scholarly journals Developing Pictorial Cigarillo Warnings: Insights From Focus Groups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cornacchione Ross ◽  
Jessica L King ◽  
Allison J Lazard ◽  
Seth M Noar ◽  
Beth A Reboussin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Cognitive Reactions ◽  
Pictorial Warnings ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Introduction The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) selected six text-only warnings for cigarillos to be implemented on packaging and advertising. Pictorial warnings are more effective at discouraging cigarette use than text-only warnings, yet no research exists for cigarillos. We sought to understand what types of images might be most effectively paired with the cigarillo text warnings to inform broad principles for developing pictorial warnings, with a focus on young adults, who have the highest rate of cigarillo use. Methods We conducted five focus groups with a total of N = 30 young adult cigarillo users and susceptible nonusers (53% female, 50% White, and 33% Black). Participants were shown four to eight unique images for each of the six text statements and were asked about visual–verbal congruency, emotional and cognitive reactions, and perceived effectiveness of each image. Sessions were recorded and transcribed; two investigators independently coded transcripts for emergent themes. Results Participants reported images that were graphic or “gross” would best grab attention and discourage use of cigarillos. Participants preferred images that were a direct illustration of the information in the warning text, rather than abstract images that required more cognitive effort to understand. Participants also highlighted that including people in the images, especially youth and young adults making eye contact, helped them relate to the warnings, garner their attention, and positively influence their reactions. Conclusions We identified several principles to inform the selection of images to pair with the FDA-required cigarillo text statements. These insights may also apply to pictorial warnings for other tobacco products. Implications This focus group study identified principles for selecting images to develop pictorial warnings for the six FDA text-only cigarillo warnings. We found that young adult cigarillo users and susceptible nonusers preferred images that were graphic and gross, believable, congruent to the warning text, and included people. Images that match young adults’ visual expectations of a disease and are emotion-provoking may be most effective in pictorial warnings and highlight challenges for developing pictorial warnings for health effects that do not have a visible health consequence.

scholarly journals Predictors of E-Cigarette Initiation: Findings From the Youth and Young Adult Panel Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1179173X2097748
Author(s):  
Navitha Jayakumar ◽  
Shawn O’Connor ◽  
Lori Diemert ◽  
Robert Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

Objectives: Although previous studies have identified reasons why youth try e-cigarettes, longitudinal research is needed to identify predictors of e-cigarette initiation. This study assesses predictors of e-cigarette initiation among youth and young adults in the 2018-2019 Youth and Young Adult Panel Study. Methods: This study examined the proportion of Canadian participants aged 16 to 25 (n = 137) reporting never use of e-cigarettes at baseline in 2018. Individuals were categorized as not initiated and initiated at 12-month follow-up. We examined demographic characteristics, substance use, health status, social influences and perception by initiation category. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were calculated using logistic regression models and multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Among the 137 never e-cigarette users at baseline, 59% remained never users while 41% initiated use of e-cigarettes during the 12-month follow-up. The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that regularly seeing anyone use e-cigarettes (AOR: 4.11; 95% CI: 1.04, 16.31) and seeing anyone use e-cigarettes very often or always at baseline (AOR: 4.54; 95% CI: 1.21, 17.01) is associated with initiating e-cigarette use among youth and young adults. Conclusion: The results revealed social influences to be the most important predictors of initiation among youth and young adults. Interventions to prevent youth and young adults from initiating e-cigarette use should expand from only focusing on peer use to reducing use in public space such as parks and recreational facilities.

scholarly journals Young Adult Identification and Perception of Hashtag-Based Vaping Claims on Instagram

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-618
Author(s):  
Linnea I. Laestadius ◽  
Kendall Penndorf ◽  
Melissa Seidl ◽  
Pallav Pokhrel ◽  
Ryan Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Practical Constraints

Social media platforms are home to large volumes of ambiguous hashtag-based claims about the health, modified-risk, and cessation benefits of electronic cigarette products (e.g., #Vapingsavedmylife). The objective of this study was to qualitatively explore how young adults interpret these hashtags on the popular platform Instagram. Specifically, we sought to identify if they view these hashtags as making health-related claims, and if they find these claims to be credible and valid. We conducted 12 focus groups in 2018 with non–tobacco users, smokers, dual users, and vapers between the ages of 18 and 24 ( n = 69). Using real Instagram posts to guide discussion, participants reflected on the meaning of potentially claims-making hashtags. Participants interpreted the majority of the hashtags as making health-related claims. However, many participants felt that the claims were too exaggerated to be entirely valid. Some participants, including dual users and vapers, argued that smoking and vaping were largely equivalent. Smokers were particularly skeptical of claims. Findings suggest that the U. S. Food and Drug Administration should consider hashtag-based claims in their regulatory efforts. However, further research is needed on how to pragmatically address claims taking the form of hashtags given legal and practical constraints.

scholarly journals Expectations and Prospects of Young Adult Caregivers Regarding the Support of Professionals: A Qualitative Focus Group Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4299
Author(s):  
Hinke M. van der Werf ◽  
Wolter Paans ◽  
Geertjan Emmens ◽  
Anneke L. Francke ◽  
Petrie F. Roodbol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Education Professionals ◽  
Adult Caregivers

