scholarly journals Syntactic Change

Linguistics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acrisio Pires ◽  
David Lightfoot
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Syntactic Change ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Way

Linguistics began in the 19th century as a historical science, asking how languages came to be the way they are. Almost all of the work dealt with the changing pronunciation of words and “sound change” more broadly. Much attention was paid to explaining why sounds changed the way they did, and that involved developing ideas about directionality. Work on syntax was limited to compiling how different languages expressed clause types differently, notably Vergleichende Syntax der Indogermanischen Sprachen, by Berthold Delbrück. With the greatly increased attention to syntax in the latter half of the 20th century, approaches to syntactic change were enriched significantly. Most of the work on change, both generative and nongenerative, continued the 19th-century search for an inherent directionality to language change, now in the domain of syntax, but other approaches were developed seeking to understand new syntactic systems arising through the contingent conditions of language acquisition.

scholarly journals THE COVERAGE OF THE THEATRICAL LIFE OF ARTSAKH IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY AND THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY ON THE PAGES OF THE NEWSPAPER “KARABAKH” (1911-1912)

ASJ. ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (50) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
M. Harutyunyan
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Adam And Eve ◽  
Theatrical Performances ◽  
Girls School ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Private Homes ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Devil ◽  
Different Parts

Thus, summarizing our scientific research, we can clearly emphasize that theatrical art flourished in Artsakh in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. It should be noted that until the second half of the 19th century, the Armenians of Artsakh had their theatrical traditions for centuries. There was theater in dance art, at parties and events. But there was no professional theater yet, preconditions were created for that only when in 1865 famous figures of the Armenian theater Gevorg Chmshkyan, Mihrdat Americyan and Sedrak Mandinyan came to Shushi. And the Mkrtich Khandamiryan Theater was built in Shushi in 1891. It had a 350-seat hall.  Separate issues related to the socio-economic, political and cultural events in Artsakh were covered in almost all issues of the three-day literary-social newspaper "Karabakh". Covering the theatrical art of Artsakh in 19111912, the newspaper emphasized that the theater continued to flourish in that period. Theatrical performances took place in different parts of Artsakh. A number of interesting and multi-genre theatrical performances took place at the Diocesan school of Shusha, at the Mariamyan girls 'school, at the Hripsimyan girls' school, at the school of the Saint Astvatsatsin church of Aguletsots, at the school of boys of the Saint Astvatsatsin church of Megretsots, at the Mariam-Ghukasyan school, at the school of Realakan. A number of interesting and multi-genre theatrical performances also took place at the Diocesan School of Shushi, at the Girls' School of Mariamyan, at the Girls' School of Hripsimyan, at the school of Aguletsots St. Astvatsatsin Church, at the Boys' School of Meghretsots St. Astvatsatsin Church, at the school of Mariam-Ghukasyan, at the school of Realakan, at kindergartens, in private homes of wealthy people and at other places at that time.  Numerous multi-genre performances also took place in 1911-1912: "Adam and Eve" Vardanank, " The savage", "The Charlatan", "Heart is a mystery", "Naughty", "The Valley of Tears", "The Engaged" drama, "Modern Heroes" comedy, famous playwright Gordin's drama "The devil", the drama "Christine", Nardos' drama "The Killed Dove", Measnitsky's drama "I died" and other performances. 

scholarly journals ЗАГАДКИ СИБИРСКОЙ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ КРАКОВСКОГО ЭТНОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО МУЗЕЯ

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-102
Author(s):  
Юрий Николаевич Квашнин ◽  
Анджей Дыбчак ◽  
Яцек Кукучка
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Birch Bark ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The North ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

В статье рассмотрены два предмета из Сибирской коллекции Краковского этнографического музея – женская шуба из оленьего меха и шапка из шкуры росомахи. В ходе исследования удалось выяснить имя дарителя – Исидора-Александра Собанского, сосланного в Сибирь участника Польского восстания 1863 г. Была обнаружена не известная ранее специалистам литография русского художника В.Д. Сверчкова, изображающая, в частности, женскую шапку и шубу, схожие с рассматриваемыми предметами из собрания Собанского. Установлено, что шапки из шкур росомахи были повседневным головным убором ненецких женщин на всем пространстве расселения этого этноса. Иногда такие шапки носили шаманы. Кроме того, сегодня известно, что женские шубы, аналогичные тем, что носили ненцы Канинского п-ова, до начала XX в. бытовали также в Приуралье и в низовьях Оби, куда их привозили из-за Урала невесты. В статье также затронуты малоизученные темы польских ссыльных в Западной Сибири и изображения ненцев в работах русских и зарубежных художников. Благодаря ссыльным, вернувшимся на родину из Сибири, в Польшу попали предметы, составившие основу Сибирской коллекции музея. Она насчитывает более 350 экспонатов, среди которых одежда, обувь, головные уборы, изделия из бересты, меха, кожи и костей животных. Почти все вещи были изготовлены в XIX в. разными народами Севера и Сибири – ненцами, селькупами, эвенками, эвенами, чукчами, коряками, алеутами. Two objects from the Siberian collection of the Krakow Ethnographic Museum are discussed in the article – a women’s fur coat from deer fur and a hat from wolverine skin. In the course of the study, the name of the donor was found out – Isidor-Alexander Sobansky, a Polish rebel of 1863, exiled to Siberia. A previously unknown to specialists lithography by the Russian artist Vladimir Sverchkov was discovered; it depicts a woman’s hat and a fur coat similar to objects from the Sobansky collection. It is known that hats from wolverine skins were part of everyday clothes of Nenets women throughout the territory of the Nenets settlement. Sometimes they were worn by shamans. The article proves that until the beginning of the 20th century women’s fur coats of the Nenets of the Kaninsky peninsula were also worn in the Urals and in the lower Ob, having been brought there by brides. In addition, the article touches on poorly studied topics of the Polish exile in Western Siberia and the depiction of the Nenets in the works of Russian and foreign artists. Thanks to the exiles who returned to their homeland from Siberia, the items that formed the basis of the Siberian collection came to Poland. The collection contains more than 350 items, including clothing, footwear, hats, products from birch bark, fur, leather and animal bones. Almost all of them were made in the 19th century by different peoples of the North and Siberia  – Nenets, Selkups, Evenks, Evens, Chukchi, Koryaks, Aleuts.

