scholarly journals Associations Between Exposure and Receptivity to Branded Cigarette Advertising and Subsequent Brand Preference Among US Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Bridgid Moran ◽  
Samir Soneji ◽  
Andy S L Tan ◽  
Kelvin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Cigarette Advertising ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Subsequent Preference

Abstract Introduction Exposure and receptivity to cigarette advertising are well-established predictors of cigarette use overall. However, less is known about whether exposure and receptivity to advertising for specific brands of cigarettes (ie, Marlboro, Camel, and Newport) are longitudinally associated with any subsequent cigarette use and subsequent use of those specific brands. Methods We analyzed data from a US sample of 7325 young adults aged 18–24 years who completed both Wave 1 and Wave 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. Weighted logistic regression models were used to examine (1) among Wave 1 never-smokers, associations between Wave 1 exposure and receptivity to advertising for Marlboro, Camel, and Newport and subsequent overall and brand-specific smoking initiation at Wave 2, and (2) among Wave 1 ever-smokers, associations between Wave 1 exposure and receptivity to advertising for Marlboro, Camel, and Newport and subsequent preference of those brands at Wave 2. Results Among Wave 1 young-adult never-smokers, exposure to Camel advertising, but not Marlboro or Newport, was associated with smoking initiation with any brand of cigarettes at Wave 2. Among Wave 1 young-adult ever-smokers, receptivity to Marlboro, Camel, and Newport advertising was associated with subsequent preference for each brand, respectively, at Wave 2. Conclusions This study found evidence for the association between receptivity to branded cigarette marketing and subsequent use of that brand. These findings provide evidence regarding the pathways through which cigarette marketing attracts young adults to use cigarettes and can inform tobacco prevention and counter-marketing efforts. Implications This study extends prior work on the effects of cigarette advertising exposure and receptivity by illustrating the brand specificity of this advertising. These findings provide evidence that receptivity to branded cigarette advertising is longitudinally associated with preference for those specific cigarette brands.

scholarly journals E-Cigarette Use in Young Adult Never Cigarette Smokers with Disabilities: Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5476
Author(s):  
Nkiruka C. Atuegwu ◽  
Mark D. Litt ◽  
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin ◽  
Reinhard C. Laubenbacher ◽  
Mario F. Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Never Smokers

Young adult never cigarette smokers with disabilities may be at particular risk for adopting e-cigarettes, but little attention has been paid to these people. This study examines the associations between different types of disability and e-cigarette use in this population. Young adult never-smokers from the 2016–2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey who were either never or current e-cigarette users (n = 79,177) were selected for the analysis. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to select confounders for multivariable logistic regression models. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the associations between current e-cigarette use and different types of disability after incorporating BRFSS survey design and adjusting for confounders. Young adult never-smokers who reported any disability had increased odds (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.18–1.76) of e-cigarette use compared to those who reported no disability. Young adult never-smokers who reported self-care, cognitive, vision, and independent living disabilities had higher odds of e-cigarette use compared to those who reported no disability. There was no statistically significant difference in the odds of e-cigarette use for those reporting hearing and mobility disabilities compared to those who reported no disability. This study highlights the need for increased public education and cessation programs for this population.

scholarly journals Use of Flavored E-Cigarettes Among Adolescents, Young Adults, and Older Adults: Findings From the Population Assessment for Tobacco and Health Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir S. Soneji ◽  
Kristin E. Knutzen ◽  
Andrea C. Villanti
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Concurrent Use