There is a lack of service provision for young adult caregivers (18–25 years of age). This study aims to describe the expectations and prospects of young adult caregivers regarding support from health and education professionals. A qualitative focus group design was used. Twenty-five young Dutch adults (aged 18–25 years) who were growing up with a chronically ill family member participated in one of seven focus groups. Qualitative inductive analysis was used to identify codes and main themes. Two overarching themes with five sub-themes emerged from the focus group discussions. The overarching themes are: the ‘process of approaching young adults’ and the ‘types of support these young adults require’. The process of approaching young adults contains the sub-themes: ‘recognition, attention, and listening’, ‘open-minded attitude’, ‘reliability’, and ‘respecting autonomy’. The types of support this group requires contains the sub-themes: ‘information and emotional support’. Health and education professionals should first and foremost be aware and listen to young adult caregivers, pay attention to them, have an open-minded attitude, respect their autonomy, and have the knowledge to provide them with information and emotional support. Further research could yield comprehensive insights into how professionals can meet these requirements and whether these results apply to male young adult caregivers and young adult caregivers not enrolled in a healthcare-related study program.

scholarly journals Assessing the Appeal of Instagram Electronic Cigarette Refill Liquid Promotions and Warnings Among Young Adults: Mixed Methods Focus Group Study

10.2196/15441 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. e15441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linnea I Laestadius ◽  
Kendall E Penndorf ◽  
Melissa Seidl ◽  
Young I Cho
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
User Perceptions ◽  
Regulatory Strategies

Background While marketing for electronic cigarette refill liquids (e-liquids) is widespread on Instagram, little is known about the post elements that create appeal among young adult Instagram users. Further information is needed to help shape regulatory strategies appropriate for social media. Objective This study examined young adult Instagram user perceptions of actual e-liquid marketing posts and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–mandated nicotine addiction warning statements on Instagram. Methods A series of 12 focus groups (n=69) were held with non–tobacco users, vapers, smokers, and dual users in Wisconsin between September and December 2018. Participants discussed the elements of posts that they found appealing or unappealing, in addition to completing a survey about each post and e-liquid. Focus group transcripts were analyzed by smoking status using a framework analysis approach. Results Although willingness to try e-liquids was highest among nicotine users, focus group discussions indicated that Instagram posts promoting e-liquids held appeal for individuals across smoking statuses. The primary elements that created appeal were the perceived trustworthiness of the Instagram account, attractive design and flavor visuals, and promotion of flavors and nicotine levels that met personal preferences. Post appeal was reduced by references to vaping subcultures, indicators that the post creator did not take nicotine addiction seriously, and FDA-mandated nicotine warning statements. Non–tobacco users were particularly drawn to posts featuring nicotine-free e-liquids with attractive visual designs and flavors known from foods. Conclusions Young adults consider a broad range of elements in assessing the appeal of e-liquid marketing on Instagram, with minor but notable distinctions by smoking status. Non–tobacco users are uniquely drawn to nicotine-free e-liquids and are more deterred by the FDA’s mandated nicotine addiction warning statements than those from other smoking statuses. This suggests that it may be possible to tailor policy interventions in a manner that helps to reduce novel uptake of vaping without significantly diminishing its potential harm-reduction benefits.

scholarly journals Young Adult E-cigarette Use and Retail Exposure in 6 US Metropolitan Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Carla J Berg ◽  
Xuejing Duan ◽  
Betelihem Getachew ◽  
Kim Pulvers ◽  
Natalie D. Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Age Verification ◽  
Vape Shops

Objectives: Given the need to understand e-cigarette retail and its impact, we examined so- ciodemographic, tobacco and marijuana use, and e-cigarette retail experiences as correlates of (1) past 30-day e-cigarette use, (2) past 30-day advertising/media exposure, and (3) point-of-sale age verification among young adults. Methods: We analyzed baseline survey data (September- December, 2018) among 3006 young adults (ages 18-34) in 6 metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Boston, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, San Diego, Seattle) in a 2-year longitudinal study. Results: In this sample (Mage = 24.6, 42.3% male, 71.6% white, 11.4% Hispanic), 37.7% (N = 1133) were past 30-day e-cigarette users; 68.6% (N = 2062; non-users: 66.0%, users: 72.9%) reported past 30-day e-cigarette-related advertising/media exposure. Among e-cigarette users, vape shops were the most common source of e-cigarettes (44.7%) followed by online (18.2%). Among users, 34.2% were "almost always" asked for age verification. In multilevel logistic regression, e-cigarette use and advertising/media exposure were correlated (and both correlated with being younger). E- cigarette use also correlated with other tobacco product and marijuana use (and being male and white). Infrequent age verification correlated with commonly purchasing e-cigarettes online (and being older and black). Conclusions: Increased efforts are needed to reduce young adult advertising/media exposure and increase retailer compliance among retailers, particularly online and vape shops.