scholarly journals An Academic Review of Anton LaVey’s Satanic Philosophy

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Dr. Gabriel Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Movements ◽  
Academic Review ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Devil ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

Satan has been a changing character for the last 2500 years. For most of its history, the Devil was represented as God’s archenemy, the representation of absolute evil. By the 19th Century, this approach had begun to change with the Romantics, some of whom represented a more heroic character. In the mid-20th Century, in the mist of counter-cultural movements, the figure of Satan was once again apprehended by non-conformists. The most notorious of these was Anton LaVey, who founded the Church of Satan. This article reviews LaVey’s approach to the figure of Satan, some of the rituals and symbolisms associated with this movement, and the way LaVey used Satan as a way to represent his particular philosophical views. Key Words: Satanism, Anton Lavey, Church of Satan, Devil

Ieskats latviešu valodas izloksnēs apzinātajos biezputru nosaukumos

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Brigita Bušmane ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Way

Porridge has long been one of the main dishes in the national diet. In the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, porridges were not only cooked on a daily basis on farms but more often (more frequently barley groats or potato-cooked groats) were associated with folk traditions and cooked at the end of each major work, such as sowing, cuts, threshing, finishing of linen plucking or a larger fabric. The names of some porridges form very broad thematic vocabulary groups. Their characteristic feature is semantic branching, i.e. the use of the same products, similarity in the way of cooking, their external features determine that the same word is used to describe different porridges. In the article, the names of porridge have been examined mainly from the semantic and areal points of view. Insights are provided into names that include a reference to the source product of the food and names that reveal an activity related to the preparation or use of the food. Several of the names considered cover smaller or larger areas (e. g. klecene, studzene, pļepene). The designation of the raw product is usually included in the first component resp. in the first part of the compound name for porridge (for example, miltu biezputra ‘flour porridge’, putraimbiezputra ‘groat porridge’, azbara biezputra ‘id.’). A reference to an activity carried out during the preparation of food may reveal its relationship to the food in question, either directly (e. g. kultene ‘stirred porridge’, karseknis ‘heated porridge’) or indirectly (e. g. šķeterene ‘twisted porridge’). The considered material also provides evidence of porridge names from the word-formational, morphological and phonetical points of view. For example, derivatives with the suffixes -en-, -in-, -nīc- (lecene, pankšene, biezine, kultenīca) are widespread, prefixal derivatives (papļepene, sakratene) and compounds (puspļepene) are found, the stem change (kratene, kratenis) is observed, the interchange of the consonants s and š (studzene, študzene) has been fixed.

scholarly journals Russian historian A. L. Pogodin about Polish history and Polish question

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Larisa Arzhakova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Polish Question ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
To Come ◽  
The 19Th Century

The subjects of the study are works of A. L. Pogodin devoted to the history of Poland, reflected perception of the Polish question by the Russian society. Studying of his polonistic heritage allows us to speak with more confidence about the statement of the Russian historical polonistic in the first quarter of the 20th century, considering that, this problem remains until today debatable and demands amendments. Pogodin’s works have been analyzed from the point of view of both the essence and evolution of the Polish question, as well as those significant changes that occurred not only in the field of historical science, studying the history of Poland, but also the visions of the Russian society on Poland. This study gave the chance to come closer to understanding the Pogodin’s information code in his historical works, which allowing to shake basement of the Russian historical tradition concerning the Polish history of the 19th century.

scholarly journals Become Boyan: The Arrival and Development of Baweanese in Singapore in the 19-20th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Mohammad Farihan Aziri ◽  
Ahmad Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Mode Of Transportation ◽  
Transportation Routes ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Way

