scholarly journals SS1-KL-1 APPLICATION OF AI TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICAL CARE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii2-ii2
Author(s):  
Ryuji Hamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Medical Instrument ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active State ◽  
Learning Improvement ◽  
Long Time

Abstract On the basis of progress of the Machine Learning algorithm mainly on the Deep Learning, improvement of the GPU performance, the large-scale public database such as TCGA is available, big attention recently gathers in the AI technology. While large countries such as the United States or China vigorously promote AI research and development by a national policy, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, also emphasized the importance of AI technologies in the 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan in 2016. As for the AI development, it is wrestled relatively for a long time; the word “Artificial Intelligence” was firstly used in the Dartmouth workshop in 1956. However, the AI development has not been promoted smoothly until now and repeats the active state period and the period of depression. As the current active state period of AI is called as the third AI boom, the most different point of this boom and the other booms is that AI technologies have already been involved in our social life such as the AI-based face authentication device in this period. Indeed, The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has already authorized around 30 AI-based medical instruments, and the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) in Japan also authorized the first AI-based medical instrument last year. Therefore, now is the important time that we need to consider deeply for the creation of an affluent society, which enables coexistence of human being and AI. In this lecture, I particularly focus on medical imaging analysis using AI technologies and, would like to lecture on an action to the medical care application of the AI technology based on the experience that promoted medical AI research as the leader of two national projects relevant to medical AI called CREST and PRISM, and RIKEN AIP center.

scholarly journals Beyond ICS: How Should We Govern Complex Disasters in the United States?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Branda Nowell ◽  
Toddi Steelman
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Network Governance ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
Incident Command System ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
Complex Disasters ◽  
Private Actors

Abstract The complexity of large-scale disasters requires governance structures that can integrate numerous responders quickly under often chaotic conditions. Complex disasters – by definition – span multiple jurisdictions and activate numerous response functions carried out by numerous legally autonomous public, nonprofit, and private actors. The command operating structure of the Incident Command System (ICS) is a hierarchical structure used to manage complex incidents. Increasingly, complex disasters are seen as networks of multiple actors. Improving our capacity to respond to large-scale, complex disasters requires moving beyond the “hierarchy versus networks” debate to understand the conditions under which governance structures can best serve disaster response goals. Understanding the capabilities and limitations of the governance structures embedded in our national policy tools and frameworks can enhance our ability to govern effectively in networked contexts. In this article, we suggest the need to shift focus to build greater capacity for hybrid and network governance approaches, including a more sophisticated understanding of the conditions under which these governance forms are most effective.

scholarly journals Źródła do dziejów Łemkowyny w latach 1917‑1921: stan poznania, kierunki poszukiwań, aneks dokumentacyjny

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 39-101
Author(s):  
Andrzej A. Zięba
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Economic Migration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Right

Source Materials for the History of the Lemko Region in the Years 1917‑1921: Current State of Knowing, Directions of Research, Documentation AnnexAt the beginning of the 20th century, the Lemko region was culturally active and documented its existence in writing, but the spoken word still played a major role in the social life. The course of history – even in such turbulent years as those between 1918 and 1921 – remained mainly in human memory. The generation of Lemkos who then co‑ created history and experienced, remembered and were to pass it on, suffered a traumatic fate – uprooting (Ukrainization), dispersion (economic migration, war and post‑war displacement to Ukraine), and finally exile (the “Wisła” action). Under these circumstances, not only did memory fail, but also documents were destroyed – these few literal traces of those times. None of the institutions created or managed by the Lemkos in the period analyzed survived for a long time. Although we know that they produced documents, these were not collected nor archived in the right way by these very institutions. Searching for the remnants of this documentation in private home archives in Poland, Ukraine and in the Lemko diaspora countries is an action necessary to recover the original documents, appeals and correspondence of the Lemko councils. It would be advisable to locate and catalogue ephemeral prints regarding the Lemko case – Rusyn, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Russian, Ukrainian. Some of the events and probably all the persons involved in them were photographed, but access to iconographic sources is very fragmentary, as these photographs often remain unrecoginsed. Apart from one archive (the collection of Zygmunt Lasocki in the National Archives in Krakow), own archives of non‑Lemko participants of events have not been found nor investigated – individual persons and institutions such as state organs, churches or political parties. Polish and Czech press, especially local press, has not been well‑ researched, apart from the Carpatho-Rusyn diaspora newspapers in the United States. It is of great importance to prepare a printed selection of basic sources for the history of the Lemko region in such an important period. It should contain basic declarations of Lemko councils, memorials addressed to state and international bodies, documentation of court proceedings against its activists, basic documents prepared by other forces active at the time in the Lemko region, and major press publications. The documentation annexed here (20 source texts) is just a sample of such a collection.

scholarly journals Philosophical aspects of the modern geopolitical realities of the world in context of the Soviet Union's victory over nazi Germany

KANT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Irina Lukinova ◽  
Svetlana Paletskaya
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time

