1440. Meta-regression Analysis of Worldwide Herpes Zoster Incidence

Abstract Background Many studies have been conducted worldwide to estimate Herpes Zoster (HZ) incidence rates and temporal trends. We systematically reviewed and synthesized studies of HZ incidence rates in the general population using meta-analysis models. Methods A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate HZ incidence from a published worldwide systematic literature review (SLR) including only individuals aged 50 years and older. Meta-regression was used to explore if variability in incidence rates could be explained by a combination of study-specific characteristics in the base model: age, gender, continent and year of data collection. The impact of adding additional covariates: case detection, case definition, study design, incidence type, patient type and latitude to the base model was also assessed. Results 65 out of 69 studies from the SLR, were included in the analysis: 27 from Europe, 20 from North America, 11 from Asia and 7 from Oceania. There was much variability in study methodology and outcomes. Heterogeneity of incidence rates was greatest across studies conducted in Asia. Meta-analysis results showed that: incidence increased with age; was lower in males compared to females; was lower in Europe and North America compared to Asia and Oceania; and increased from the period prior to 2003 to the period after 2003. The final meta-regression model included continent, year of data collection, gender, age, cubic and quadratic terms for age, as well as an age x gender interaction term. The age x gender interaction suggests that the difference in incidence between males and females is greater in younger ages (e.g. 50-59), whereas in older age groups (e.g. 80+) incidence rates are similar between males and females. None of the additional covariates contributed significantly to the model. It was estimated that 15.5 million HZ cases occurred in 2020 worldwide in individuals aged 50 years and older, which in the absence of vaccination, is projected to increase to 19.8 million by 2030. Conclusion The model allows for trends in incidence data to be explored based on influential covariates. Incidence rates were shown to vary by age, gender, continent, and over time. Funding GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA Disclosures Barbara P. Yawn, MD, Msc, ORCID: 0000-0001-7278-5810, The GSK group of companies (Advisor or Review Panel member, Research Grant or Support) Andrea Callegaro, PhD, GSK group of companies (Employee, Shareholder) Kyle Fahrbach, PhD, Evidera (Employee)The GSK group of companies (Other Financial or Material Support, - KF is employed by Evidera that received financial support by the GSK group of companies during the conduct of the study) Binod Neupane, PhD, Evidera (Employee)The GSK group of companies (Other Financial or Material Support, - BN is employed by Evidera that received financial support by the GSK group of companies during the conduct of the study) Hilde Vroling, MSc, The GSK group of companies (Research Grant or Support) Desiree Van Oorschot, Msc, The GSK group of companies (Employee, Shareholder) Desmond Curran, PhD, The GSK group of companies (Employee, Shareholder)

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Sex differences in campylobacteriosis incidence rates at different ages - a seven country, multi-year, meta-analysis. A potential mechanism for the infection.

10.21203/rs.2.19298/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Manfred S Green ◽

Naama Schwartz ◽

Victoria Peer

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Age Group ◽

Male Predominance ◽

Time Period ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Time Periods

Abstract Background . There is evidence that males have higher incidence rates (IR) of campylobacteriosis than femlaes. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the sex differences differ between age groups and are consistent over different countries and over different time periods. Methods. We obtained data on incidence rates of campylobacteriosis by sex and age group over a period of 11-26 years from seven countries. Male to female incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed by age group, country and time period. For each age group, we used meta-analytic methods to combine the IRRs. Sensitivity analysis was used to test whether the results are robust to differences between countries and time periods. Meta-regression was conducted to estimate the different effects of age, country, and time period on the IRR. Results . In the age groups <1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-44, 45-64 and 65+ years old, the pooled IRRs (with 95% CI) were 1.31 (1.26-1.37), 1.34 (1.31-1.37), 1.35 (1.32-1.38), 1.73 (1.68-1.79), 1.10 (1.08-1.12), 1.19(1.17-1.21) and 1.27 (1.24-1.30), respectively. For each age group, the excess campylobacteriosis incidence rates in males differed at different age groups. However, despite some quantitative differences between countries, the excess was consistently present over long time-periods. In meta-regression analysis, age group was responsible for almost all the variation in the IRRs. Conclusions . The male predominance in campylobacteriosis incidence rates starts in infancy. This suggests that this is due, at least in part, to physiological or genetic differences and not just behavioural factors. These findings can provide clues to the mechanisms of the infection and could lead to more targeted treatments and vaccine development.

