Effect of dairy intake with or without energy restriction on body composition of adults: overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials

Abstract Context Some studies suggest that consumption of dairy products can aid in weight loss, while others suggest a negative effect or no effect. Objective An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was conducted to examine the effect of dairy product consumption on changes in body composition. Data Sources PRISMA guidelines were followed to ensure transparent reporting of evidence. The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to April 2018. Study Selection Six systematic reviews and 47 associated meta-analyses (which included the results of 58 different randomized controlled trials) published in English or Spanish and reporting data on dairy intake and changes in weight, fat mass, lean mass, or waist circumference were included. Data Extraction Two authors independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias using the AMSTAR2 tool. Results Dairy consumption interventions without dietary energy restriction had no significant effects on weight, fat mass, lean mass, or waist circumference. Interventions in energy-restricted settings had significant effects on fat mass and body weight. Conclusions Increasing total dairy intake without energy restriction in adults does not affect body composition. In the context of an energy-restricted diet, however, increased dairy intake results in lower fat mass and body weight but has no conclusive effects on waist circumference or lean mass. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42018094672.

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Longitudinal changes in body composition and waist circumference by self-reported levels of physical activity in leisure among adolescents: the Tromsø study, Fit Futures

BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1186/s13102-019-0150-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nils Abel Aars ◽

Bjarne K. Jacobsen ◽

Bente Morseth ◽

Nina Emaus ◽

Sameline Grimsgaard

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

First Year ◽

Fat Mass Index

Abstract Background It is not clear how physical activity affects body composition in adolescents. Physical activity levels are often reduced during this period, and the relative proportion of body fat mass and lean mass undergo natural changes in growing adolescents. We aimed to examine whether self-reported physical activity in leisure time at baseline or change in activity during follow-up affect changes in four measures of body composition; body mass index (kg/m2), waist circumference, fat mass index (fat mass in kg/m2) and lean mass index (lean mass in kg/m2). Methods We used data from the Tromsø Study Fit Futures, which invited all first year students in upper secondary high school in two municipalities in northern Norway in 2010–2011. They were reexamined in 2012–2013. Longitudinal data was available for 292 boys and 354 girls. We used multiple linear regression analyses to assess whether self-reported level of physical activity in leisure time at baseline predicted changes in body composition, and analysis of covariance to assess the effects of change in level of activity during follow-up on change in body composition. All analyses were performed sex-specific, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There were no associations between self-reported leisure time physical activity in the first year of upper secondary high school and changes in any of the considered measure of body composition after 2 years of follow up, with the exception of waist circumference in boys (p = 0.05). In boys, change in fat mass index differed significantly between groups of activity change (p < 0.01), with boys adopting activity or remaining physically active having less increase in fat mass index than the consistently inactive. In girls, change in lean mass index differed significantly between groups of activity change (p = 0.04), with girls adopting physical activity having the highest increase. Conclusions Self-reported leisure time physical activity does not predict changes in body composition in adolescents after 2 years of follow up. Change in the level of physical activity is associated with change in fat mass index in boys and lean mass index in girls.

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An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials on Acupuncture Treating Migraine

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2019/5930627 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xia-tian Zhang ◽

Xin-yi Li ◽

Chen Zhao ◽

Ye-yin Hu ◽

Yi-yi Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Sham Acupuncture ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Overview Of Systematic Reviews ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Pain Improvement

Objectives. To review the evidence of acupuncture for acute and preventive treatment of migraine for further awareness of the effect of acupuncture for migraine. Design. An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SR/MAs) for randomized controlled trials. Material and Methods. We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, VIP Chinese Journal Full Text Database, WANFANG Data, and China Biology Medicine disc from their establishment to May 27, 2018. SR/MAs of randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of the acupuncture intervention with another treatment control in migraine patients were included. Results. 428 SRs were identified, and 15 of them were included. Only 4 SR/MAs were assessed by GRADE, which showed certainty of most evidence being low or very low. Assessed by AMSTAR-2, fourteen was critically low rating overall confidence in the results, and 1 was low rating overall confidence in the results. Evidence suggested that acupuncture has a significant advantage of pain improvement, efficacy, and safety relative to blank control, sham acupuncture, or drug treatment, but some of these results are contradictory. Conclusions. We found that acupuncture on treating migraine has the advantage for pain improvement and safety, but the quality of SR/MAs of acupuncture for migraine remains to be improved.

