scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in body composition and waist circumference by self-reported levels of physical activity in leisure among adolescents: the Tromsø study, Fit Futures

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Abel Aars ◽  
Bjarne K. Jacobsen ◽  
Bente Morseth ◽  
Nina Emaus ◽  
Sameline Grimsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fat Mass Index

Abstract Background It is not clear how physical activity affects body composition in adolescents. Physical activity levels are often reduced during this period, and the relative proportion of body fat mass and lean mass undergo natural changes in growing adolescents. We aimed to examine whether self-reported physical activity in leisure time at baseline or change in activity during follow-up affect changes in four measures of body composition; body mass index (kg/m2), waist circumference, fat mass index (fat mass in kg/m2) and lean mass index (lean mass in kg/m2). Methods We used data from the Tromsø Study Fit Futures, which invited all first year students in upper secondary high school in two municipalities in northern Norway in 2010–2011. They were reexamined in 2012–2013. Longitudinal data was available for 292 boys and 354 girls. We used multiple linear regression analyses to assess whether self-reported level of physical activity in leisure time at baseline predicted changes in body composition, and analysis of covariance to assess the effects of change in level of activity during follow-up on change in body composition. All analyses were performed sex-specific, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There were no associations between self-reported leisure time physical activity in the first year of upper secondary high school and changes in any of the considered measure of body composition after 2 years of follow up, with the exception of waist circumference in boys (p = 0.05). In boys, change in fat mass index differed significantly between groups of activity change (p < 0.01), with boys adopting activity or remaining physically active having less increase in fat mass index than the consistently inactive. In girls, change in lean mass index differed significantly between groups of activity change (p = 0.04), with girls adopting physical activity having the highest increase. Conclusions Self-reported leisure time physical activity does not predict changes in body composition in adolescents after 2 years of follow up. Change in the level of physical activity is associated with change in fat mass index in boys and lean mass index in girls.

Contribution of body composition and physical activity to age-related decline in peak VO2 in men and women

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Toth ◽  
A. W. Gardner ◽  
P. A. Ades ◽  
E. T. Poehlman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Peak Vo2 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rate Of Decline

We examined the contribution of variations in body composition and leisure time physical activity to the age-related decline in peak oxygen consumption (VO2) in men and women. Healthy males 17–80 yr old (n = 378) and females 18–81 yr old (n = 224) were characterized for peak VO2 from a treadmill test to exhaustion, fat-free mass and fat mass by underwater weighing, and leisure time physical activity. Peak VO2 showed a greater absolute decline (P < 0.05) with age in males (r = -0.70, slope = -0.034 l.min-1.yr-1; P < 0.01) than in females (r = -0.78, slope = -0.028 l.min-1.yr-1; P < 0.01). After statistically controlling for differences in fat-free mass and fat mass, the decline in peak VO2 was diminished in both sexes, although a greater rate of decline persisted in males (r = -0.47, slope = -0.016 l.min-1.yr-1; P < 0.01) than in females (r = -0.39, slope = -0.009 l.min-1.yr-1; P < 0.01). We found that the addition of leisure time physical activity (independent of body composition) to the regression model further attenuated the rate of decline in males (r = -0.40, slope = -0.013 l.min-1.yr-1; P < 0.01) but did not alter the age-related decline in peak VO2 in females (r = -0.39, slope = -0.009 l.min-1.yr-1; P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of long-term leisure time physical activity on lean mass and fat mass in girls during adolescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1211-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Völgyi ◽  
Markku Alén ◽  
Leiting Xu ◽  
Arja Lyytikäinen ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The purpose of this 7-yr prospective longitudinal study was to examine if the level and consistency of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during adolescence affected the quantity and distribution of lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) at early adulthood. The study subjects were 202 Finnish girls who were 10–13 yr old at baseline. LM and FM of the total body (TB), arms, legs, and trunk were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) of the left leg was assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Scores of LTPA were obtained by questionnaire. Girls were divided into four groups comprising those with consistently low (GLL) or consistently high (GHH) physical activity, or those whose physical activity changed from low to high (GLH), or from high to low (GHL), over the 7 yr of follow-up. At baseline, no differences were found in LM, FM, and FM% among the groups in any of the body segments. By the end of the study GHH and GLH had higher values of LM of the TB, arms, legs, and trunk than that of the GHL and GLL groups ( P < 0.05, respectively). High FM% of the TB was associated with low level of LTPA, but no significant differences were found in the absolute amount of FM and mCSA among the LTPA groups. Our results suggest that a consistently high level of LTPA during the transition from prepuberty to early adulthood has a positive effect on lean mass gain in girls. Participating in 5 h of LTPA per week had a significant effect on FM% but not on the absolute amount of fat mass.

