scholarly journals An Interprofessional Curriculum on Antimicrobial Stewardship Improves Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Appropriate Antimicrobial Use and Collaboration

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Conan MacDougall ◽  
Brian S. Schwartz ◽  
Lisa Kim ◽  
Mari Nanamori ◽  
Sharmin Shekarchian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Learning Module ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Appropriate Antimicrobial Use

Abstract Background Inappropriate antimicrobial use can threaten patient safety and is the focus of collaborative physician and pharmacist antimicrobial stewardship teams. However, antimicrobial stewardship is not comprehensively taught in medical or pharmacy school curricula. Addressing this deficiency can teach an important concept as well as model interprofessional healthcare. Methods We created an antimicrobial stewardship curriculum consisting of an online learning module and workshop session that combined medical and pharmacy students, with faculty from both professions. Learners worked through interactive, branched-logic clinical cases relating to appropriate antimicrobial use. We surveyed participants before and after the curriculum using validated questions to assess knowledge and attitudes regarding antimicrobial stewardship and interprofessional collaboration. Results were analyzed using paired χ2 and t tests and mixed-effects logistic regression. Results Analysis was performed with the 745 students (425 medical students, 320 pharmacy students) who completed both pre- and postcurriculum surveys over 3 years. After completing the curriculum, significantly more students perceived that they were able to describe the role of each profession in appropriate antimicrobial use (34% vs 82%, P < .001), communicate in a manner that engaged the interprofessional team (75% vs 94%, P < .001), and describe collaborative approaches to appropriate antimicrobial use (49% vs 92%, P < .001). Student favorability ratings were high for the online learning module (85%) and small group workshop (93%). Conclusions A curriculum on antimicrobial stewardship consisting of independent learning and an interprofessional workshop significantly increased knowledge and attitudes towards collaborative antimicrobial stewardship among preclinical medical and pharmacy students.

scholarly journals Effects of a Remote Antimicrobial Stewardship Program on Antimicrobial Use in a Regional Hospital System

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Knight ◽  
Jessica Michal ◽  
Stephanie Milliken ◽  
Jenna Swindler
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Physician Review ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Implementation Time ◽  
Acceptance Rates

While antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are well established at most large medical centers, small or rural facilities often do not have the same resources; therefore, different methods must be developed to start or expand ASPs for these hospitals. The purpose of this quality improvement study was to describe the implementation of a pharmacist-led remote ASP and assess the effect on antimicrobial use. Antimicrobial use in days of therapy per 1000 patient days (DOT/1000 PD) was compared between the six months before and after remote ASP implementation. Changes in system-wide, facility-specific, and target antimicrobial use were evaluated. Pharmacist interventions, acceptance rates, and number of times infectious disease (ID) physician assistance was sought were also tracked. System-wide antimicrobial use was 4.6% less in the post-implementation time period than in the pre-implementation time period, with vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and fluoroquinolones having the greatest reductions in use. Ninety-one percent of interventions made during the post-implementation period were accepted. ID physician review was requested 38 times, and direct ID physician intervention was required six times. Remote ASPs delivered from a central facility to serve a larger system may reduce antimicrobial use, especially against targeted agents, with minimal increase in ID physician workload.

scholarly journals The Hospital Antimicrobial Use Process: From Beginning to End

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
William R Truong ◽  
Jason Yamaki
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Appropriate Antimicrobial Use

Abstract Hospital antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs are responsible for ensuring that all antimicrobials are utilized in the most appropriate and safe manner to improve patient outcomes, prevent adverse drug reactions, and prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance. This Perspectives article outlines the hospital antimicrobial use process (AUP), the foundational system that ensures that all antimicrobials are utilized in the most appropriate and safe manner. The AUP consists of the following steps: antimicrobial ordering, order verification, preparation and delivery, administration, monitoring, and discharge prescribing. AMS programs should determine how each step contributes to how an antimicrobial is used appropriately or inappropriately at their institution. Through this understanding, AMS programs can integrate stewardship activities at each step to ensure that every opportunity is taken to optimize antimicrobial use during a patient’s treatment course. Hence, approaching AMS through the framework of a hospital’s AUP is essential to improving appropriate antimicrobial use.

scholarly journals Preparing Pharmacy Students for Practice to Support Underserved Older Persons