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Sex-Based Differences in the Incidence of Sports-Related Concussion: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

10.1177/1941738119877186 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 486-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jennifer Cheng ◽

Brittany Ammerman ◽

Kristen Santiago ◽

Bridget Jivanelli ◽

Emerald Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Study Design ◽

Rate Ratio ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Ice Hockey ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Meta Regression

Context: The incidence of sports-related concussion in females has been increasing in recent years. Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis on sex-based differences in concussion incidence in various sports and to determine the effects of study design (retrospective vs prospective), setting (competition vs practice), and population (university and above vs high school and below) via a meta-regression. Data Sources: PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 2000 to January 2018. Study Selection: Studies reporting sports-related concussion incidence data for both males and females (age ≥10 years) were included. Study Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: The rate ratio was calculated as the concussion rate in females/males. Data were pooled using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Results: Thirty-eight studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Soccer and basketball demonstrated significantly higher incidence of concussions in females compared with males (rate ratio [95% CI], 1.76 [1.43-2.16] and 1.99 [1.56-2.54], respectively; P < 0.01). Sex-based differences in concussion incidence rates for baseball/softball, ice hockey, lacrosse, swimming/diving, and track and field were not statistically significant. In the meta-regression analysis, there were no significant effects on the rate ratio when evaluating study design, setting, and population. Conclusion: Concussion incidence rates were significantly higher in females than in males for soccer and basketball.

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Sex differences in campylobacteriosis incidence rates at different ages - a seven country, multi-year, meta-analysis. A potential mechanism for the infection.

10.21203/rs.2.19298/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Manfred S Green ◽

Naama Schwartz ◽

Victoria Peer

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Age Group ◽

Male Predominance ◽

Time Period ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Time Periods

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Sex differences in campylobacteriosis incidence rates at different ages - a seven country, multi-year, meta-analysis. A potential mechanism for the infection.

10.21203/rs.2.19298/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Manfred S Green ◽

Naama Schwartz ◽

Victoria Peer

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Development ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Age Group ◽

Male Predominance ◽

Time Period ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Time Periods ◽

Rate Ratios

Abstract Background. There is evidence of an excess of males in the incidence rates of campylobacteriois. The objectives of this study were to determine whether these observations differ between age groups and are consistent over different countries and during different time periods. Methods. We obtained data on incidence rates of campylobacteriosis by sex and age group over a period of 11-26 years from seven countries. Male to female incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed by age group, country and time period. For each age group, we used meta-analytic methods to combine the IRRs. Sensitivity analysis was used to test whether the results are robust to differences between countries and time periods. Meta-regression was conducted to estimate the different effects of age, country, and time period on the IRR. Results. In the age groups <1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-44, 45-64 and 65+ years old, the pooled IRRs (with 95% CI) were 1.31 (1.26-1.37), 1.34 (1.31-1.37), 1.35 (1.32-1.38), 1.73 (1.68-1.79), 1.10 (1.08-1.12), 1.19(1.17-1.21) and 1.27 (1.24-1.30), respectively. For each age group, the excess campylobacteriosis incidence rates in males differed at different age groups. However, despite some quantitative differences between countries, the excess was consistently present over long time-periods. In meta-regression analysis, age group was responsible for almost all the variation in the IRRs. Conclusions. The male predominance in campylobacteriosis incidence rates starts in infancy. This suggests that this is due, at least in part, to physiological or genetic differences and not just behavioural factors. These findings can provide clues to the mechanisms of the infection and could lead to more targeted treatments and vaccine development.