Objectives: The use of flavored electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is common among e-cigarette users, but little is known about the potential harms of flavorings, the extent to which the concurrent use of multiple flavor types occurs, and the correlates of flavor type use. The objective of this study was to assess the types of e-cigarette flavors used by adolescent (aged 12-17), young adult (aged 18-24), and older adult (aged ≥25) e-cigarette users. Methods: We assessed the prevalence of flavored e-cigarette use within the past month by flavor types and concurrent use of multiple flavor types among past-month e-cigarette users sampled during Wave 2 (2014-2015) of the Population Assessment for Tobacco and Health Study among 414 adolescents, 961 young adults, and 1711 older adults. We used weighted logistic regression models for the use of fruit-, candy-, mint/menthol–, tobacco-, or other-flavored e-cigarettes and concurrent use of multiple flavor types. Covariates included demographic characteristics, e-cigarette use frequency, cigarette smoking status, current use of other tobacco products, and reasons for e-cigarette use. Results: The leading e-cigarette flavor types among adolescents were fruit, candy, and other flavors; among young adults were fruit, candy, and mint/menthol; and among older adults were tobacco or other flavors, fruit, and mint/menthol. Compared with older adults, adolescents and young adults were more likely to use fruit-flavored e-cigarettes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.56-4.38; and aOR = 2.31; 95% CI, 1.77-3.01, respectively) and candy-flavored e-cigarettes (aOR = 3.81; 95% CI, 2.74-5.28; and aOR = 2.95; 95% CI, 2.29-3.80, respectively) and concurrently use multiple flavor types (aOR = 4.58; 95% CI, 3.39-6.17; and aOR = 2.28; 95% CI, 1.78-2.91, respectively). Conclusions: Regulation of sweet e-cigarette flavors (eg, fruit and candy) may help reduce the use of e-cigarettes among young persons without substantially burdening adult e-cigarette users.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Associations of Smoking and E-cigarette Use with Self-Reported Diagnosed Hypertension: Findings from Wave 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Connor R. Miller ◽  
Hangchuan Shi ◽  
Dongmei Li ◽  
Maciej L. Goniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Never Smokers

Following their introduction a decade ago, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have grown in popularity. Given their novelty, knowledge of the health consequences of e-cigarette use remains limited. Epidemiologic studies have not comprehensively explored associations between e-cigarette use and hypertension, a highly prevalent health condition and major contributor to cardiovascular disease burden. In this study, cross-sectional associations of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use (vaping) with self-reported diagnosed hypertension were evaluated among 19,147 18–55 year old respondents in Wave 3 (2015–2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Multivariable analyses first modeled smoking and vaping as separate 2-category variables, then as a 6-category composite variable accounting for former smoking. After adjusting for potential confounders, current vaping (aOR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.05–1.63) and current smoking (aOR = 1.27; 95%CI: 1.10–1.47) were both associated with higher odds of hypertension. In analyses modeling smoking and vaping compositely, respondents who were concurrently smoking and vaping had the highest odds of hypertension (aOR = 1.77; 95%CI: 1.32–2.39 [referent: never smokers]). These results differ somewhat from prior epidemiologic studies of vaping and respiratory outcomes, which consistently report smaller point estimates for current vaping than for current smoking. Our findings reinforce the uncertainty surrounding long-term health consequences of vaping, as well as highlight important distinctions between respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes when considering the harm reduction potential of e-cigarettes.

Defining adult e-cigarette prevalence: comparing a categorical definition with days of use

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055641
Author(s):  
Raymond G Boyle ◽  
Sara Richter ◽  
Ann W St. Claire
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Market Place ◽  
The Past ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Use Categories

IntroductionElectronic cigarette use has grown substantially and the health effects are being closely monitored. Tracking the evolving market place and the profile of adult users is important for tobacco control efforts; however, several different ways of measuring current use have been reported. This paper examines how well a categorical definition aligns with days of use.MethodsData from the 2018 Minnesota Adult Tobacco Survey assessed e-cigarette use based on days of use in the past month and currently using ‘every day, some days, or not at all’. Prevalence of current use and agreement of >1, >5 and >20 days of use with every day or some days were calculated.ResultsThe prevalence of e-cigarette use varied by category of use from 2.4% (≥20 days/30) to 6.0% (≥1 day/30). The highest prevalence was found among young adults reporting any use in the past 30 days (21.9%). Never smokers had low prevalence overall; however, 4.4% reported using in the past 30 days. Using at least 1 day in the past 30 days included a higher proportion of young adults (p<0.001) and never smokers (p<0.001) compared with other current use categories. Compared with every day or some days, the per cent agreement with days of use categories ranged from 89.7% to 94.4% and kappa ranged from 0.60 to 0.81.ConclusionsPrevalence and sociodemographics varied by definition of use. Asking ‘every day, some days or not at all’ in population-based studies has the advantage of aligning with cigarette smoking current use definition.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with E-Cigarette Use in U.S. Young Adult Never Smokers of Conventional Cigarettes: A Machine Learning Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7271
Author(s):  
Nkiruka C. Atuegwu ◽  
Cheryl Oncken ◽  
Reinhard C. Laubenbacher ◽  
Mario F. Perez ◽  
Eric M. Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Never Smokers