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 762-762
Author(s):  
Daniel Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Aging In Place ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Team Collaboration ◽  
Practice Experience ◽  
Health Screenings ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Interprofessional collaboration is needed to ensure high quality care. Effective programs teaching necessary team-based care skills are under investigation. This study evaluated the Aging in Place program, an interprofessional practice experience (IPE), in preparing pharmacy students for practice with underserved older persons. The Assessment of Interprofessional Team Collaboration Scale (AITCS) and Team Decision Making Questionnaire (TCMQ) were administered to students before and after their experience. The number of disciplines represented, campuses involved, resident sessions, resident interactions, and health screenings performed were documented. Overall, AITCS and TDMQ scores improved after participation in the program. Since the program’s inception, there have been 7 disciplines represented, 2 campuses involved, 125 student participants, 2 housing buildings, 90 resident sessions, and 370 health screenings performed. The Aging in Place program has grown and shown that an IPE program is feasible to better prepare pharmacy students for collaborative care with older residents of affordable housing buildings.

scholarly journals Effects of the cefazolin shortage on the sales, cost, and appropriate use of other antimicrobials

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuji Koizumi ◽  
Yoshiki Kusama ◽  
Yusuke Asai ◽  
Gu Yoshiaki ◽  
Yuichi Muraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Sales Data ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Appropriate Antimicrobial Use

Abstract Background Shortages of antimicrobials lead to treatment failures, increase medical costs, and accelerate the development of antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated the effects of the serious cefazolin shortage in 2019 in Japan on the sales, costs, and appropriate use of other antimicrobials. Methods We evaluated monthly defined daily doses/1000 inhabitants/day (DID) values of antimicrobial sales from January 2016 to December 2019 using wholesaler’s sales databases. Using 2016–2018 sales data, we generated a prediction model of DID in 2019 under the assumption that the cefazolin shortage did not occur. We then compared the predicted DID and actual DID. Cefazolin, government-recommended alternatives, and government-not-recommended broad-spectrum alternatives were assessed. Antimicrobial groups according to the AWaRe classification were also assessed to evaluate the effect on appropriate antimicrobial use. In addition, we evaluated changes in costs between 9 months before and after the cefazolin shortage. Results DID values of total antimicrobials increased sharply 1 month before the decrease in cefazolin. Actual DIDs were higher than predicted DIDs for ceftriaxone, flomoxef, clindamycin, cefotiam, piperacillin/tazobactam, and meropenem. Actual DID values were higher than the predicted DID values in the Watch group. The costs of antimicrobials between pre- and post- cefazolin shortage were unchanged. Conclusion The cefazolin shortage brought confusion to the antimicrobial market and led to a setback in the appropriate use of antimicrobials. Early recognition and structures for prompt reactions to antimicrobial shortages are needed. Moreover, development of a system to secure the supply of essential antimicrobials is required.

scholarly journals Use of a Structured Method of Antimicrobial Stewardship at a City Hospital by Pharmacy Students

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Kimberly E. Ng ◽  
Nicole Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Practice Experience ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Review Form

The objective of this study was to determine the utility of a structured method of antimicrobial stewardship by Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience students and assess student perceptions of the tool. Pharmacy students on rotation were trained to utilize a structured team antibiotic review form (TARF) as a tool to participate in antimicrobial stewardship. Students completed anonymous evaluations regarding their confidence in performing stewardship after completing their rotation, and preceptors quantified total student interventions. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics. The Fisher’s Exact Test was used to compare students’ confidence before and after using TARFs. Twenty-six students participated in antimicrobial stewardship using TARFs, resulting in 889 interventions. Nearly 96% of students reported that TARFs helped them evaluate patient antibiotics in a way that was easy to follow and that TARFs provided them with an organized and structured way to systematically evaluate antibiotics. All students felt that the TARFs increased their knowledge on how to evaluate antibiotics. Significantly more students were confident in participating in antimicrobial stewardship after using the TARF. TARF use allowed students to substantially contribute to stewardship, and provided them with a structured guide allowing for improved student knowledge and confidence.

scholarly journals Pharmacy Students’ Knowledge and Perceptions about Antimicrobial Stewardship

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nehad J Ahmed ◽  
Khalil Y Abujheisha ◽  
Mohamed F. Balaha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Global Public Health

