively moderate to very high, signifying that occult brain tumors may generate faster and may be more difficult to treat chemotherapeutically, radiotherapeutically, immunologically and surgically. Brain tumors affect male and female of 2–79 years old. Conclusions The locations of tumors are parietal, temporal, frontal, thalamic, frontoparietal, stellar, and planum sphenoidale lobes. Both occult and multiple brain tumors are diagnosed when all forms of therapy would have been useless.

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EPID-17. COMPARATIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS (AYA)

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noab196.350 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽

pp. vi89-vi89

Author(s):

Nayan Lamba ◽

Bryan Iorgulescu

Keyword(s):

Brain Tumor ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

Lower Grade ◽

Diffuse Glioma ◽

Tumor Type ◽

Primary Brain Tumors ◽

Diffuse Gliomas ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract INTRODUCTION We utilized national registry data to evaluate the unique epidemiology of primary adolescent and young adult (AYA) brain tumors according to the WHO2016 classification. METHODS AYA patients (15≤age≤39) presenting between 2004-2017 with a brain tumor were identified by ICD-O-3 coding from the National Cancer Database (comprising >70% of newly-diagnosed cancers in the U.S.), and compared to pediatric and adult populations. Epidemiology and overall survival (estimated by Kaplan-Meier techniques and multivariable Cox regression) were assessed by WHO2016 tumor type. RESULTS 108,705 AYA brain tumor patients were identified (56.9% female), compared to 23,928 pediatric (46.8% female) and 748,272 adult (55.6% female) patients. Among the 69.4% of AYA brain tumors with pathological diagnosis, diffuse gliomas (31.4%), sellar tumors (19.2%), and meningiomas (15.3%) predominated in both sexes. Diffuse glioma (31.4%), sellar (19.2%), cranial nerve (7.3%), and mesenchymal non-meningothelial (4.1%) tumors represented a greater proportion of AYA brain tumors than in either pediatric or adult populations. A majority of all intracranial GCTs (59.2%) and neuronal & mixed neuronal-glial tumors (51.6%) presented during AYA. Although the prevalence of diffuse gliomas was similar between AYAs and adults, AYA gliomas were more likely to be grade 2-3 astrocytomas (38.9% vs 14.3%) and oligodendrogliomas (19.3% vs 4.3%) than in adults. GBMs represented 76.0% of adult diffuse gliomas vs. only 25.7% of AYA diffuse gliomas, but with a similar prevalence of MGMT promoter methylation (40.8% vs 38.4%). Notably, 50.7% of AYA PCNSLs were associated with HIV/AIDS, vs only 7.1% in adults (p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The distribution, epidemiology, and survival outcomes of primary brain tumors in the AYA population are distinct from their pediatric and adult counterparts. Notably, AYA infiltrative gliomas were more often of lower grade than adults and AYA PCNSL were far more likely to be associated with HIV/AIDS. Primary brain tumors in AYA patients require specialized management.

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GENE-03. SPECIFIC SIGNATURES OF microRNA IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS AND METASTASES

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noz175.405 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽

pp. vi98-vi98

Author(s):

Radim Jancalek ◽

Martin Smrcka ◽

Alena Kopkova ◽

Jiri Sana ◽

Marek Vecera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Brain Tumor ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Brain Metastases ◽

