scholarly journals Health risks of kretek cigarettes: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desy Nuryunarsih ◽  
Sarah Lewis ◽  
Tessa Langley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Abstract Objective To review the evidence on the health risks associated with smoking kretek cigarettes compared with not smoking or smoking regular cigarettes. Data Sources We conducted a systematic literature search in five electronic databases: EMBASE (Ovid), ASSIA, PubMed and Scopus. Since kretek use is largely restricted to Indonesia, we identified additional studies using an online search for grey literature and studies in Indonesian journals and the National Library of Indonesia. We included relevant search terms in English (“kretek” and “clove cigarettes”) and Bahasa (“rokok” and “merokok”). Study selection Studies which compared any health outcome between smokers of kretek cigarettes and non-smokers or smokers of regular cigarettes. We included studies in any smokers compared to non-smokers in Indonesia, since most Indonesian smokers use kretek, but analysed these separately. Data Extraction Study data were extracted by a single reviewer and checked by two reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data synthesis We identified 32 studies, all from Indonesia. There were 31 cross-sectional studies and one case control study. This systematic review identified a relatively limited number of studies, and most of these were of poor quality as assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa score. They were generally cross-sectional, small and lacking justification for sample size, had high potential for selection bias because of lack of data on non-respondents or those lost to follow up, and missing information about the statistical analysis. Fourteen studies looked specifically at kretek exposure and eighteen looked at any type of cigarette exposure but were conducted in Indonesia are therefore likely to predominantly reflect kretek exposure. Kretek were found to be associated with oral cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic health disease, myocardial infarction, asthma, and oral diseases. Conclusion Although existing studies are of poor quality, kretek are likely to be at least as harmful as regular cigarettes.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in animals in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdou Fatawou Modiyinji ◽  
Jean Joel Bigna ◽  
Sebastien Kenmoe ◽  
Fredy Brice N. Simo ◽  
Marie A. Amougou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Language Restriction

Abstract Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis in humans worldwide and have high burden in the resource-limited countries. Better knowledge of the epidemiology of hepatitis in animals in Africa can help to understand the epidemiology among humans. The objective of this study was to summarize the prevalence of HEV infection and distribution of HEV genotypes among animals in Africa. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE, African Journals Online, and Africa Index Medicus from January 1st, 2000 to March 22th, 2020 without any language restriction. We considered cross-sectional studies of HEV infection in animals in Africa. Study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality of included studies were done independently by two investigators. Prevalence data were pooled using the random-effects meta-analysis. This review was registered in PROSPERO, CRD42018087684. Results Twenty-five studies (13 species and 6983 animals) were included. The prevalence (antibodies or ribonucleic acid [RNA]) of HEV infection in animals varied widely depending on biological markers of HEV infection measured: 23.4% (95% confidence interval; 12.0–37.2) for anti-HEV immunoglobulins G, 13.1% (3.1–28.3) for anti-HEV immunoglobulins M, and 1.8% (0.2–4.3) for RNA; with substantial heterogeneity. In subgroup analysis, the immunoglobulins G seroprevalence was higher among pigs 37.8% (13.9–65.4). The following HEV genotypes were reported in animals: Rat-HEV genotype 1 (rats and horses), HEV-3 (pigs), HEV-7 (dromedaries), and Bat hepeviruses (bats). Conclusions We found a high prevalence of HEV infection in animals in Africa and HEV genotypes close to that of humans. Some animals in Africa could be the reservoir of HEV, highlighting the need of molecular epidemiological studies for investigating zoonotic transmission.

scholarly journals What does my neighbourhood have to do with my weight? A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic status and body weight

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e017567
Author(s):  
Shimels Hussien Mohammed ◽  
Mulugeta Molla Birhanu ◽  
Tesfamichael Awoke Sissay ◽  
Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold ◽  
Balewgizie Sileshi Tegegn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Using Data

