scholarly journals Framing Effects in Political Communication

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Lecheler
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Framing Effects ◽  
Social Protest ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Behavior

How the media and journalists “frame” politics has been the subject of a great many theoretical and empirical investigations by political communication scholars over the past three decades. In political communication, a frame can be understood as a journalistic or elite viewpoint or angle, which highlights one aspect of a political issue over another. The existence of frames in political communication has been shown conclusively, so a logical next question for many scholars is whether and how frames actually influence citizens’ understanding of political issues and processes. These framing effects can help us explain in what ways subtle differences in the presentation of a political issue can lead to changes in interpretation, attitudes, emotions and behavior. When looking at the political arena, framing effect studies have investigated all sorts of issues and events, ranging from social protest, to elections, government spending, and European Union (EU) integration. However, perhaps because the idea of framing effects proved to be so valuable for studying different political issues and contexts, studies have often neglected to incorporate their findings into a comprehensive theory of framing effects. So, we have many case studies of framing effects, but many questions regarding the theoretical underpinnings of the concept are still unanswered. Among other things, this has led to a fierce debate on the value and future of framing effects within political communication research. This article therefore focuses only on scholarship of framing effects that have significantly advanced its theoretical development, rather than specific political issues or events.

Issue Salience and Political Decisions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Moniz ◽  
Christopher Wlezien
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Issue Salience ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Decisions

Salience refers to the extent to which people cognitively and behaviorally engage with a political issue (or other object), although it has meant different things to different scholars studying different phenomena. The word originally was used in the social sciences to refer to the importance of political issues to individuals’ vote choice. It also has been used to designate attention being paid to issues by policy makers and the news media, yet it can pertain to voters as well. Thus, salience sometimes refers to importance and other times to attention—two related but distinct concepts—and is applied to different actors. The large and growing body of research on the subject has produced real knowledge about policies and policy, but the understanding is limited in several ways. First, the conceptualization of salience is not always clear, which is of obvious relevance to theorizing and limits assessment of how (even whether) research builds on and extends existing literature. Second, the match between conceptualization and measurement is not always clear, which is of consequence for analysis and impacts the contribution research makes. Third, partly by implication, but also because the connections between research in different areas—the public, the media, and policy—are not always clear, the consequences of salience for representative democracy remain unsettled.

Framing Methodology: A Critical Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin Carnahan ◽  
Qi Hao ◽  
Xiaodi Yan
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Framing Effects ◽  
Framing Theory ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Future Work

Since its emergence, framing has established itself as one of the most prominent areas of study within the political communication literature. Simply defined, frames are acts of communication that present a certain interpretation of the world that can change the ways in which people understand, define and evaluate issues and events. But while scholarly understanding of framing as a concept has been refined as a consequence of many years of constructive debate, framing methodology has evolved little since the introduction of the concept several decades ago. As a consequence, the methods employed to study and understand framing effects have not kept up with more modern conceptualizations of framing and have struggled to meaningfully contribute to framing theory on the whole. Specifically, analyses of the framing literature over the past two decades suggest framing studies often fall short in properly distinguishing framing effects from broader persuasion and information effects and the current state of the literature—characterized by inconsistencies and idiosyncrasies across individual works—has made generalization difficult, hampering further theoretical development. In light of these concerns, framing scholars must utilize research approaches that allow for a more precise understanding of the mechanisms by which framing effects occur and identify strategies by which broader insights may be gleaned from both current and future work on the subject in order to enrich framing theory moving forward.

scholarly journals Features of Discursive Structures in Political Communication

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav D. Shevchenko ◽  
Nina A. Tribunskaya
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
Security Discourse ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Degree

This article is devoted to the study of the discursive structures of political texts published on Twitter of the President of the United States. The material of the study was the statements of Donald Trump and Joe Biden during the period from November 1, 2019 to August 31, 2021. Its multimillion audience of subscribers makes Twitter a powerful political tool with the ability to influence public opinion. The purpose of this article is to identify the discursive structures arising in political communication as a result of the actualization of the category of discursive heterogeneity, which includes elements of interdiscursiveness and polydiscursiveness. The authors use various methods: descriptive, contextual analysis, comparative, methods of observation, content analysis and discourse analysis. Using the linguistic concept of the American scientist D. Himes S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G, the analysis of the situation components Setting and scene, Participants, Ends, Act Sequence, Key, Instrumentalities, Norms, Genre is carried out. Being a part of the media discourse and demonstrating the features of the Internet genre, the written messages of politicians are laconic, expressive, and tend to economize on linguistic means. The same communicants, depending on the context of utterances, become participants in different types of discourses. The study analyzes the foreign and domestic political discourses, the security discourse, as well as a number of accompanying special discourses that constitute political communication. The choice of the subject matter of the messages is due to the high degree of importance of issues of foreign and domestic policy, as well as stability and security.

scholarly journals Gaining economic profit or losing cultural security: Framing persuasive arguments for two types of conservatives

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Eschert ◽  
Michael Diehl ◽  
René Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Framing Effects ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Political Messages ◽  
Economic Profit ◽  
Cultural Conservatism ◽  
Persuasive Arguments ◽  
Practical Implications