Independent Set ◽

Low Grade ◽

Primary Brain Tumors ◽

Csf Analysis ◽

Different Levels

Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) baths extracellular environment of the central nervous system, and thus, it is ideal source of tumor diagnostic biomarkers like microRNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding RNAs involved in the pathogenesis of many cancers. As dysregulated levels of brain tumor specific miRNAs have been already observed in CSF, analysis of CSF miRNAs in brain tumor patients might help to develop new diagnostic platform. Next-Generation sequencing (NGS) was performed for analysis of small RNAs in 89 CSF samples taken from 32 glioblastomas (GBM), 14 low-grade gliomas (LGG), 11 meningiomas, 13 brain metastases and 19 non-tumor donors. Subsequently, according to NGS results levels of 10 miRNAs were measured in independent set of CSF samples (41 GBM, 44 meningiomas, 12 brain metastases and 20 non-tumor donors) using TaqMan Advanced miRNA Assays. NGS analysis revealed 22, 12 and 35 CSF miRNAs with significantly different levels in GBM, meningiomas, and brain metastases (adj.p < 0.0005, adj.p < 0.01, and adj.p < 0.005) respectively, in comparison with non-tumor CSF samples. Subsequent validation of selected CSF miRNAs has confirmed different levels of 7 miRNAs in GBM, 2 in meningiomas, and 2 in brain metastases compared to non-tumors. Panel of miR-30e-5p and miR-140-5p was able to distinguish brain metastases with 65% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared to non-tumor samples (AUC = 0.8167); panel of miR-21-3p and miR-196-5p classified metastatic patients with 78% sensitivity and 92 % specificity in comparison to GBM (AUC = 0.90854) and with 75% sensitivity and 83% specificity compared to meningiomas (AUC = 0.84848). We have observed that CSFs from patients with various primary brain tumors and metastases are characterized by specific miRNA signatures. This work was supported by the Ministry of Health, Czech Republic grant nr. NV18-03-00398 and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic under the project CEITEC 2020 (LQ1601).

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Unusual olfactory perception during radiation sessions for primary brain tumors: a retrospective study

Journal of Radiation Research ◽

10.1093/jrr/rrz060 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 812-817

Author(s):

Mika Obinata ◽

Kana Yamada ◽

Keisuke Sasai

Keyword(s):

Brain Tumors ◽

Total Population ◽

Radiation Treatment ◽

Germ Cell Tumors ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Primary Brain Tumors ◽

Medical Study ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Patients Experience

Abstract During irradiation sessions for brain tumors or head and neck cancers, some patients experience abnormal olfactory sensations. To date, the frequency of such sensations during these treatment sessions has not been investigated. We analyzed abnormal olfactory sensations in patients who underwent radiation therapy at our institution for primary brain tumors, excluding malignant lymphoma, between January 2009 and January 2018. A total of 191 patients who were awake during radiation treatment and capable of communicating were analyzed in this retrospective medical study. Of these patients, 7 were aware of olfactory sensations during irradiation. The median age of these 7 patients was 13 (range 8–47) years, Six were <20 years of age, accounting for 10% of the total population of similar age (n = 60). However, only 1 of 131 patients aged ≥20 years complained of strange olfactory sensations. Four of seven patients had germ cell tumors, but none had a medulloblastoma. We investigated patients who experienced light sensation, as an internal standard to ascertain the accuracy of this study. Only 10 patients experienced light sensation during their irradiation sessions. This suggests that the frequency of these sensations was possibly underestimated in our study. In conclusion, a considerable number of patients experienced unusual olfactory sensations during radiation treatment. Further prospective studies on abnormal olfactory sensations during irradiation are needed to clarify the underlying mechanism of this sensation.

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PS1 - 188 Rehabilitation Consultation: An Integrated Model for Addressing Rehabilitation Concerns in the Primary Brain Tumor Population

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/cjn.2016.355 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (S4) ◽

pp. S9-S10

Author(s):

I. Lax ◽

M. Daniels ◽

C. Kanter ◽

W. Mason ◽

K. Edelstein

Keyword(s):

Brain Tumor ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Disease Process ◽