This article proposes the author's concept of a key indicator for assessing the adequacy of geopolitics in the modern world; as such an indicator, the most key, largely unconditional and absolute, historical event of the last century was chosen - the USSR's Victory over fascist Germany and its allies, the result of which was the geopolitical system of the world, fixed by the documents of the Yalta Conference, which allowed for a relatively long time to ensure the relatively peaceful existence of countries and peoples. At present, Western countries led by the United States are making large-scale efforts aimed at dismantling this global geopolitical structure in order to establish completely different orders and realities in the world. For the complete destruction of the former world, established after the end of World War II, the West seeks to completely falsify its main results, especially the decisive role of the USSR in defeating fascist Germany, its allies and satellites. For this, an unprecedented attack was launched precisely on the Victory of the USSR; under these conditions, this key historical event becomes the main measure, a key indicator of the assessment of modern geopolitical realities of the world as a whole, as well as individual phenomena and processes of the modern historical era. Two main and interconnected features of the modern historical era (called by the author as the "1984 era") are revealed and justified: 1) its geopolitical-destructive nature; 2) its intentional design essence.

Environment, Damages, and Compensation

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Pfennigstorf
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Journal ◽  
State Statutes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Nuisance Law ◽  
Physical Comfort

This article, the first part of a larger study devoted to the compensation of damages caused by pollution, reviews the existing sources of compensation in the United States: the common law of torts, federal and state statutes, and various forms of commercial insurance coverages. It shows how the rules of nuisance law have remained flexible in response to changing customs and public policies, how for a long time prevailing attitudes favored industrial development and economic growth over physical comfort, and how increasing concerns about the long-term health effects of environmental pollution have created a trend in the opposite direction. The author also points out that the existing system of liability and compensation, which relies on individual actions and case-by-case adjudication, is not ideally suited for dealing with the effects of large-scale pollution or for the —primarily political—task of evaluating and balancing all of the interests and values, present and future, economic and noneconomic, that need to be considered before decisions can be made that are bound to affect the health and economic well-being of a large part of the population beyond the immediate parties to a lawsuit. This indicates a need for a comprehensive approach that would not only coordinate the rules concerning liability and those concerning insurance and other sources of compensation but would also make the compensation of pollution damages an integral part of a thoroughly rational and consistent environmental policy. The various possibilities of constructing such a comprehensive compensation system will be discussed in the second part of the study, to be published in a forthcoming issue of the American Bar Foundation Research Journal.

scholarly journals Fifty Years of Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Research at Cabauw Serving Weather, Air Quality and Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 177 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 583-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred C. Bosveld ◽  
Peter Baas ◽  
Anton C. M. Beljaars ◽  
Albert A. M. Holtslag ◽  
Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Observational Program

Abstract An overview is given of 50-year Cabauw observations and research on the structure and dynamics of the atmospheric boundary layer. It is shown that over time this research site with its 200-m meteorological tower has grown into an atmospheric observatory with a comprehensive observational program encompassing almost all aspects of the atmospheric column including its boundary conditions. This is accomplished by the Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research (CESAR) a consortium of research institutes. CESAR plays an important role in the educational programs of the CESAR universities. The current boundary-layer observational program is described in detail, and other parts of the CESAR observational program discussed more briefly. Due to an open data policy the CESAR datasets are used by researchers all over the world. Examples are given of the use of the long time series for model evaluation, satellite validation, and process studies. The role of tall towers is discussed in relation to the development of more and better ground-based remote sensing techniques. CESAR is now incorporated into the Ruisdael observatory, the large-scale atmospheric research infrastructure in the Netherlands. With Ruisdael the embedding of the Dutch atmospheric community in national policy landscape, and in the European atmospheric research infrastructures is assured for the coming decade.

scholarly journals Large Scale Manufacturing Businesses in Nagykanizsa at the Turn of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kaposi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Case ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Local Construction ◽  
The Town

This study deals with the industrialisation of the largest market centre of the Southwest Transdanubian Region of Hungary. Nagykanizsa was an agrarian town for a long time; however, a quick increase in trade began from the 1830s. The industry showed small plant traits. The industrialisation started in the 1880s in this region too. Newness was the mass-producing mechanised manufacturing. The manufacturing came into existence in three ways. The first case was when the already existing small plants were developed into factories due to the good trading opportunities. In the second case traders and craftsmen established businesses based on local innovations; therefore, new industries were acclimatised. And the third case was the creation of corporations which presumed large amount of capital. The capital of the large-scale industrial businesses mostly came from previous merchant activity and most of the business founders were merchants before. The evolution of the manufacturing industry was perceptible on every level of contemporary economic and social life. More and more labour migrated from agriculture to industries. Financing the local businesses gave a stable future for the local banks. The increasing number of factories aided local construction industry. Due to the development, industry became the most important sector in the structure of the economy of the town before World War I.

