scholarly journals 1394. Impact of 7-Valent and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S706-S706
Author(s):  
Kristin Kistler ◽  
Evelyn F Gomez-Espinosa ◽  
Kelly Sutton ◽  
Ruth Chapman ◽  
Desmond Dillon-Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Study Investigator

Abstract Background The availability of 7-valent (PCV7) and 13-valent (PCV13) pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in the United States (US) since 2000 and 2010, respectively, has substantially reduced the occurrence, morbidity and mortality of pneumococcal disease. This systematic literature review aimed to assess the impact of the PCVs in reducing the pneumococcal disease burden since their introduction. Methods We searched Embase and Medline and disease-surveillance websites for observational studies of US participants < 19 years, published 1999–2019 and reporting incidence or prevalence of acute otitis media, invasive pneumococcal disease, meningitis, or pneumococcal disease-related morbidity, mortality, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) or costs. Results Of 499 citations identified from the databases and other sources, 125 met inclusion criteria (Figure), all indicating clear reductions in multiple manifestations of pneumococcal disease with PCV7 and PCV13 use. However, variations across studies in outcomes reported, study years, and age strata, confounded assessment of vaccine impact on specific pneumococcal disease outcomes and key burden indicators, such as tympanostomy tube placement and antibiotic prescriptions. Conclusion PCVs have greatly decreased multiple manifestations of pneumococcal disease in the US. However, granular data on the frequency and morbidity associated with specific pneumococcal diseases and on associated HCRU are needed to quantify the public-health impact of these vaccines. Disclosures Kristin Kistler, PhD, Evidera, Inc. (Employee, Evidera, Inc. received the funding to conduct this study.) Evelyn F. Gomez-Espinosa, BSc, PhD, Evidera Inc (Employee, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Pfizer Inc (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator) Kelly Sutton, PhD, Evidera (Other Financial or Material Support, Evidera, Inc. received the funding to conduct this study.) Ruth Chapman, MSc, PhD, Evidera, Inc, (Evidera, Inc. received the funding to conduct this study.) (Consultant) Desmond Dillon-Murphy, MSc, PhD, Evidera, Inc. (Evidera, Inc. received the funding to conduct this study.) (Consultant) Matthew Wasserman, MSc., Pfizer Inc. (Employee)

scholarly journals 1386. Current Estimates of the Impact of Routine Childhood Immunizations in Reducing Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S703-S703
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M La ◽  
Justin Carrico ◽  
Sandra E Talbird ◽  
Ya-Ting Chen ◽  
Mawuli K Nyaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Study Investigator ◽  
Routine Childhood ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Routine immunizations for children aged 10 years and younger in the United States (US) currently cover 14 diseases. Updated estimates of public health impact are needed, given changes in disease epidemiology, evolving recommendations, and the dynamic nature of compliance with the immunization schedule. Methods Pre-vaccine disease incidence was estimated before each routine vaccine was recommended, with average values across multiple years obtained directly from published literature or calculated based on disease surveillance data or annual case estimates from the published literature. Pre-vaccine incidence then was compared to current, post-vaccine incidence, which was generally calculated as average values over the most recent 5 years of available incidence data. Overall incidence estimates and estimates by age group were calculated. Differences in pre- and post-vaccine disease incidence rates were used to calculate the annual number of cases averted, based on 2019 US population estimates. This analysis did not separately estimate the proportion of disease incidence reduction that may be attributed to adult vaccines or booster doses. Results Post-vaccine disease incidence decreased overall and for all age groups across all diseases evaluated (Table 1). Decreases ranged from 17.4% for influenza to 100.0% for polio (Figure 1). Over 90% reduction in incidence was achieved for 10 of the 14 diseases evaluated (including reduction in incidence of rotavirus hospitalizations). Overall post-vaccine disease incidence estimates were highest for influenza, rotavirus, and varicella. Estimated annual cases averted by vaccination in 2019 ranged from 1,269 for tetanus to more than 4.2 million for varicella. Table 1. Pre- and Post-Vaccine Disease Incidence Estimates, Annual Cases, and 2019 Cases Averted, by Disease Figure 1. Percentage Reduction in Disease Incidence Post-Vaccine, by Disease Conclusion Routine childhood immunization in the US continues to result in high, sustained reduction in disease across all vaccines and for all age groups evaluated. Disclosures Elizabeth M. La, PhD, RTI Health Solutions (Employee) Justin Carrico, BS, GlaxoSmithKline (Consultant) Sandra E. Talbird, MSPH, RTI Health Solutions (Employee) Ya-Ting Chen, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Mawuli K. Nyaku, DrPh, Merck & Co. Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Cristina Carias, PhD, Merck (Employee, Shareholder) Gary S. Marshall, MD, GlaxoSmithKline (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Merck (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Pfizer (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Honorarium for conference lecture)Seqirus (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator) Craig S. Roberts, PharmD, MPA, MBA, Merck & Co., Inc (Employee, Shareholder)