Primary Brain Tumor ◽

Rehabilitation Services ◽

Face To Face ◽

Primary Brain Tumors ◽

Common Diagnosis ◽

Consultation Model ◽

Oncology Treatment

Individuals with primary brain tumors experience a range of physical, cognitive and psychosocial sequelae which impact their independence, safety and quality of life. These impairments may be addressed through rehabilitation intervention. Despite acknowledgement that timely rehabilitation services over the course of the disease process is of benefit, few outpatient neuro-oncology treatment teams include a rehabilitation professional. Purpose: The aims are: (1) to describe a rehabilitation consultation model of care integrated into outpatient neuro-oncology treatment for individuals with primary brain tumors; and (2) to describe the characteristics of individuals referred for rehabilitation services. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study examined data from 200 individuals that received rehabilitation consultation from January 2015 to March 2016 at Princess Margaret Hospital, Pencer Brain Tumor Centre. Information on patient demographics, referral characteristics, and number of patient care visits was collected. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Preliminary Results: Of all patients, (n=195), the most common diagnosis is glioblastoma, 39% (n=76), and 50% are 50-69 years of age (M=55, SD=15.0). The most common reason for initial referral was decline in physical functioning, strength and balance (41%). In 77% of cases, patients were seen immediately at the time of referral. In total, 540 consultations were completed (face-to-face=230, telephone=310) with 2.78 on average (SD=4.0) per patient. Conclusion: Given the range of symptoms that individuals with primary brain tumors experience coupled with changes in functional status as the disease progresses, integrated and timely rehabilitation consultation is feasible.

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Podoplanin expression in primary brain tumors induces platelet aggregation and increases risk of venous thromboembolism

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2016-06-720714 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 129 (13) ◽

pp. 1831-1839 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Julia Riedl ◽

Matthias Preusser ◽

Pegah Mir Seyed Nazari ◽

Florian Posch ◽

Simon Panzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Tumor ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Platelet Aggregation ◽

High Risk ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Tumor Patients ◽

Primary Brain Tumors ◽

Key Points ◽

Podoplanin Expression ◽

Very High

Key Points Brain tumor patients have a very high risk of VTE. Podoplanin expression by primary brain tumors induces platelet aggregation and is associated with hypercoagulability and a high risk of VTE.

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Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage Caused by Brain Tumor

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-198204000-00004 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 437-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 200

Author(s):

Susumu Wakai ◽

Kenta Yamakawa ◽

Shinya Manaka ◽

Kintomo Takakura

Keyword(s):

Brain Tumor ◽

Pituitary Adenoma ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽

Embryonal Carcinoma ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Massive Bleeding ◽

The Past ◽

History Of ◽

Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage

Abstract Hemorrhage from brain tumor was confirmed clinically, surgically, or on autopsy in 94 of 1861 cases (5.1%) treated during the past 18 years: 49 of 311 pituitary adenomas (15.8%) and 45 of 1550 other brain tumors (2.9%). The higher incidence of hemorrhage from pituitary adenoma was statistically significant (Neurosurgery < 0.001). In brain tumors other than pituitary adenoma, the incidence of hemorrhage was significantly higher in the patients under 14 years old (17 of the 322 cases, 5.3%) than in the patients over 15 years old (28 of the 1228 cases; 2.3%) (Neurosurgery < 0.001). Nineteen patients showed no evidence of clinical symptoms related to bleeding. Twenty-six patients had a definite history of an acute episode that suggested sudden bleeding. In 11 of these, the apoplectic syndrome was the initial presenting symptom. The incidence of hemorrhage was not statistically correlated with sex. The hemorrhage was intratumoral in 30 cases, intracerebral in 7, subarachnoid in 7, and subdural in 1. The tumors were supratentorial in 36 cases, pineal in 1, and infratentorial in 8. Primary and metastatic choriocarcinoma and primary embryonal carcinoma seemed to cause hemorrhage most frequently. The following precipitating factors were found in 7 of the 17 patients aged under 14: ventricular drainage in 2, ventriculoperitoneal shunt in 2, carotid angiography in 1, head injury in 1, and leukemia in 1. Seven of the 17 patients under 14 years old died of massive bleeding from the tumor. Unless there is evidence of vascular disease such as cerebral aneurysm, vascular malformation, or hypertensive cerebrovascular disease, intracranial hemorrhage should be suspected of being due to a brain tumor.