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An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses on Acupuncture for Post-Acute Stroke Dysphagia

Geriatrics ◽

10.3390/geriatrics4040068 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 68 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zi-Yu Tian ◽

Xing Liao ◽

Ying Gao ◽

Shi-Bing Liang ◽

Chong-Yang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Stroke ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Acupuncture Treatment ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Future Research ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Overview Of Systematic Reviews ◽

Meta Analyses

Background: Many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs) on acupuncture treatment for post-acute stroke dysphagia have been published. Conflicting results from different SRs necessitated an overview to summarize and assess the quality of this evidence to determine whether acupuncture is effective for this condition. The aim was to evaluate methodological quality and summarizing the evidence for important outcomes. Methods: Seven databases were searched for SRs and/or meta-analysis of RCTs and quasi-RCTs on acupuncture for post-acute stroke dysphagia. Two authors independently identified SRs and meta-analyses, collected data to assess the quality of included SRs and meta analyses according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the revised Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2). Results: Searches yielded 382 SRs, 31 were included. The quality of 22 SRs was critically low, five SRs were low, and four Cochrane SRs were moderate when evaluated by AMSTAR2. A total of 17 SRs reported 85.2–96.3% of PRISMA items. Five SRs included explanatory RCTs, 16 SRs included pragmatic RCTs, and 10 SRs included both. Conclusion: Currently, evidence on the effectiveness of acupuncture on post-acute stroke dysphagia is of a low quality. The type of study appeared to have no direct influence on the result, but the primary outcome measures showed a relationship with the quality of SRs. High quality trials with large sample sizes should be the focus of future research.

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Abstract 016: Association Of Fat Mass, Lean Mass, And Waist Circumference With Risk Of Heart Failure Among Community Dwelling Adults

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.143.suppl_1.016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ambarish Pandey ◽

Matthew W Segar ◽

Ian J Neeland ◽

Kershaw Patel

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Diabetes Status

Introduction: Higher body mass index and obesity are associated with a higher risk of diabetes and heart failure (HF) development. However, the contribution of measures of body composition such as fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and central adiposity (waist circumference, WC) towards the risk of HF, and if these relationships are modified by diabetes status (DM) is unknown. Methods: Adults from visit 5 of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study without prevalent HF were included. FM and LM were measured using bioelectric impedance. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were created to evaluate the associations of FM, LM, and WC with the risk of HF after adjustment for potential confounders ( see Fig legend ). Multiplicative interaction testing and stratified analysis by DM status were performed using adjusted Cox models and restricted cubic splines to evaluate whether the association of body composition parameters and risk of HF were modified by DM status. Results: The present study included 5,555 participants (58.3% women, 79.3% white). Over a median follow-up of 4.6 years, there were 254 HF events (4.6%). In the overall cohort, higher LM was significantly associated with higher risk of HF (aHR [95% CI] per 1 SD higher LM: 1.34 [1.13-1.60]) with no interaction by DM status. However, the associations of FM and WC with risk of HF were modified by DM status (p-interaction: FM*diabetes = 0.03, WC*diabetes = 0.008). Higher FM and WC were each significantly associated with higher risk of HF in adults with DM (aHR [95% CI] per 1-SD higher FM: 1.23 [1.01-1.49], per 1SD higher WC: 1.57 [1.31 - 1.89]) but not among those without DM at baseline (aHR [95% CI] FM: 0.99 [0.80 - 1.23], WC: 1.06 [0.87 - 1.30]) ( Figure ). Conclusions: Higher LM was significantly associated with a higher risk of HF irrespective of diabetes status. In contrast, the association of FM and WC with the risk of HF was modified by the presence of DM such that higher FM and WC were associated with a higher risk of HF among adults with DM but not those without DM.