E-cigarette use is increasing among young adult never smokers of conventional cigarettes, but the awareness of the factors associated with e-cigarette use in this population is limited. The goal of this work was to use machine learning (ML) algorithms to determine the factors associated with current e-cigarette use among US young adult never cigarette smokers. Young adult (18–34 years) never cigarette smokers from the 2016 and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) who reported current or never e-cigarette use were used for the analysis (n = 79,539). Variables associated with current e-cigarette use were selected by two ML algorithms (Boruta and Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)). Odds ratios were calculated to determine the association between e-cigarette use and the variables selected by the ML algorithms, after adjusting for age, gender and race/ethnicity and incorporating the BRFSS complex design. The prevalence of e-cigarette use varied across states. Factors previously reported in the literature, such as age, race/ethnicity, alcohol use, depression, as well as novel factors associated with e-cigarette use, such as disabilities, obesity, history of diabetes and history of arthritis were identified. These results can be used to generate further hypotheses for research, increase public awareness and help provide targeted e-cigarette education.

scholarly journals Young Adult E-cigarette Use and Retail Exposure in 6 US Metropolitan Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Carla J Berg ◽  
Xuejing Duan ◽  
Betelihem Getachew ◽  
Kim Pulvers ◽  
Natalie D. Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Age Verification ◽  
Vape Shops

Objectives: Given the need to understand e-cigarette retail and its impact, we examined so- ciodemographic, tobacco and marijuana use, and e-cigarette retail experiences as correlates of (1) past 30-day e-cigarette use, (2) past 30-day advertising/media exposure, and (3) point-of-sale age verification among young adults. Methods: We analyzed baseline survey data (September- December, 2018) among 3006 young adults (ages 18-34) in 6 metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Boston, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, San Diego, Seattle) in a 2-year longitudinal study. Results: In this sample (Mage = 24.6, 42.3% male, 71.6% white, 11.4% Hispanic), 37.7% (N = 1133) were past 30-day e-cigarette users; 68.6% (N = 2062; non-users: 66.0%, users: 72.9%) reported past 30-day e-cigarette-related advertising/media exposure. Among e-cigarette users, vape shops were the most common source of e-cigarettes (44.7%) followed by online (18.2%). Among users, 34.2% were "almost always" asked for age verification. In multilevel logistic regression, e-cigarette use and advertising/media exposure were correlated (and both correlated with being younger). E- cigarette use also correlated with other tobacco product and marijuana use (and being male and white). Infrequent age verification correlated with commonly purchasing e-cigarettes online (and being older and black). Conclusions: Increased efforts are needed to reduce young adult advertising/media exposure and increase retailer compliance among retailers, particularly online and vape shops.

scholarly journals Investigating gateway effects using the PATH study

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lee ◽  
John Fry
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Residual Confounding

Background: A recent meta-analysis of nine cohort studies in youths reported that baseline ever e-cigarette use strongly predicted cigarette smoking initiation in the next 6-18 months, with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.62 (95% confidence interval 2.42-5.41).  A recent review of e-cigarettes agreed there was substantial evidence for this “gateway effect”.  However, the number of confounders considered in the studies was limited, so we investigated whether the effect might have resulted from inadequate adjustment, using Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. Methods: Our main analyses considered Wave 1 never cigarette smokers who, at Wave 2, had information available on smoking initiation.  We constructed a propensity score for ever e-cigarette use from Wave 1 variables, using this to predict ever cigarette smoking.  Sensitivity analyses accounted for use of other tobacco products, linked current e-cigarette use to subsequent current smoking, or used propensity scores for ever smoking or ever tobacco product use as predictors.  We also considered predictors using data from both waves to attempt to control for residual confounding from misclassified responses. Results: Adjustment for propensity dramatically reduced the unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of 5.70 (4.33-7.50) to 2.48 (1.85-3.31), 2.47 (1.79-3.42) or 1.85 (1.35-2.53), whether adjustment was made as quintiles, as a continuous variable or for the individual variables.  Additional adjustment for other tobacco products reduced this last OR to 1.59 (1.14-2.20).  Sensitivity analyses confirmed adjustment removed most of the gateway effect.  Control for residual confounding also reduced the association. Conclusions: We found that confounding is a major factor, explaining most of the observed gateway effect.  However, our analyses are limited by small numbers of new smokers considered and the possibility of over-adjustment if taking up e-cigarettes affects some predictor variables.  Further analyses are intended using Wave 3 data which should avoid these problems.