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Efficacy of Acupuncture for Herpes Zoster: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Complementary Medicine Research ◽

10.1159/000515138 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Yi Cui ◽

Fang Wang ◽

Hongxia Li ◽

Xiaojing Zhang ◽

Xiaohan Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herpes Zoster ◽

Sample Size ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Post Herpetic Neuralgia ◽

Analog Scale ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Meta Regression Analysis ◽

Larger Sample

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of acupuncture in patients with herpes zoster (HZ) based on current randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Methods: Five databases were screened for RCTs published until August 2019. Studies that assessed the efficacy of acupuncture when used as an independent intervention for HZ were included. The outcomes of interest were pain intensity, as assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), incrustation time, decrustation time, and incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Results: In total, 21 RCTs were included in this research. Compared with antiviral therapy, acupuncture was associated with a reduction in VAS score by 16.13, incrustation time by 1.86 days, decrustation time by 2.19 days, and incidence of PHN by 83%. According to a meta-regression analysis, the main sources of heterogeneity were sample size and duration of treatment. There was no publication bias except on decrustation time. A sensitivity analysis showed that the outcomes were relatively stable and reliable. Conclusion: Acupuncture may be effective for patients with HZ. Nevertheless, this finding should be validated by conducting high-quality trials with a larger sample size.

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Sex differences in campylobacteriosis incidence rates at different ages - a seven country, multi-year, meta-analysis. A potential mechanism for the infection.

10.21203/rs.2.19298/v5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Manfred S Green ◽

Naama Schwartz ◽

Victoria Peer

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Age Group ◽

Male Predominance ◽

Time Period ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Time Periods

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Temporal Trends in Children’s School Day Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2021-0254 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Robert Glenn Weaver ◽

Rafael M. Tassitano ◽

Maria Cecília M. Tenório ◽

Keith Brazendale ◽

Michael W. Beets

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Systematic Review ◽

North America ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

School Day ◽

Meta Regression

Background: Evidence from a limited sample of countries indicates that time for physical education and recess during school have declined. Schools are called to provide children with 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated temporal trends in children’s school day MVPA. Methods: Three online databases were searched to identify studies with objectively measured MVPA, during school hours, in school aged children (5–18 y). Multilevel random-effects meta-analyses estimated MVPA by year, and meta-regression analyses estimated temporal trends in school day MVPA. Results: Studies (N = 65) providing 171 MVPA estimates, representing 60,779 unique children, from 32 countries, and spanning 2003–2019 were identified. Most studies were conducted in North America (n = 33) or Europe (n = 21). School day MVPA ranged from 18.1 (95% confidence interval, 15.1–21.1) to 47.1 (95% confidence interval, 39.4–54.8) minutes per day in any given year. Meta-regression analyses indicated that MVPA declined from 2003 to 2010 (approximately 15 min decline), plateaued from 2010 to 2015 (approximately 1 min decrease), and increased from 2015 to 2019 (approximately 5 min increase). Conclusions: School day MVPA decreased from 2003 to 2010 and has recently begun to increase. However, the majority of the evidence is from North America and Europe with some evidence from Oceania and very little evidence from Asia to South America.

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Sex differences in campylobacteriosis incidence rates at different ages - a seven country, multi-year, meta-analysis. A potential mechanism for the infection.

10.21203/rs.2.19298/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Manfred S Green ◽

Naama Schwartz ◽

Victoria Peer

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Age Group ◽

Male Predominance ◽

Time Period ◽

Different Ages ◽

Meta Regression

Abstract Background There is evidence that females mount a more efficient immune response to gram-negative bacteria. The objectives of this study were to determine whether there are consistent sex differences in the incidence rates of campylobacteriosis at different ages in different countries.Methods We obtained data on incidence rates of campylobacteriosis by sex and age group over a period of 11-26 years from seven countries Male to female incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed by age group, country and time period. For each age group, we used meta-analytic methods to combine the IRRs. Sensitivity analysis was used to test whether the results are stable and robust. Meta-regression was conducted to the estimate the effects of age, country, and time period on the IRR.Results In the age groups <1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-44, 45-64 and 65+ years old, the pooled IRRs (with 95% CI) were 1.31 (1.26-1.37), 1.34 (1.31-1.37), 1.35 (1.32-1.38), and 1.73 (1.68-1.79), 1.10 (1.08-1.12), 1.19(1.17-1.21), 1.27 (1.24-1.30), respectively. For each age group, the excess campylobacteriosis incidence rates in males is remarkably consistent for countries and time-periods, and in meta-regression analysis, age group was responsible for almost all the variation in the IRRs.Conclusions The male predominance in campylobacteriosis incidence rates starts in infancy. This suggests that this is due, at least in part, to physiological or genetic differences and not just behavioural factors. These findings can provide clues to the mechanisms of the infection, and could lead to more targeted treatments and vaccine development.