IntroductionIndividuals living in poor neighbourhoods are at a higher risk of overweight/obesity. There is no systematic review and meta-analysis study on the association of neighbourhood socioeconomic status (NSES) with overweight/obesity. We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse the existing evidence on the association of NSES with overweight/obesity.Methods and analysisCross-sectional, case–control and cohort studies published in English from inception to 15 May 2017 will be systematically searched using the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar. Selection, screening, reviewing and data extraction will be done by two reviewers, independently and in duplicate. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) will be used to assess the quality of evidence. Publication bias will be checked by visual inspection of funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Heterogeneity will be checked by Higgins’s method (I2statistics). Meta-analysis will be done to estimate the pooled OR. Narrative synthesis will be performed if meta-analysis is not feasible due to high heterogeneity of studies.Ethics and disseminationEthical clearance is not required as we will be using data from published articles. Findings will be communicated through a publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentations at professional conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017063889.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Among Patients With Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mirzaie ◽  
Mohammad Vahidi ◽  
Mostafa Shokoohi ◽  
Maryam Darvishian ◽  
Hamid Sharifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Case Series Report

Context: Hepatic manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are common among people infected with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Objectives: This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence on COVID-19 patients with HBV or HCV co-infections. Data Sources: We searched multiple electronic databases and preprint servers from December 1, 2019, to August 9, 2020. Study Selection: Studies were included if they reported quantitative empirical data on COVID-19 patients with HBV or HCV co-infections. Data Extraction: Descriptive analyses were reported, and data were synthesized narratively. The quality assessment was completed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Results: Out of 941 identified records, 27 studies were included. Of the eligible studies, 232 patients with COVID-19 were infected with HBV and 22 patients with HCV. Most patients were male, and the mean age was 49.8 and 62.8 years in patients with HBV and HCV, respectively. Among the reported cases of SARS-CoV-2-HBV co-infection, the proportions of death were 4.7% and 15% in cross-sectional and case series/report studies, respectively. The death proportion was 8.8% among the reported cases of SARS-CoV-2-HCV co-infection. Among COVID-19 patients, 34.1% and 76.2% reported at least one comorbidity besides HBV and HCV infections, mainly hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The most common COVID-19-related symptoms in both HBV and HCV groups were fever, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusions: While understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 requires further investigations, the careful assessment of hepatic manifestations and chronic infections such as HBV and HCV upon the admission of COVID-19 patients could help reduce multimorbidity among HBV or HCV patients and lead to more favorable health outcomes among them.

scholarly journals A systematic review of factors that enable psychological safety in healthcare teams

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Róisín O’donovan ◽  
Eilish Mcauliffe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Observational Measures ◽  
Healthcare Teams ◽  
Study Selection

Abstract Purpose The current systematic review will identify enablers of psychological safety within the literature in order to produce a comprehensive list of factors that enable psychological safety specific to healthcare teams. Data sources A keyword search strategy was developed and used to search the following electronic databases PsycINFO, ABI/INFORM, Academic search complete and PubMed and grey literature databases OpenGrey, OCLC WorldCAT and Espace. Study selection Peer-reviewed studies relevant to enablers of psychological safety in healthcare setting that were published between 1999 and 2019 were eligible for inclusion. Covidence, an online specialized systematic review website, was used to screen records. Data extraction, quality appraisal and narrative synthesis were conducted on identified papers. Data extraction Thirty-six relevant studies were identified for full review and data extraction. A data extraction template was developed and included sections for the study methodology and the specific enablers identified within each study. Results of data synthesis Identified studies were reviewed using a narrative synthesis. Within the 36 articles reviewed, 13 enablers from across organizational, team and individual levels were identified. These enablers were grouped according to five broader themes: priority for patient safety, improvement or learning orientation, support, familiarity with colleagues, status, hierarchy and inclusiveness and individual differences. Conclusion This systematic review of psychological safety literature identifies a list of enablers of psychological safety within healthcare teams. This list can be used as a first step in developing observational measures and interventions to improve psychological safety in healthcare teams.

scholarly journals Pediatric Hand Fracture Referring Practices: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Hartley ◽  
Anna R. Todd ◽  
Alan R. Harrop ◽  
Frankie O. G. Fraulin
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hand Fractures ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Primary Care Education ◽  
Hand Fracture ◽  
Study Designs