Perceived addiction to vaping among youth and young adult regular vapers

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055352
Author(s):  
Alexia Camara-Medeiros ◽  
Lori Diemert ◽  
Shawn O'Connor ◽  
Robert Schwartz ◽  
Thomas Eissenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
People’S Perceptions

BackgroundThe prevalence of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults has increased markedly in recent years; however, little is known about young people’s perceptions of e-cigarette addiction. This study examines factors associated with self-reported addiction to e-cigarette use among this population.MethodsIn 2018, 1048 Canadians aged 16–25 years were recruited through online social media platforms to complete a survey. Quota sampling was used to oversample regular e-cigarette users (vaping at least weekly); these 578 regular users were included in this analysis. Self-perceived addiction was assessed by asking participants if they felt they were ‘very’, ‘somewhat’ or ‘not at all’ addicted to e-cigarettes. A proportional odds model was employed to identify factors associated with the ordinal outcome.ResultsAlmost half of regular users perceived themselves to be ‘not at all addicted’, 41% felt they were ‘somewhat addicted’ and 13% felt they were very addicted to e-cigarettes. Women, former cigarette smokers, daily vapers and those vaping for more than a year were more likely to report higher levels of perceived addiction. Similarly, high sensation-seeking youth, those reading blogs and websites about vaping, those frequently dripping and those using higher nicotine strengths had a greater likelihood of higher perceived addiction than their respective counterparts.ConclusionMore than half of youth and young adult regular e-cigarette users felt they had some level of addiction. The findings identify possible opportunities for targeted programming for education and treatment, as well as potential opportunities for policy change such as maximum allowable nicotine strengths.

scholarly journals Youth and Young Adult Convenience Store Behaviors: Findings From Intercept Surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2092-2097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L King ◽  
Kimberly G Wagoner ◽  
Beth A Reboussin ◽  
Erin L Sutfin
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young People ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Gas Station

Abstract Introduction To inform tobacco policy and prevention efforts, we examined youth and young adult behaviors at gas-station-convenience stores and whether these behaviors varied by demographics or tobacco use. Aims and Methods Between June and July 2017, we conducted 990 intercept surveys at convenience stores in North Carolina among 16- to 25-year olds who were susceptible to or used tobacco. We used logistic regression to examine whether demographics or tobacco use predicted pumping gas, entering the store, or purchasing tobacco, gas, food, lottery tickets, or other items inside the store. Results Most participants (85.3%) reported ever using tobacco. Most visited that store at least once per week (40.3%) or once within the past month (41.2%). Just over half (55.0%) reported pumping gas at the store. Of those who went or planned to go inside (68.8%), 43.2% purchased food, 39.2% purchased gas, 33.1% purchased tobacco, and 6.8% purchased lottery tickets. Those who were aged 21–25, visited the store two to three times a week, and went inside already were more likely to purchase tobacco (all p < .05). Past 30-day cigarette, cigar, smokeless, and other tobacco uses were positively associated with purchasing tobacco (all p < .05). Conclusions Our sample of young people who were susceptible to or ever used tobacco regularly visited gas-station-convenience stores, and one-third purchased or planned to purchase tobacco during their visit. Convenience stores appear to be an important access point for young people. Practitioners and policy makers should consider a comprehensive set of strategies to reduce access among youth and young adults. Implications We conducted 990 intercept surveys among youth and young adults at gas-station-convenience stores. Among our sample of those who had ever used tobacco or were susceptible to use, most visited the store frequently and one-third purchased tobacco, particularly those who used cigarettes and cigars. Tobacco companies heavily market in convenience stores, and our results show tobacco is a product often purchased by susceptible young adults. Practitioners and policy makers should consider prioritizing efforts at convenience stores to reduce product purchase and use.

Identifying message themes to prevent e-cigarette use among youth and young adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 106683
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Rath ◽  
Alexa R. Romberg ◽  
Siobhan N. Perks ◽  
Domonique Edwards ◽  
Donna M. Vallone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

scholarly journals An Integrative Exploration of Sexual, Physical, Psychological, and Cyber-Digital Relationship Abuse in Adolescent and Young Adult Relationships

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Saint-Eloi Cadely ◽  
Tiffani Kisler
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Relationship Abuse ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

Although detrimental for any age group, rates of experiencing sexual assault (SA) are found to be the highest among young adults; with nearly 25% of young adult women indicating to have experienced SA at least once in their romantic relationship. SA is also common among adolescents, as 33% of young women between the ages of 11–17 indicated to have been raped. The effects from SA include depression, trauma, and interpersonal distress, which are similar to the effects of other forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) (i.e., physical and psychological aggression), suggesting a covariation between these various forms of aggression. Additionally, a new form of dating violence has emerged; cyber-digital relationship abuse (CDRA). This behavior is commonly expressed via means of social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, & Snapchat) and through digital means (e.g., texting and email) whereby youth and young adults harass, threaten, control, and monitor their partners whereabouts. Recent studies have indicated that CDRA may serve as a precursor to physical violence in dating relationships. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an integrative exploration of sexual, physical, psychological, and CDRA by tracking the progression and concurrence across these various forms of IPV among youth and young adults. Implications for interventions will also be discussed.

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