scholarly journals Leisure time physical activity in a 22-year follow-up among Finnish adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Borodulin ◽  
Tomi E Mäkinen ◽  
Päivi Leino-Arjas ◽  
Tuija H Tammelin ◽  
Markku Heliövaara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity

scholarly journals Excess Body Mass and Leisure Time Physical Activity in the Incidence and Persistence of Chronic Pain

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3094-3101
Author(s):  
Rahman Shiri ◽  
Tea Lallukka ◽  
Ossi Rahkonen ◽  
Päivi Leino-Arjas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
The City

Abstract Objective To estimate the effects of excess body mass and leisure time physical activity on the incidence and persistence of chronic pain. Design A prospective cohort study. Methods As a part of the Finnish Helsinki Health Study, we included three cohorts of employees of the City of Helsinki (18,562 observations) and defined incident chronic pain as having pain in any part of the body for more than three months at follow-up in participants without chronic pain at baseline (N = 13,029 observations). Persistent chronic pain was defined as having pain for more than three months at both baseline and follow-up (N = 5,533 observations). Results Overweight (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.31) and obesity (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.45–1.88) increased the incidence of chronic pain. Moreover, overweight (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02–1.32) and obesity (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.26–1.74) increased the risk of persistent chronic pain. Vigorous leisure time physical activity reduced the incidence of chronic pain (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.75–0.96). Physical activity did not influence the risk of persistent chronic pain. Furthermore, overweight/obesity modified the effect of leisure time physical activity on incident chronic pain. Inactive overweight or obese participants were at the highest risk of chronic pain (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.40–2.09), while the OR dropped to 1.44 (95% CI = 1.19–1.75) in moderately active overweight or obese participants and to 1.20 (95% CI = 0.97–1.47) in highly active overweight or obese participants. Conclusions Obesity not only increases the risk of developing chronic pain, but also increases the risk of persistent pain, while leisure time physical activity reduces the risk of developing chronic pain.

Leisure-Time Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Offspring Size at 18 to 24 Months

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Mattran ◽  
Lanay M. Mudd ◽  
Rebecca A. Rudey ◽  
Jeannette S.C. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Z Scores

Background:Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during pregnancy has maternal benefits, but effects on offspring have not often been considered. This study aimed to determine associations among trimester-specific LTPA during pregnancy and toddler size.Methods:Women (n = 300) were recruited while pregnant in 2006. At follow-up (2008), women reported demographics; recalled type, duration, and frequency of trimester-specific LTPA (MET·min/wk); and rated their toddler’s current LTPA level (more, same, or less than others their age). A subset (n = 23) volunteered to have maternal and toddler height, weight, and body fat measured. Maternal body mass index (BMI) and toddler weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) were calculated.Results:Median toddler WHZ was 0.6 (range −0.5 to 2.9). In Spearman correlations, third trimester LTPA was marginally associated with lower toddler weight (rs = −0.39, P = .06) and WHZ (rs = −0.40, P = .06), but no other measures of maternal LTPA and toddler body size were related. Birth weight z-score was positively associated with toddler weight (rs = 0.51, P = .01) but negatively associated with percent body fat (rs= −0.46, P = .03). Measures of maternal size were unassociated with toddler size.Conclusions:These results provide preliminary support for LTPA during late pregnancy to have a lasting effect on offspring size.

Changes in Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Subsequent Sickness Absence Due to Any Cause, Musculoskeletal, and Mental Causes

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 867-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansku Holstila ◽  
Ossi Rahkonen ◽  
Eero Lahelma ◽  
Jouni Lahti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Middle Aged