LANGUAGE MONITORING STUDY IN CHINA: PRACTICE AND REFLECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Shiju
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Research Systems ◽  
Monitoring Study ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Basic Characteristics

The monitoring of language life has a long history in China. Since the beginning of the 21st century, efforts have been made to establish research institutions, build platforms and research teams in order to monitor the language life in present-day China. Remarkable achievements have been made on a continuous, large-scale and regular basis, and a backbone team named “Language Life School” has also been formed, both of which have played an important role in serving relevant national policy-making, social life and academic studies. After the summary of language monitoring practices, the paper further explored the rules and theories so as to boost the development of language monitoring as a discipline. Seven main perspectives and four basic characteristics of language monitoring study have been generalized, and eight issues requiring further study have been discussed as well, including determination of boundaries and focuses, identification of authenticity and validness, cyberspace monitoring, formulation of rules and theories, improvement of technologies, means, approaches and research systems, mechanisms for the prediction and early warning of language situations and so on.

scholarly journals Spatial-Temporal Distribution Analysis of Industrial Heat Sources in the US with Geocoded, Tree-Based, Large-Scale Clustering

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3069
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Caihong Ma ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
Yuzhu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Data Clustering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Long Time Series ◽  
Long Time

Heavy industrial burning contributes significantly to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It is responsible for almost one-quarter of the global energy-related CO2 emissions and its share continues to grow. Mostly, those industrial emissions are accompanied by a great deal of high-temperature heat emissions from the combustion of carbon-based fuels by steel, petrochemical, or cement plants. Fortunately, these industrial heat emission sources treated as thermal anomalies can be detected by satellite-borne sensors in a quantitive way. However, most of the dominant remote sensing-based fire detection methods barely work well for heavy industrial heat source discernment. Although the object-oriented approach, especially the data clustering-based approach, has guided a novel method of detection, it is still limited by the costly computation and storage resources. Furthermore, when scaling to a national, or even global, long time-series detection, it is greatly challenged by the tremendous computation introduced by the incredible large-scale data clustering of tens of millions of high-dimensional fire data points. Therefore, we proposed an improved parallel identification method with geocoded, task-tree-based, large-scale clustering for the spatial-temporal distribution analysis of industrial heat emitters across the United States from long time-series active Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data. A recursive k-means clustering method is introduced to gradually segment and cluster industrial heat objects. Furthermore, in order to avoid the blindness caused by random cluster center initialization, the time series VIIRS hotspots data are spatially pre-grouped into GeoSOT-encoded grid tasks which are also treated as initial clustering objects. In addition, some grouped parallel clustering strategy together with geocoding-aware task tree scheduling is adopted to sufficiently exploit parallelism and performance optimization. Then, the spatial-temporal distribution pattern and its changing trend of industrial heat emitters across the United States are analyzed with the identified industrial heat sources. Eventually, the performance experiment also demonstrated the efficiency and encouraging scalability of this approach.

scholarly journals Weapons turnover in the civil law of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
I.P. Hrybachova ◽  
Y.A. Shevtsov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Media ◽  
European Standards

Now days Ukrainian legislation is at the stage of active reformation in order to modernize It and adapt it to European standards. The changes affected all branches of law, including civil law. Now, such changes are mainly related to issues of intellectual property, land ownership, legal personality of persons and a number of procedural issues. In many areas of society, there is a partial liberalization of processes, including, both from the state and from the population, there are more and more proposals for the introduction of things that were previously completely or partially restricted in circulation. That is why, against the background of large-scale reforms, the issue of legalizing weapons for the population has become quite resonant. The issue of weapons has always been of interest to Ukrainians. there have been numerous discussions in the media, public discussions in society and even in political circles. Proponents of gun liberalization say this will allow everyone to protect themselves, their families and their property. They also often refer to the success of legalization in the United States and European countries, such as Finland, Germany, Estonia, Italy, and others [14]. However, there are a large number of opponents of the legalization of weapons, who explain their position by saying that weapons are too dangerous to be owned by everyone. The article is devoted to the analysis current legislation which is regulate the law aspects of weapons, the necessity legalization of weapons, the research of related problems and ways of their solution. Therefore, it is very important to explore the prospect of legalizing weapons in order to understand how this is possible and really necessary in Ukraine today. In addition, it is very appropriate to investigate the legal aspect of civil arms trafficking, because for a long time, the legislation has not changed or been updated, so there is a real necessity to strengthen control over civilian weapon trafficking.

Systematic approaches to fragility fracture prevention

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
D. B. Lee ◽  
P. J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Fracture Prevention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fracture Liaison Service ◽  
Reimbursement Mechanisms ◽  
Future Fracture ◽  
National Coalition ◽  
Fracture Liaison

SummaryIndividuals who have suffered fractures caused by osteoporosis – also known as fragility fractures – are the most readily identifiable group at high risk of suffering future fractures. Globally, the majority of these individuals do not receive the secondary preventive care that they need. The Fracture Liaison Service model (FLS) has been developed to ensure that fragility fracture patients are reliably identified, investigated for future fracture and falls risk, and initiated on treatment in accordance with national clinical guidelines. FLS have been successfully established in Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America and Oceania, and their widespread implementation is endorsed by leading national and international osteoporosis organisations. Multi-sector coalitions have expedited inclusion of FLS into national policy and reimbursement mechanisms. The largest national coalition, the National Bone Health Alliance (NBHA) in the United States, provides an exemplar of achieving participation and consensus across sectors. Initiatives developed by NBHA could serve to inform activities of new and emerging coalitions in other countries.

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