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Meta-Analysis of Price Premiums in Housing with Energy Performance Certificates (EPC)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11226303 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 6303 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cespedes-Lopez ◽

Mora-Garcia ◽

Perez-Sanchez ◽

Perez-Sanchez

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

North America ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Price Premium ◽

Global Level ◽

Sales Price ◽

Price Premiums ◽

Meta Regression ◽

The Impact

Studies have found that housing with energy performance certificates have a positive premium in sales price. However, other studies have obtained negative or unexpected results. The objective of this study is to determine whether or not housing with energy performance certificates (EPC) have positive premiums in the sales price. For this purpose, a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of prior studies were conducted in order to determine whether the existence of an EPC influences sales price. A total of 66 documents were examined, with a total of 173 sales registers. The impact of having or not having an EPC was analyzed for housing sales price premiums on a global level, as well as the premiums in Europe for each of the ABCDEFG qualification letters. The results suggest that: 1) Globally speaking, it is estimated that housing with an EPC has an overall price premium of 4.20%, on a continent level, with premiums of 5.36% being obtained in North America, 4.81% in Asia, and 2.32% in Europe; 2) in Europe, the results are not conclusive with regards to the ABCDEFG qualification, since there is no consensus as to the letter base to be used as a reference for comparisons, thereby generating small comparable samples.

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Estimated Prevalence and Incidence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and SOD1 and C9orf72 Genetic Variants

Neuroepidemiology ◽

10.1159/000516752 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Carolyn A. Brown ◽

Cathy Lally ◽

Varant Kupelian ◽

W. Dana Flanders

Keyword(s):

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽

Latin America ◽

North America ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Chromosome 9 ◽

Genetic Origin ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Incident Cases ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by progressive deterioration of motor neurons. Assessment of the size/geographic distribution of the ALS population, including ALS with genetic origin, is needed to understand the burden of the disease and the need for clinical intervention and therapy. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to estimate the number of prevalent and incident ALS cases overall and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) ALS in 22 countries across Europe (Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Spain, Sweden, and UK), North America (USA and Canada), Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Uruguay), and Asia (China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan). Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify population-based studies reporting ALS prevalence and/or incidence rates. Pooled prevalence and incidence rates were obtained using a meta-analysis approach at the country and regional geographic level. A country-level pooled estimate was used when ≥2 studies were available per country and geographic regional pooled estimates were used otherwise. The proportion of cases with a SOD1 or C9orf72 mutation among sporadic (sALS) and familial (fALS) cases were obtained from a previous systematic review and meta-analysis. Results: Pooled prevalence rates (per 100,000 persons) and incidence rates (per 100,000 person-years) were 6.22 and 2.31 for Europe, 5.20 and 2.35 for North America, 3.41 and 1.25 for Latin America, 3.01 and 0.93 for Asian countries excluding Japan, and 7.96 and 1.76 for Japan, respectively. Significant heterogeneity in reported incidence and prevalence was observed within and between countries/geographic regions. The estimated number of 2020 ALS cases across the 22 countries is 121,028 prevalent and 41,128 incident cases. The total estimated number of prevalent SOD1 cases is 2,876 cases, of which, 1,342 (47%) were fALS and 1,534 (53%) were sALS, and the number of incident SOD1 cases is 946 (434 [46%] fALS and 512 [54%] sALS). The total estimated number of prevalent C9orf72 cases is 4,545 (1,198 [26%] fALS, 3,347 [74%] sALS), and the number of incident C9orf72 cases is 1,706 (450 [26%] fALS and 1,256 [74%] sALS). Discussion: The estimated number of patients with SOD1 and C9orf72 ALS suggests that although the proportions of SOD1 and C9orf72 are higher among those with fALS, the majority of SOD1 and C9orf72 ALS cases may be found among those with sALS (about 53 and 74%, respectively). These results suggest that classification of fALS based on reported family history does not capture the full picture of ALS of genetic origin.

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