scholarly journals E-cigarette Advertising Exposure, Explicit and Implicit Harm Perceptions, and E-cigarette Use Susceptibility Among Nonsmoking Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallav Pokhrel ◽  
Thaddeus A Herzog ◽  
Pebbles Fagan ◽  
Jennifer B Unger ◽  
Alan W Stacy
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Advertising ◽  
Advertising Exposure

scholarly journals Phantom smoking among young adult bar patrons

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Guillory ◽  
Nadra Lisha ◽  
Youn Ok Lee ◽  
Pamela M Ling
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Social Smokers ◽  
Us Cities

ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and sociodemographic makeup of smokers who do not self-identify as smokers (ie, phantom smokers) compared with self-identifying smokers in a sample of bar-going young adults aged 18–30 years to more accurately assess young adult prevalence of smoking and inform cessation message targeting.MethodsCross-sectional surveys of smokers (n=3089) were conducted in randomly selected bars/nightclubs in seven US cities. Logistic regression models assessed associations between phantom smoking (past 30-day smoking and denial of being a smoker), tobacco and alcohol use behaviours (eg, social smoking, nicotine dependence, smoking while drinking, past 30-day alcohol use) and demographics.ResultsCompared with smokers, phantom smokers were more likely to be college graduates (OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.98) and to identify themselves as social smokers (OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.12). Phantom smokers had lower odds of smoking while drinking (OR=0.28, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.32), being nicotine dependent (OR=0.36, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.76) and having quit for at least 1 day in the last year (OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.69) compared with smokers.ConclusionsThis research extends phantom smoking literature on college students to provide a broader picture of phantom smoking among young adults in high-risk contexts and of varying levels of educational attainment. Phantom smokers may be particularly sensitive to social pressures against smoking, suggesting the importance of identifying smoking as a behaviour (rather than identity) in cessation messaging to ensure that phantom smokers are reached.

scholarly journals Developing Pictorial Cigarillo Warnings: Insights From Focus Groups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cornacchione Ross ◽  
Jessica L King ◽  
Allison J Lazard ◽  
Seth M Noar ◽  
Beth A Reboussin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Cognitive Reactions ◽  
Pictorial Warnings ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Introduction The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) selected six text-only warnings for cigarillos to be implemented on packaging and advertising. Pictorial warnings are more effective at discouraging cigarette use than text-only warnings, yet no research exists for cigarillos. We sought to understand what types of images might be most effectively paired with the cigarillo text warnings to inform broad principles for developing pictorial warnings, with a focus on young adults, who have the highest rate of cigarillo use. Methods We conducted five focus groups with a total of N = 30 young adult cigarillo users and susceptible nonusers (53% female, 50% White, and 33% Black). Participants were shown four to eight unique images for each of the six text statements and were asked about visual–verbal congruency, emotional and cognitive reactions, and perceived effectiveness of each image. Sessions were recorded and transcribed; two investigators independently coded transcripts for emergent themes. Results Participants reported images that were graphic or “gross” would best grab attention and discourage use of cigarillos. Participants preferred images that were a direct illustration of the information in the warning text, rather than abstract images that required more cognitive effort to understand. Participants also highlighted that including people in the images, especially youth and young adults making eye contact, helped them relate to the warnings, garner their attention, and positively influence their reactions. Conclusions We identified several principles to inform the selection of images to pair with the FDA-required cigarillo text statements. These insights may also apply to pictorial warnings for other tobacco products. Implications This focus group study identified principles for selecting images to develop pictorial warnings for the six FDA text-only cigarillo warnings. We found that young adult cigarillo users and susceptible nonusers preferred images that were graphic and gross, believable, congruent to the warning text, and included people. Images that match young adults’ visual expectations of a disease and are emotion-provoking may be most effective in pictorial warnings and highlight challenges for developing pictorial warnings for health effects that do not have a visible health consequence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document