Recent research suggests that different motivational bases underlie economic and cultural conservatism. Different political messages may address these different motivational bases. This article investigates the hypothesis that gain frames and achievement frames are more persuasive for participants high in economic conservatism and for economic conservative political issues, whereas loss and security frames are more persuasive for participants high in cultural conservatism and for cultural conservative political issues. Indeed, differential framing effects were found for economic versus cultural conservative issues across two experimental studies (N = 111 and N = 234). Study 2 could show that these effects were also significantly moderated by individual economic and cultural conservatism. Political arguments were perceived as most persuasive when argument frames matched both the issue at hand and recipient’s individual conservatism. Theoretical implications are discussed with regard to the motivational bases of two dimensions of conservatism along with practical implications for the field of political communication.

scholarly journals Political Communication, Creative Use of Media and the Process of EU Integration of North Macedonia

SEEU Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Demush Bajrami ◽  
Albrie Xhemaili
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Development Communication ◽  
Political Group ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media

Abstract The human history relates to the history of communication, which has also been a co-driver of human development. Communication integrates the knowledge, organization and power of a society. Today, there is an increasing debate over the importance of politicians' mutual communication, communication with voters and the media, the role of public relations in politics, and communication with the civil society. Thus, political communication and the creative use of the media remain the essential component of any individual involved in politics or even of a political group. In this study, political communication in North Macedonia is presented in the context of political efforts into the integration process in European Union (EU), by observing all the stages within the process so far. From the content and the issues addressed, it is clear that policymakers face the challenges of communication (as is the case in many countries aspiring the European integration). In this paper, the premises of genuinely political communication strategy are analyzed separately, assessing them in the context of the political communication theory. It will be shown that successful communication is an important tool for convincing citizens that EU provides a better quality of life and work.

scholarly journals Lietuvos internetinės žiniasklaidos konstruojamo politinio diskurso kaita

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Renata Matkevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Internet Media ◽  
The Media

Jau gerą pusę šimtmečio mokslininkų tyrimais yra įrodyta, jog žiniasklaida yra aktyvi politinio diskurso dalyvė ir konstruotoja. Praėjusio šimtmečio pabaigoje įsivyravus internetinei žiniasklaidai matomi ir žiniasklaidos turinio formavimo bei informacijos pateikimo pasikeitimai. Įsivyravus informacinėms technologijoms, keičiasi ne tik žiniasklaida, jos veikla, kuriamas ir skleidžiamas turinys, bet ir komunikacija, į kurią yra įtraukti ir kiti viešosios erdvės veikėjai – visuomenė ir politikai. Pastarųjų sąveika politikos komunikacijos sistemoje geriausiai atsispindi būtent per žiniasklaidoje pateikiamą informaciją, jos pranešimų poveikį ir pan., nes daugiausia tik dėl žiniasklaidoje pateikiamų pranešimų yra įmanomas visuomenės informuotumas apie politiką, taip pat tik žiniasklaida įtraukia visuomenę į politinių sprendimų priėmimą ar diskusiją apie politines problemas, priimamus sprendimus. Šiame straipsnyje nėra kvestionuojamas žiniasklaidos, taip pat ir internetinės žiniasklaidos, vaidmuo, jos svarba ar poveikiai, straipsnyje yra teigiama, kad žiniasklaida, o ypač internetinė, yra aktyvi politinės komunikacijos dalyvė, įtraukianti į aktyvią komunikaciją ir politikus per jų pasisakymams suteikiamą erdvę. Dėl šių veiksmų, internetinėje žiniasklaidoje pastebimas ne tik žiniasklaidos formuojamas politinis turinys, bet ir pačių politikų konstruojamas politinis diskursas, kurį žiniasklaida tik moderuoja. Šio straipsnio tikslas – ištirti ir nustatyti internetinėje žiniasklaidoje pateikiamo politinio diskurso kaitą. Aptariamas žiniasklaidos vaidmuo ir jo kaita politikos diskurso konstruotojamame politikos komunikacijos kontekste, taip pat siekiama nustatyti internetinės žiniasklaidos politinio diskurso, konstruojamo pačių politikos veikėjų, kaitą.Changes in the Political Discourse Constructed by the Lithuanian Internet MediaRenata Matkevičienė Summary In the end of the last century when the social media became an important part of the media system, there oceurzed changes in constructing the content the of media and spread of information, as well as news creation, selection and delivery.Changes that occurred in the media because of new information technologies could be seen not only in the mass media, journalism, but also in communication in general, because those changes involved all participants of the public sphere: the media, politicians and citizens. In the system of political communication, the interaction of these participants could be seen via the news that are delivered, and their effects: society receives information about politics and participates in discussions about it. In the article, the role and effects of the Internet are not questioned, because the Internet media are an active participant of political communication; they involve politicians into communication processes, providing space for their voices (publications).The aim of this article is to analyse the change of political discourse in the Internet media content.In the article, the role of the media and its change are discussed in the context of social constructivist theoretical approach; also the political discourse constructed by and in the internet media is analyzed in search of changes in the construction of political discourse, introduced by politicians into the Internet media.The main conclusions made in the article are as follows: 1) the use of the internet by politicians as an arena for discussions is increasing, 2) the main topics discussed by politicians in the internet are politics, economy, energy and social policy, 3) the ways in which politicians are discussing political issues differ depending on the number of years that a politician participates in the political arena, the topic or issue under discussion, 4) economic and political issues are discussed in more sophisticated ways in comparison with discussions of social policy issues which are presented in a very simple, clear way with the arguments that stress the aspects important for society or for some specific groups of citizens, 5) in presenting ideas and in discussions, the politicians prefer to present their own the position instead of presenting position of a political party. These main research findings lead to some conclusions about changes in the political discourse, but they also show quite a strong and manipulative role of the Internet media in selecting politicians and their publications, so it shows that there is still a strong role of the Internet media in constructing the political reality and presenting this “window” to political reality, which is strongly influenced by the position of the media.