Background: Pediatric hand fractures are common, but few require surgery; therefore, these fractures are often perceived to be overreferred. Our objective is to systematically identify and describe pediatric hand fracture referring practices. Method: A scoping review was performed, searching electronic databases and grey literature up to January 2018 to identify referring practices for children (17 years and younger) with hand fractures (defined as radiographically confirmed fractures distal to the carpus) to hand surgeons. All study designs were included, and study selection and data extraction were independently performed in duplicate by 2 reviewers. Outcomes included referring rates, necessity of referral, referring criteria, and management of fractures. Results: Twenty (10 cross-sectional, 7 prospective cohorts, and 3 narrative reviews) studies reporting on referring practices or management of 21,624 pediatric hand fractures were included. Proportion of pediatric hand fractures referred to hand surgeons ranged from 6.5% to 100%. Unnecessary referral, defined as those fractures within the scope of primary care management, ranged from 27% to 78.1%. Ten studies reported referring criteria, with 14 unique criteria identified. The most common referring criteria were displacement (36.4%), loss of joint congruity (36.4%), and instability (36.4%). The most common justification for these criteria was increased likelihood of requiring surgery. The most common initial management was immobilization (66%-100%). Final management was provided by orthopedic or plastic hand surgeons with 0% to 32.9% of fractures requiring surgery. Conclusion: Referring practices vary widely in the literature. Major gaps in the literature include objective measures and justification for referring criteria and primary care education on hand fracture referring practices.

scholarly journals Cervical Cancer Epidemiology, Prevention and Screening among Women Living with HIV in the Americas region: A Systematic Review Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Caicedo-Martínez ◽  
Camila Ordóñez-Reyes ◽  
Ginna Fernández-Deaza ◽  
Raúl Murillo ◽  
Maeve B Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Cancer Epidemiology ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Screening And Prevention ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are more prone to persistent infection with high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and development of cervical pre-cancer and cancer. Health systems should integrate HPV and HIV services considering particularities of WLHIV when offering comprehensive cervical cancer services. Objectives: To synthesize existing knowledge on cervical cancer epidemiology, as well as access to screening and prevention among women living with HIV in the Americas Region. Methods: Nine PICO questions will orient a systematic review of published literature in Medline and LILACS; supplemented with cross-referencing and search of grey literature in Trip and Google-Scholar. The protocol will follow PRISMA-P standards. Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts independently; disagreements will be solved by consensus. Verification of eligibility based on full-text reading will be carried out. Studies finally included will be assessed for risk of bias based on standard tools by type of study. Data extraction tables will be built for every PICO question and reported in a structured format. A meta-analysis will be performed depending upon the results. Discussion: This systematic review anticipates finding valuable information for policy makers and public health actors as it aims to provide new data on a special population from the Americas region.

scholarly journals Proton pump inhibitors use and risk of preeclampsia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Hussain ◽  
Ambrish Singh ◽  
Benny Antony ◽  
Jitka Klugarová ◽  
Miloslav Klugar
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

AbstractPreeclampsia is one of the common complications of pregnancy and is characterized by high blood pressure. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease among pregnant women. Recently, multiple epidemiological studies suggested the association between PPIs use and the risk of preeclampsia. This study aims to review the evidence and meta-analyse the pooled risk of preeclampsia in PPI users from epidemiological studies. Databases-MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Emcare, and CINAHL (EBSCO) as well as sources of grey literature, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform will be searched to identify the epidemiological studies assessing the association between PPIs use and the risk of preeclampsia. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment will be performed by two independent authors. The risk of bias among included studies will be evaluated by using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The pooled effect of PPIs use on the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women is the primary outcome of interest. Meta-analysis will be performed using Review Manager version 5.4.

scholarly journals Checklists to Detect Potential Predatory Biomedical Journals: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Cukier ◽  
Lucas Helal ◽  
Danielle B Rice ◽  
Justina Pupkaite ◽  
Nadera Ahmadzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Predatory Journals ◽  
Ottawa Hospital ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Library Websites