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Body composition and risk of heart failure: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Open Heart ◽

10.1136/openhrt-2021-001632 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e001632

Author(s):

Ayodipupo S. Oguntade ◽

Danyao Jin ◽

Nazrul Islam ◽

Reem Malouf ◽

Hannah Taylor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Fat ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Published Data ◽

Meta Analyses

IntroductionAlthough there is strong evidence of an association between general adiposity and incidence of heart failure, previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have not reliably assessed the association of heart failure risk with other aspects of body composition (such as body fat distribution or lean mass), or between body composition and risk of heart failure subtypes. We aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to address these uncertainties, and inform efforts to prevent and treat heart failure.Methods and analysisThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols statement was used as a template for this protocol. A systematic search of Medline, Embase and Global Health from database inception to present will be conducted to identify prospective studies reporting on the associations between major measures of body composition (body mass index, waist circumference, waist–hip ratio, total body fat, visceral adiposity tissue and lean mass) and risk of heart failure. Article screening and selection will be performed by two reviewers independently, and disagreements will be adjudicated by consensus or by a third reviewer. Data from eligible articles will be extracted, and article quality will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Relative risks (and 95% CIs) will be pooled in a fixed effect meta-analysis, if there is no prohibitive heterogeneity of studies as assessed using the Cochrane Q statistic and I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses will be by age, sex, ethnicity and heart failure subtypes. Publication bias in the meta-analysis will be assessed using Egger’s test and funnel plots.Ethics and disseminationThis work is secondary analyses on published data and ethical approval is not required. We plan to publish results in an open-access peer-reviewed journal, present it at international and national conferences, and share the findings on social media.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020224584.

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Correction to: The effect of moderate intermittent versus continuous energy restriction on body composition and resting metabolic rate in resistance-trained females: A randomized controlled trial

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s12970-020-00402-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Madelin R. Siedler ◽

Eric T. Trexler ◽

Megan N. Humphries ◽

Priscila Lamadrid ◽

Brian Waddell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Body Composition ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Resting Metabolic Rate ◽

Energy Restriction ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Continuous Energy

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

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The Effects of Intermittent Fasting Combined with Resistance Training on Lean Body Mass: A Systematic Review of Human Studies

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12082349 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2349

Author(s):

Stephen Keenan ◽

Matthew B. Cooke ◽

Regina Belski

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Energy Restriction ◽

Human Studies ◽

Future Research ◽

Intermittent Fasting ◽

Eligibility Criteria

Diets utilising intermittent fasting (IF) as a strategic method to manipulate body composition have recently grown in popularity, however, dietary practices involving fasting have also been followed for centuries for religious reasons (i.e., Ramadan). Regardless of the reasons for engaging in IF, the impacts on lean body mass (LBM) may be detrimental. Previous research has demonstrated that resistance training promotes LBM accrual, however, whether this still occurs during IF is unclear. Therefore, the objective of this review is to systematically analyse human studies investigating the effects of variations of IF combined with resistance training on changes in LBM in previously sedentary or trained (non-elite) individuals. Changes in body weight and fat mass, and protocol adherence were assessed as a secondary objective. This review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed and SportDiscus databases were searched for articles investigating IF, combined with resistance training that reported measures of body composition. Eight studies met the eligibility criteria. LBM was generally maintained, while one study reported a significant increase in LBM. Body fat mass or percentage was significantly reduced in five of eight studies. Results suggest that IF paired with resistance training generally maintains LBM, and can also promote fat loss. Future research should examine longer-term effects of various forms of IF combined with resistance training compared to traditional forms of energy restriction. Prospero registration CRD42018103867.