Background:The association between changes in physical activity and sickness absence is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the association between changes in leisure-time physical activity and long-term sickness absence due to any cause and musculoskeletal and mental causes.Methods:We measured physical activity at baseline in 2000–2002 (response rate 67%) and at follow-up in 2007 (response rate 83%) among middle-aged employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland. The survey data were linked to the Finnish Social Insurance Institute’s register data on sickness benefit periods > 9 days, including diagnoses (ICD-10; International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision) (mean follow-up 2.3 years). We used a negative binomial model to calculate rate ratios. The analyses included 4010 respondents (81% women).Results:Those who were persistently vigorously active and those whose physical activity level changed from low to moderate or vigorous, from moderate to vigorous, or from vigorous to moderate were at lower risk for sickness absence than were the persistently low-activity group. For sickness absence due to musculoskeletal causes, vigorous activity showed stronger associations, whereas mental causes showed no such associations.Conclusions:To reduce sickness absence due to both musculoskeletal and mental causes, middle-aged and aging employees should be encouraged to engage in physical activity.

scholarly journals Association between objectively measured physical activity and longitudinal changes in body composition in adolescents: the Tromsø study fit futures cohort

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e036991
Author(s):  
Nils Abel Aars ◽  
Sigurd Beldo ◽  
Bjarne Koster Jacobsen ◽  
Alexander Horsch ◽  
Bente Morseth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Upper Secondary ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Objectively Measured Physical Activity ◽  
Secondary High School

ObjectivesPhysical activity may be important in deterring the obesity epidemic. This study aimed to determine whether objectively measured physical activity in first year of upper secondary high school predicted changes in body composition over 2 years of follow-up in a cohort of Norwegian adolescents (n=431).DesignA longitudinal study of adolescents (mean age of 16 (SD 0.4) at baseline, 60.3% girls) participating in the Fit Futures studies 1 (2010–2011) and 2 (2012–2013).SettingAll eight upper secondary high schools in two municipalities in Northern Norway.ParticipantsStudents participating in both studies and under the age of 18 at baseline and with valid measurement of physical activity at baseline and body composition in both surveys.Primary and secondary outcomesChange in objectively measured body mass index and waist circumference and change in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured fat mass index, lean mass index (LMI) and appendicular LMI (aLMI) between baseline and follow-up.ResultsAt baseline, boys had significantly higher physical activity volume (p=0.01) and spent on average of 6.4 (95% CI 2.1 to 10.6) more minutes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than girls (p<0.01). In girls, multivariate regression analyses showed that more sedentary time was negatively associated with changes in LMI (p<0.01) and aLMI (p<0.05), whereas more light activity had opposite effects on these measures (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). No significant associations between measures of baseline physical activity and changes in body composition parameters were observed in boys.ConclusionsIn this cohort of Norwegian adolescents, sedentary and light physical activity was associated with changes in LMI and aLMI in girls, but not boys. Minutes spent in MVPA in first year of upper secondary high school was not associated with changes in measures of body composition in neither sex after 2 years.

scholarly journals Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring body composition in adulthood: Results from two birth cohort studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e023852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elma Izze da Silva Magalhães ◽  
Natália Peixoto Lima ◽  
Ana Maria Baptista Menezes ◽  
Helen Gonçalves ◽  
Fernando C Wehrmeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Fat Mass Index ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Gynoid Fat ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of maternal smoking during pregnancy with offspring body composition in adulthood and explore the causality of this association.DesignBirth cohort.SettingPopulation-based study in Pelotas, Brazil.ParticipantsAll newborn infants in the city’s hospitals were enrolled in 1982 and 1993. At a mean age of 30.2 and 22.6 years, the 1982 and 1993 cohorts, respectively, followed the subjects and 7222 subjects were evaluated.Primary outcome measuresBody mass index (BMI), fat mass index, android to gynoid fat ratio, waist circumference, waist to height ratio, lean mass index and height.ResultsPrevalence of maternal smoking during pregnancy was 35.1% and 32.6%, in 1982 and 1993 cohorts, respectively. Offspring of smoking mothers showed higher mean BMI (β: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.55 to 1.12 kg/m2), fat mass index (β: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.64 kg/m2), android to gynoid fat ratio (β: 0.016; 95% CI: 0.010 to 0.023), waist circumference (β: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.33 cm), waist to height ratio (β: 0.013; 95% CI: 0.010 to 0.017) and lean mass index (β: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.42 kg/m2), whereas height was lower (β: −0.95; −1.26 to −0.65). Weight gain in the first 2 years captured most of the association of maternal smoking with BMI (96.2%), waist circumference (86.1%) and fat mass index (71.7%).ConclusionsMaternal smoking in pregnancy was associated with offspring body composition measures in adulthood.

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