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is considered one of the serious threats to global public health. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should be implemented by all hospitals to improve antimicrobial use. It is important that pharmacy students have a sound knowledge of antimicrobial stewardship. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine pharmacy students’ knowledge and perceptions about antimicrobial stewardship. Methodology: The study included a questionnaire that was used to assess the background knowledge of pharmacy students and their perceptions on antimicrobial stewardship. Results and Discussion: Out of 103 students who completed the survey, 25 students (24.27%) reported that they know what antimicrobial Stewardship is, and only 39 students were familiar with antimicrobial stewardship programs in Saudi Arabia. Most of the students (95.14%) reported that they need more antimicrobial stewardship training. Conclusion: Our results, therefore, recommend that pharmacy students should have more training on bacterial resistance, antibiotic use and antimicrobial stewardship.

scholarly journals Effects of the cefazolin shortage on the sales, cost, and appropriate use of other antimicrobials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuji KOIZUMI ◽  
Yoshiki KUSAMA ◽  
Yusuke ASAI ◽  
Yoshiaki GU ◽  
Yuichi MURAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Sales Data ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Appropriate Antimicrobial Use

Abstract Background Shortages of antimicrobials lead to treatment failures, increase medical costs, and accelerate the development of antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated the effects of the serious cefazolin shortage in 2019 in Japan on the sales, costs, and appropriate use of other antimicrobials. Methods We evaluated monthly defined daily doses/1,000 inhabitants/day (DID) values of antimicrobial sales from January 2016 to December 2019 using wholesaler’s sales databases. Using 2016–2018 sales data, we generated a prediction model of DID in 2019 under the assumption that the cefazolin shortage did not occur. We then compared the predicted DID and actual DID. Cefazolin, government-recommended alternatives, and non-government-recommended broad-spectrum alternatives were assessed. Antimicrobial groups according to the AWaRe classification were also assessed to evaluate the effect on appropriate antimicrobial use. In addition, we evaluated changes in costs between 9 months before and after the cefazolin shortage. Results DID values of total antimicrobials increased sharply 1 month before the decrease in cefazolin. Actual DIDs were higher than predicted DIDs for ceftriaxone, flomoxef, clindamycin, cefotiam, piperacillin/tazobactam, and meropenem. Actual DID values were higher than the predicted DID values in the Watch group. The costs of antimicrobials between pre- and post- cefazolin shortage were unchanged. Conclusion The cefazolin shortage brought confusion to the antimicrobial market and led to a setback in the appropriate use of antimicrobials. Early recognition and structures for prompt reactions to antimicrobial shortages are needed. Moreover, development of a system to secure the supply of essential antimicrobials is required.

0061 Utility of an online learning module for teaching disbudding in dairy calves, including cornual nerve block application

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
C. B. Winder ◽  
S. J. LeBlanc ◽  
D. B. Haley ◽  
K. D. Lissemore ◽  
M. A. Godkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Learning Module

EFEKTIVITAS BOOKLET TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PEMELIHARAAN KESEHATAN GIGI MULUT PADA IBU HAMIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Rahmaini Fitri
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Pregnancy causes physiological changes in the body and as well as in the oral cavity. Dental and oral diseases associated with pregnancy that is, gingivitis, periodontitis and pregnancy granuloma. Mouth dental disease during pregnancy is not only influenced by the pregnancy itself but rather the lack of knowledge about dental and oral health maintenance. Efforts to improve the knowledge of pregnant women about oral health is done by providing information, information necessary for health education media. In this case the media is created and used to improve the knowledge of pregnant women is the booklet. This study aimed to analyze the differences in knowledge and attitudes before and after maintenance booklet oral health in pregnant women. This study is a quasi experiment with one group pre  and post test design. The sample is the first trimester pregnant women who come to the health center in Sentosa Baru Medan as many as 34 people. Analysis of the data  forcompare the average difference in scores of knowledge and attitudes before and after the intervention used the Wilcoxon test. The results showed there is an increased knowledge and attitude maintenance of oral health in pregnant women after being given a booklet with a value of p < 0.001, a percentage increase of 30% knowledge and attitudes percentage of 37%. The conclusions of this study is increased knowledge and attitude maintenance of oral health in pregnant women after being given a booklet.

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