This article aimes to discuss the arrival and development of Baweanese people who called Boyan in Singapore in the 19-20th century. Boyan is a term for residents of Bawean Island in Singapore and Malaysia which occurs due to an error pronunciation. Baweanese people since the 19th century has visited Singapore to seek for a job. By using historical method with emphasize on the using primary sources, this research has been successfully reveal the motifs of Baweanese people migrated. In its development, Baweanese people who went to Singapore experienced a change of orientation. At the beginning of the 20th century, they preferred to settle in Singapore. The Baweanese’s migration to Singapore increased in the early 20th century after the use of steamers as their mode of transportation to go to Singapore. The emergence of mass passenger transportation routes from service agents using steam vessels has an impact on the mobility of Baweanese who migrate to Singapore. KPM's passenger agent is a catalyst for the growth and activity of Baweanese in Singapore. The aim of this stu is to explain when the Bawean people migrated to Singapore as well as the way they moved and settled in Singapore in the mid 19th century until the 20th century.

scholarly journals Influence of N. Gogol’s and M. Saltykov-Shchedrin’s Satire on Michail Bulgakov’s Prose

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Alexander Philippovich Petrenko ◽  
Svetlana Anatolyevna Petrenko ◽  
Irina Borisovna Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Mechanized Production ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Way

The article is concerned with the study of literary relationships between the satire of the famous 20th-century Russian writer M. Bulgakov and the works by the Russian classics of the 19th century – N.V. Gogol and M.Y. Saltykov-Shchedrin. The article describes Gogol’s and Saltykov-Shchedrin’s influence on Bulgakov’s satirical poetics, especially in the period of his development as a writer. Special attention is given to the device of grotesque and the motives of mechanicalness and lifelessness, forming the artistic worlds of the writers under study. The authors note that the technical progress and the rapid development of mechanized production in the 20th century, combined with the satirical motive of primitivism, characteristic of Russian literature, left an imprint on the nature of Bulgakov’s grotesque. The writers at issue are united by such common feature of the satirical poetics as turning to fantasy, hyperbole, ‘strange and queer things’. The article shows the way Bulgakov perceived and embodied the principles of Gogol’s and Shchedrin’s world perception through the comic mixing of absurd, ghostly and real. Bulgakov’s way of seeing the world is characterized as ‘delirious reality’. At the same time, Bulgakov, as well as his literary teachers in the sphere of satire, showed oddness and divergence as regularity, while the comicality of fantasy in his works finally turns into the drama of reality.Keywords: satire, laughter, grotesque, mysticism, fantasy, zoomorphic metaphors

Immigrant Arab Women in Chile during the Renaissance (Nahda), 1910s-1920s

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Sarah Limorté
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Arab Woman ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

Levantine immigration to Chile started during the last quarter of the 19th century. This immigration, almost exclusively male at the outset, changed at the beginning of the 20th century when women started following their fathers, brothers, and husbands to the New World. Defining the role and status of the Arab woman within her community in Chile has never before been tackled in a detailed study. This article attempts to broach the subject by looking at Arabic newspapers published in Chile between 1912 and the end of the 1920s. A thematic analysis of articles dealing with the question of women or written by women, appearing in publications such as Al-Murshid, Asch-Schabibat, Al-Watan, and Oriente, will be discussed.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN SHIP-ACCOUNTING PRACTICES TO 1900: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THREE VESSELS

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-51
Author(s):  
Jan Richard Heier
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Accounting Model ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The U.S

Accounting has always been utilitarian in nature. It adapts to the changes in the business environment by meeting the need for new types of information. The change in waterborne transportation in the U.S. during the 19th century provides an example of such an environmental change that led to a need for accounting adaptation. With the advent of the steamboat, old accounting methods were modified and new ones created to meet the changes in the business environment. In the process, a standardized ships-accounting model was developed. The model can be seen in the accounting records of three ships that sailed at the beginning of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Catalogue of the primatological collection of the Torino University

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Calvini ◽  
Maria Stella Siori ◽  
Spartaco Gippoliti ◽  
Marco Pavia
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Zoological Garden ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

The revised catalogue of primatological material stored in the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali of Torino and in the Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi of the Università degli Studi di Torino and belonging to the historical material of the Torino University is introduced. The material, 494 specimens belonging to 399 individuals of 122 taxa, is of particular importance since specimens were mainly obtained during the 19th Century and the beginning of the 20th Century. A relevant part of the collection was created by the collaborators of the Museum, among which it is worth to mention F. De Filippi, A. Borelli and E. Festa, while other material came from purchases and donations from private people or the Royal Zoological Garden of Torino. Great part of the specimens is stuffed but also the osteological materials are of particular importance, as many of them derived from the specimens before being prepared and consisting of skulls or more or less complete skeletons. After this revision, the Lectotype and Paralectotypes of <em>Alouatta</em> <em>palliata</em> <em>aequatorialis</em> have been selected, and the type-specimen of the <em>brunnea</em> variety of <em>Cebus</em> <em>albifrons</em> <em>cuscinus</em> has been recognized. In addition, some specimens of particular historical-scientific importance have also been identified and here presented for the first time.

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