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe believe there is a large number of checklists to help authors detect predatory journals. It is uncertain whether these checklists contain similar content.PurposePerform a systematic review to identify checklists to detect potential predatory journals and to examine their content and measurement properties.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, Web of Science and Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (January 2012 to November 2018), university library websites (January 2019), YouTube (January 2019).Study SelectionOriginal checklists used to detect potential predatory journals published in English, French or Portuguese, with instructions in point form, bullet form, tabular format or listed items, not including lists or guidance on recognizing “legitimate” or “trustworthy” journals.Data ExtractionPairs of reviewers independently extracted study data and assessed checklist quality and a third reviewer resolved conflicts.Data SynthesisOf 1528 records screened, 93 met our inclusion criteria. The majority of included checklists were in English (n = 90, 97%), could be completed in fewer than five minutes (n = 68, 73%), had an average of 11 items, which were not weighted (n = 91, 98%), did not include qualitative guidance (n = 78, 84%) or quantitative guidance (n = 91, 98%), were not evidence-based (n = 90, 97%) and covered a mean of four (of six) thematic categories. Only three met our criteria for being evidence-based.LimitationsLimited languages and years of publication, searching other media.ConclusionsThere is a plethora of published checklists that may overwhelm authors looking to efficiently guard against publishing in predatory journals. The similarity in checklists could lead to the creation of evidence-based tools serving authors from all disciplines.Funding SourceThis project received no specific funding. David Moher is supported by a University Research Chair (University of Ottawa). Danielle Rice is supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Health Systems Impact Fellowship; Lucas Helal is supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001, PDSE - 88881.189100/2018 - 01. Manoj Lalu is supported by The Ottawa Hospital Anesthesia Alternate Funds Association.

scholarly journals Obsessed with Healthy Eating: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies Assessing Orthorexia Nervosa in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3823
Author(s):  
Maria G. Grammatikopoulou ◽  
Konstantinos Gkiouras ◽  
Georgia Polychronidou ◽  
Chrysi Kaparounaki ◽  
Kalliopi K. Gkouskou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is an unspecified feeding or eating disorder (USFED) characterized by an exaggerated, unhealthy obsession with healthy eating. Τypical eating disorders (EDs) and USFEDs are common among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), which complicates metabolic control and disease outcomes. The present systematic review summarizes the evidence on the prevalence of ON symptomatology among patients with DM. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and grey literature were searched, and relevant observational studies were screened using the Rayyan software. The quality of the studies was assessed using the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS) and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS). Out of 4642 studies, 6 fulfilled the predefined criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most studies relied on the ORTO-15 or its adaptations to identify ON among patients with DM. No apparent sex or age differences exist regarding the prevalence of ON symptoms. None of the studies compared the prevalence of ON in patients with type 1 and type 2 DM. Most of the research was of average to good methodological quality. In conclusion, patients with DM often exhibit ON tendencies, although research is still limited regarding the etiology or mechanistic drivers behind ON and the characteristics of patients with a dual ON–DM diagnosis.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity, Loneliness, and Social Isolation. A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8688 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Hajek ◽  
Benedikt Kretzler ◽  
Hans-Helmut König
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Final Synthesis

No systematic review has appeared so far synthesizing the evidence regarding multimorbidity and loneliness, social isolation, or social frailty. Consequently, our aim was to fill this gap. Three electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) were searched in our study. Observational studies examining the link between multimorbidity and loneliness, social isolation, and social frailty were included, whereas disease-specific samples were excluded. Data extraction included methods, characteristics of the sample, and the main results. A quality assessment was conducted. Two reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. In sum, eight studies were included in the final synthesis. Some cross-sectional and longitudinal studies point to an association between multimorbidity and increased levels of loneliness. However, the associations between multimorbidity and social isolation as well as social frailty remain largely underexplored. The quality of the studies included was rather high. In conclusion, most of the included studies showed a link between multimorbidity and increased loneliness. However, there is a lack of studies examining the association between multimorbidity and social isolation as well as social frailty. Future studies are required to shed light on these important associations. This is particularly important in times of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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