scholarly journals Co roku to samo… Z historii orędzia noworocznego w Polsce, Niemczech i Rosji

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Marta Noińska
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

New Year’s address is one of the most conventionalized genres of political communication. The aim of the article is to describe the history of televised New Year messages of the country’s leader in Poland, Russia and Germany, with particular emphasis on the iterative motifs and signs present in their verbal and non-verbal layer. The leaders often use the same expressions, cite the same historical events, refer to the same authorities and discuss similar socio--political issues. Moreover, montage and scenery are also subject to only slight modifications. The author also draws attention to the fact that as a ritual and conventionalized genre New Year’s address often becomes the subject of parody.

scholarly journals Conflict communications in modern media

Communicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
A. N. Chumikov
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Media Communications ◽  
Fact Checking

The author traces the dynamics of ideas about conflict communications in the media in the conditions of a revolutionary change in the information space. These changes are so global that they have led to the emergence of the term «mediatization of public life», which is defined as the process of creating virtual politics and economics and establishing a serious dependence of real spheres on their presentation in the media. In the context of the information and communication explosion, there is a phenomenon called «disappearance of fact», «meaning instead of fact», when the model of narrative presentation of facts is increasingly replaced by their interpretation and construction of meanings. The author notes that analysts are keen on fact-checking – methods of recognizing factoids, fakes; identifying other forms of manipulation of information. However, it is equally important not only to «expose» implicit influences, but also to understand that the so-called «manipulations» that characterize unacceptable methods in the media are becoming objectively inherent in media communications.Semantic interpretation of the received information and the confrontation of meanings become the inevitable and dominant forms of communication behavior in the media field of conflict. Semantic positioning involves the orientation of the audience on how to perceive this content, what it means now and in the future. In the framework of this process, according to the author, such a term as «relevance» is acceptable. It is necessary to rethink the content in the direction that is relevant for the subject of political communication, as well as to position the relevant information that does not contradict the legal acts of the state and the ethical standards of the professional community.

scholarly journals On Special Issue «The Politization of social problems in mass media»

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Ilya Bykov
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Corporate Citizenship ◽  
Thematic Issue ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Political Communications ◽  
The Media

The thematic issue of the magazine is devoted to the problems of politicization of socially significant topics in the media space and ultimately touched on a very wide and diverse range of issues, which, nevertheless, revolve around the role of the media and social media in modern politics. In this context, politicization is interpreted as the process of involving non-political issues in political communication. That is why the choice of political problems discussed in the media can reveal the essence of the political regime in a particular country, reveal the adequacy of political institutions to the needs of society and assess the effectiveness of political governance. Most of the articles are in the nature of empirical research, which investigate important problems of modern political communications in Russia and abroad. The range of research methods is also very extensive and includes polls, questionnaires, focus groups, content analysis, discourse analysis, case studies, etc. Following the problem of "politicization", among the most important concepts are the ideas of "media literacy", “network leadership”, “political mobilization”, “personification of politics”, “corporate citizenship”, etc. Research shows that social media has become an important factor in the politicization of socially significant topics. This thematic issue is aimed at specialists in the field of applied political science and political communication.

scholarly journals Reality Bites: The Limits of Framing Effects for Salient and Contested Policy Issues

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Bechtel ◽  
Jens Hainmueller ◽  
Dominik Hangartner ◽  
Marc Helbling
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Framing Effects ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Lab Experiments ◽  
Issue Frames

A large literature argues that public opinion is vulnerable to various types of framing and cue effects. However, we lack evidence on whether existing findings, which are typically based on lab experiments involving low-salience issues, travel to salient and contentious political issues in real-world voting situations. We examine the relative importance of issue frames, partisan cues, and their interaction for opinion formation using a survey experiment conducted around a highly politicized referendum on immigration policy in Switzerland. We find that voters responded to frames and cues, regardless of their direction, by increasing support for the position that is in line with their pre-existing partisan attachment. This reinforcement effect was most visible among low knowledgeable voters that identified with the party that owned the issue. These results support some of the previous findings in the political communication literature, but at the same time also point toward possible limits to framing effects in the context of salient and contested policy issues.

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