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The New Approaches to Brain Tumor Therapy (NABTT) CNS Consortium: Organization, Objectives, and Activities

Cancer Control ◽

10.1177/107327489800500201 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 107-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Stuart A. Grossman ◽

Joy D. Fisher ◽

Steven Piantadosi ◽

Henry Brem

Keyword(s):

Brain Tumor ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Clinical Research ◽

Tumor Therapy ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Primary Brain Tumors ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Neuro Imaging ◽

Important Drug

Background: Despite advances in neuro-imaging, neurosurgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, limited progress has been made in the treatment of patients with high-grade astrocytomas. The National Cancer Institute has attempted to speed advances in this field by funding CNS consortia to conduct innovative clinical trials in this patient population since 1994. Methods: The NABTT CNS Consortium is composed of a consortium headquarters and nine member institutions with outstanding multidisciplinary expertise, clinical and laboratory research capabilities, and access to large numbers of patients with brain tumors. Results: The objectives of the NABTT Consortium are to improve the therapeutic outcome for adults with primary brain tumors, to conduct basic science and clinical research, and to improve the care and quality of life of adults with primary brain tumors. NABTT's clinical studies have discovered important drug interactions between anticonvulsant and antineoplastic agents, defined the activity of paclitaxel and 9-aminocamptothecin in glioblastoma multiforme, tested a novel dose escalation strategy for brain tumor trials, and established new protocol “classes” to expedite and standardize clinical research in this field. Conclusions: Significant progress in the care of patients with primary brain tumors is likely to result from the highly focused and multidisciplinary efforts of the NIH-funded CNS consortia.

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Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of an Evidence-Based iPad-App for Cognitive Rehabilitation in Patients with Primary Brain Tumors

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1093/neuros/nyy254 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 273-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sophie Dorothee van der Linden ◽

Margriet Maria Sitskoorn ◽

Geert-Jan Maria Rutten ◽

Karin Gehring

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Brain Tumor ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Control Group ◽

Tumor Patients ◽

Primary Brain Tumors ◽

Randomized Controlled

Abstract BACKGROUND Many patients with primary brain tumors suffer from cognitive deficits, which negatively impact their quality of life. However, cognitive rehabilitation programs for these patients are scarce. We developed an iPad-based cognitive rehabilitation program for brain tumor patients, which was based on our effective face-to-face cognitive rehabilitation program. After successful completion of a feasibility study, a randomized controlled trial has been started. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the immediate and long-term effects of the iPad-based program on cognitive performance and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in patients with primary brain tumors in an early stage of the disease. METHODS Prior to surgery, patients with presumed low-grade glioma and meningioma are included. Before surgery and 3 mo after surgery, neuropsychological assessments are conducted. After the second neuropsychological assessment, patients are assigned to the intervention group or waiting-list control group. The intervention consists of psychoeducation, compensation training, and retraining. Patients are advised to spend 3 h per week on the program for 10 wk. Immediately after completion of the program and a half-year thereafter, postintervention assessments take place. Patients in the control group are offered the opportunity to follow the program after all study assessments. EXPECTED OUTCOMES We expect that early cognitive rehabilitation has beneficial effects on cognitive performance and PROMs in brain tumor patients. DISCUSSION The iPad-based program allows brain tumor patients to follow a cognitive rehabilitation program from their homes. Forthcoming results may contribute to further improvement of supportive care for brain tumor patients.

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Neoplasms of the CNS (DRAFT)

10.1093/med/9780190650261.003.0016 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Tamara Kaplan ◽

Tracey Milligan

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Pituitary Adenoma ◽

Brain Tumors ◽

Metastatic Tumors ◽

Pineal Tumors ◽

Primary Brain Tumors ◽

Pediatric Medulloblastoma ◽

Pediatric Astrocytoma ◽

The Central Nervous System

The video in this chapter discusses neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS), including metastatic tumors, common primary brain tumors (pediatric astrocytoma, pediatric medulloblastoma, adult meningioma, and adult glioblastoma), as well as pituitary adenoma, and pineal tumors, which can present with Parinaud syndrome.

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