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Interventions for tic disorders: An updated overview of systematic reviews and meta analyses

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112905 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 287 ◽

pp. 112905 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chunsong Yang ◽

Xiao Cheng ◽

Qiyunrui Zhang ◽

Dan Yu ◽

Jiayuan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Reviews ◽

Tic Disorders ◽

Overview Of Systematic Reviews ◽

Meta Analyses

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Concordance between systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials in assisted reproduction: an overview

Human Reproduction Open ◽

10.1093/hropen/hoaa058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Mariano Mascarenhas ◽

Theodoros Kalampokas ◽

Sesh Kamal Sunkara ◽

Mohan S Kamath

Keyword(s):

Assisted Reproduction ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Selective Reporting ◽

Methodological Issues ◽

Quality Of Evidence ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Cochrane Reviews ◽

Secondary Outcomes ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Are systematic reviews published within a 3-year period on interventions in ART concordant in their conclusions? SUMMARY ANSWER The majority of the systematic reviews published within a 3-year period in the field of assisted reproduction on the same topic had discordant conclusions. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have now replaced individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) at the top of the evidence pyramid. There has been a proliferation of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, many of which suffer from methodological issues and provide varying conclusions. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We assessed nine interventions in women undergoing ART with at least three systematic reviews each, published from January 2015 to December 2017. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The systematic reviews which included RCTs were considered eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome was extent of concordance between systematic reviews on the same topic. Secondary outcomes included assessment of quality of systematic reviews, differences in included studies in meta-analyses covering the same search period, selective reporting and reporting the quality of evidence. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Concordant results and conclusions were found in only one topic, with reviews in the remaining eight topics displaying partial discordance. The AMSTAR grading for the majority of the non-Cochrane reviews was critically low whilst it was categorized as high for all of the Cochrane reviews. For three of the nine topics, none of the included systematic reviews assessed the quality of evidence. We were unable to assess selective reporting as most of the reviews did not have a pre-specified published protocol. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We were limited by the high proportion of reviews lacking a pre-specified protocol, which made it impossible to assess for selective reporting. Furthermore, many reviews did not specify primary and secondary outcomes which made it difficult to assess reporting bias. All the authors of this review were Cochrane review authors which may introduce some assessment bias. The categorization of the review’s conclusions as beneficial, harmful or neutral was subjective, depending on the tone and wording of the conclusion section of the review. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The majority of the systematic reviews published within a 3-year period on the same topic in the field of assisted reproduction revealed discordant conclusions and suffered from serious methodological issues, hindering the process of informed healthcare decision-making. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) All the authors are Cochrane authors. M.S.K. is an editorial board member of Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility group. No grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors was obtained.

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Body composition in childhood: effects of normal growth and disease

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1079/pns2003261 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 521-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

J. C. K. Wells

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

General Interest ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Adult Disease ◽

Increased Risk

Body composition in children is of increasing interest within the contexts of childhood obesity, clinical management of patients and nutritional programming as a pathway to adult disease. Energy imbalance appears to be common in many disease states; however, body composition is not routinely measured in patients. Traditionally, clinical interest has focused on growth or nutritional status, whereas more recent studies have quantified fat mass and lean mass. The human body changes in proportions and chemical composition during childhood and adolescence. Most of the weight gain comprises lean mass rather than fat. In general, interest has focused on percentage fat, and less attention has been paid to the way in which lean mass varies within and between individuals. In the general population secular trends in BMI have been widely reported, indicating increasing levels of childhood obesity, which have been linked to reduced physical activity. However, lower activity levels may potentially lead not only to increased fatness, but also to reduced lean mass. This issue merits further investigation. Diseases have multiple effects on body composition and may influence fat-free mass and/or fat mass. In some diseases both components change in the same direction, whereas in other diseases, the changes are contradictory and may be concealed by relatively normal weight. Improved techniques are required for clinical evaluations. Both higher fatness and reduced lean mass may represent pathways to an increased risk of adult disease.

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