scholarly journals 1393. Factors Associated with Co-administration of Pentavalent DTaP-IPV/Hib and Monovalent Hepatitis B Vaccine in the United States (US)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S706-S706
Author(s):  
Tanaz Petigara ◽  
Ya-Ting Chen ◽  
Zhiwen Liu ◽  
Michelle Goveia ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Provider Type ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Study Investigator ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Birth Dose ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background The US vaccination schedule includes DTaP, IPV, Hib and HepB doses in the first 6 months of life. A previous analysis found variability in the timing of HepB doses in infants receiving DTaP-IPV/Hib. We explored factors associated with co-administration of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB on the same day. Methods This was a retrospective study using the MarketScan® commercial claims and encounters database. Infants born from 1 July 2010 - 30 June 2016, continuously enrolled in an insurance plan for ≥ 13 months and receiving ≥ 3 DTaP-IPV/Hib doses were included. Infants were assessed for HepB claims relative to the first and third DTaP-IPV/Hib doses. Because a HepB birth dose was assumed, the first HepB claim from 29 - 169 days following birth was counted as Dose 2, and the second claim from 170 days - 12 months as Dose 3. Associations between demographic, provider, and insurance characteristics, receipt of other pediatric vaccines, and co-administration of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results Among 165,553 infants who received a first DTaP-IPV/Hib dose, 60.7% received HepB Dose 2 on the same day. Among 162,217 infants who received a third DTaP-IPV/Hib dose, 45.1% received HepB Dose 3 on the same day. Infants in the Northeast were less likely (OR=0.38, 95%CI=0.36-0.39), while those in the West were more likely (OR=1.41, 95%CI=1.36-1.46) than infants in the South to receive the first dose of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB Dose 2 on the same day. Infants vaccinated by pediatricians (OR=0.54, 95%CI=0.53-0.55) were less likely to receive the first dose of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB Dose 2 on the same day compared to infants vaccinated by family physicians. Infants who received PCV on the same day as the first dose of DTaP-IPV/Hib were more likely to receive HepB Dose 2 (OR=6.96, 95%CI=6.30-7.70) that day. These factors were also associated with co-administration of the third dose of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB Dose 3. Conclusion Differences in co-administration of DTaP-IPV/Hib and HepB were associated with region of residence, provider type and co-administration of PCV. The reasons underlying these differences merit exploration. A hexavalent vaccine containing DTaP, IPV, Hib, and HepB could improve timeliness of HepB vaccination, while reducing the number of injections during infancy. Disclosures Tanaz Petigara, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Ya-Ting Chen, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Zhiwen Liu, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc., (Employee) Michelle Goveia, MD, Merck & Co., Inc (Employee, Shareholder) David Johnson, MD, MPH, Sanofi Pasteur (Employee, Shareholder) Gary S. Marshall, MD, GlaxoSmithKline (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Merck (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Pfizer (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Honorarium for conference lecture)Seqirus (Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator)

scholarly journals Asian American Older Adults and Social Isolation: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 328-328
Author(s):  
Simona Kwon ◽  
Deborah Min ◽  
Stella Chong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

Abstract Asian Americans are the fastest growing racial and ethnic minority group in the United States, whose population is aging considerably. Previous studies indicate that social isolation and loneliness disproportionately affects older adults and predicts greater physical, mental, and cognitive decline. A systematic literature review using PRISMA guidelines was conducted to address this emerging need to understand the scope of research focused on social isolation and loneliness among the disparity population of older Asian Americans. Four interdisciplinary databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and AgeLine; search terms included variations on social isolation, loneliness, Asian Americans, and older adults. Articles were reviewed based on six eligibility criteria: (1) research topic relevance, (2) study participants aged >60 years, (3) Asian immigrants as main participants, (4) conducted in the United States, (5) published between 1995-2019, and (6) printed in the English language. The search yielded 799 articles across the four databases and 61 duplicate articles were removed. Abstracts were screened for the 738 remaining studies, 107 of which underwent full-text review. A total of 56 articles met the eligibility criteria. Synthesis of our review indicates that existing research focuses heavily on Chinese and Korean American immigrant communities, despite the heterogeneity of the diverse Asian American population. Studies were largely observational and employed community-based sampling. Critical literature gaps exist surrounding social isolation and loneliness in Asian American older adults, including the lack of studies on South Asian populations. Future studies should prioritize health promotion intervention research and focus on diverse understudied Asian subgroups.

scholarly journals mHealth Technology Use and Implications in Historically Underserved and Minority Populations in the United States: Systematic Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charkarra Anderson-Lewis ◽  
Gabrielle Darville ◽  
Rebeccah Eve Mercado ◽  
Savannah Howell ◽  
Samantha Di Maggio
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Mhealth Technology

scholarly journals The Economic Burden of Bipolar Disorder in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 12 ◽  
pp. 481-497
Author(s):  
Leona Bessonova ◽  
Kristine Ogden ◽  
Michael J Doane ◽  
Amy K O'Sullivan ◽  
Mauricio Tohen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Prevalence of Fistulizing Crohn’s Disease in the United States: Estimate From a Systematic Literature Review Attempt and Population-Based Database Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1773-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Schwartz ◽  
Ignacio Tagarro ◽  
Mary Carmen Díez ◽  
William J Sandborn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract Background Fistulas may arise as a relevant complication of Crohn’s disease (CD). Despite their clinical significance and the substantial burden imposed on patients, limited data are available on the epidemiology of fistulizing CD in the United States. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted to identify data published between 1970 and 2017 on the epidemiology of fistulas in patients with CD, with the aim to estimate the number of prevalent cases in the United States. Retrieved titles and abstracts were screened by 2 independent researchers for inclusion criteria (US population-based studies reporting data on the epidemiology of fistulizing CD). To validate the literature-based estimate, data from a US claims database (Truven Health MarketScan database) were analyzed. This database has broad geographic coverage, with health care data for >60 million patients during the period of the analysis. Results The literature search retrieved 7 articles for full-text review, and only 1 met the criteria for inclusion. This study described the cumulative incidence of fistulas in a CD population from Minnesota over 20 years. From the reported data, the estimated number of prevalent cases with fistulizing CD in the United States was ~76,600 in 2017 (~52,900 anal, ~7400 rectovaginal, ~2300 enterocutaneous, and ~14,100 internal). Analysis from the US health care database resulted in an estimated number of ~75,700 patients, confirming the robustness of the original estimate from the literature. Conclusions Based on 2 separate analyses, the estimated number of patients with fistulizing CD in the United States is ~77,000 patients.

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