scholarly journals 2617. Increased Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Density During Asymptomatic Respiratory Virus Infection Is Associated with Subsequent Development of Acute Respiratory Illness

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S910-S911
Author(s):  
Leigh M Howard ◽  
Yuwei Zhu ◽  
Marie Griffin ◽  
Kathryn Edwards ◽  
John V Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Viral Detection ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
Colonization Density ◽  
Pneumococcal Colonization

Abstract Background Increased density of nasopharyngeal (NP) pneumococcal colonization has been associated with invasive pneumococcal disease in children. However, factors that lead to increased pneumococcal density are poorly understood. We sought to determine whether viral detection during asymptomatic periods in young children was associated with increased NP pneumococcal density and the subsequent development of acute respiratory illness (ARI). Methods Using NP samples obtained during asymptomatic periods from children less than 3 years of age in the rural Peruvian Andes, we determined NP pneumococcal colonization density by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and identified respiratory viruses by RT–PCR. We examined the association between viral detection and pneumococcal density adjusting for relevant covariates using a multivariable quantile mixed effects regression model. We also assessed the association of pneumococcal density during asymptomatic periods in these children on the time to the next ARI using survival analysis. Results During asymptomatic periods, the presence of NP pneumococcal colonization was more common when respiratory viruses were detected. In addition, in the multivariable model, log10-transformed pneumococcal densities were significantly higher during asymptomatic periods when viruses were detected [median 4.52 (4.14, 5.01) P < 0.001], specifically human rhinovirus (HRV) [median 4.58 (4.27, 5.12), P < 0.001] and adenovirus (AdV) [median 4.21 (3.79, 4.91), P = 0.014], compared with when no virus was detected [median 3.16 (2.92, 3.73), Figure 1]. Increased pneumococcal density was also significantly associated with a higher rate of subsequent ARI (p = 0.008, Figure 2). Conclusion Among young children, detection of respiratory viruses during asymptomatic periods was associated with increased pneumococcal colonization density, which, in turn, was associated with higher rate of subsequent ARI. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Density Is Associated With Viral Activity but Not With Use of Improved Stoves Among Young Andean Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh M Howard ◽  
Roger Fan ◽  
Yuwei Zhu ◽  
Marie R Griffin ◽  
Kathryn M Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Intervention Package ◽  
Home Intervention ◽  
Colonization Density ◽  
Pneumococcal Colonization ◽  
Multiple Samples

Abstract Background Indoor smoke exposure is common in developing countries and may influence nasopharyngeal (NP) pneumococcal colonization density and risk of acute respiratory illness. We compared colonization density among Andean children living in households previously enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a home intervention package including improved stoves to reduce smoke, kitchen sinks, and water disinfection. Methods We enrolled 260 children aged &lt;3 years and made weekly household visits to assess for acute respiratory illness (ARI) and collect nasal swabs for respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing during ARI. At monthly intervals, NP swabs were collected to determine pneumococcal colonization density through quantitative lytA PCR. We used linear quantile mixed-effects models to compare median log-transformed colonization densities among children in households randomized to the control (n = 129) versus intervention (n = 131) in sequential time points, accounting for random effects of multiple samples from individual children. Other covariates included age, sex, month, antibiotic exposure, and timing of sample collection relative to ARI with and without viral detection. Results Age and sociodemographic characteristics were similar between groups. Although no differences were observed in densities between groups, colonization density varied significantly over time in both groups, with highest densities coinciding with spring months. Time during and after virus-associated ARI was also associated with higher pneumococcal colonization density than time remote from ARIs. Conclusions A home intervention package, including improved stoves, was not associated with changes in pneumococcal densities in young Andean children. However, increasing pneumococcal density was observed with spring season and viral-associated ARIs.

scholarly journals Which healthcare workers work with acute respiratory illness? Evidence from Canadian acute-care hospitals during 4 influenza seasons: 2010–2011 to 2013–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 889-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Jiang ◽  
Allison McGeer ◽  
Shelly McNeil ◽  
Kevin Katz ◽  
Mark Loeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Onset Date ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Healthcare Settings

AbstractBackground:Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of acquiring and transmitting respiratory viruses while working in healthcare settings.Objectives:To investigate the incidence of and factors associated with HCWs working during an acute respiratory illness (ARI).Methods:HCWs from 9 Canadian hospitals were prospectively enrolled in active surveillance for ARI during the 2010–2011 to 2013–2014 influenza seasons. Daily illness diaries during ARI episodes collected information on symptoms and work attendance.Results:At least 1 ARI episode was reported by 50.4% of participants each study season. Overall, 94.6% of ill individuals reported working at least 1 day while symptomatic, resulting in an estimated 1.9 days of working while symptomatic and 0.5 days of absence during an ARI per participant season. In multivariable analysis, the adjusted relative risk of working while symptomatic was higher for physicians and lower for nurses relative to other HCWs. Participants were more likely to work if symptoms were less severe and on the illness onset date compared to subsequent days. The most cited reason for working while symptomatic was that symptoms were mild and the HCW felt well enough to work (67%). Participants were more likely to state that they could not afford to stay home if they did not have paid sick leave and were younger.Conclusions:HCWs worked during most episodes of ARI, most often because their symptoms were mild. Further data are needed to understand how best to balance the costs and risks of absenteeism versus those associated with working while ill.

scholarly journals Detection and characterization of respiratory viruses causing acute respiratory illness and asthma exacerbation in children during three different seasons (2011–2014) in Mexico City

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazmin Moreno‐Valencia ◽  
Victor A. Hernandez‐Hernandez ◽  
Jose A. I. Romero‐Espinoza ◽  
Rodrigo H. Coronel‐Tellez ◽  
Manuel Castillejos‐Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Asthma Exacerbation ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Different Seasons

scholarly journals Outbreak of severe acute respiratory infection in Southern Province, Sri Lanka in 2018: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e040612
Author(s):  
Sky Vanderburg ◽  
Gaya Wijayaratne ◽  
Nayomi Danthanarayana ◽  
Jude Jayamaha ◽  
Bhagya Piyasiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southern Province

ObjectivesTo determine aetiology of illness among children and adults presenting during outbreak of severe respiratory illness in Southern Province, Sri Lanka, in 2018.DesignProspective, cross-sectional study.Setting1600-bed, public, tertiary care hospital in Southern Province, Sri Lanka.Participants410 consecutive patients, including 371 children and 39 adults, who were admitted with suspected viral pneumonia (passive surveillance) or who met case definition for acute respiratory illness (active surveillance) in May to June 2018.ResultsWe found that cocirculation of influenza A (22.6% of cases), respiratory syncytial virus (27.8%) and adenovirus (AdV) (30.7%; type B3) was responsible for the outbreak. Mortality was noted in 4.5% of paediatric cases identified during active surveillance. Virus type and viral coinfection were not significantly associated with mortality.ConclusionsThis is the first report of intense cocirculation of multiple respiratory viruses as a cause of an outbreak of severe acute respiratory illness in Sri Lanka, and the first time that AdV has been documented as a cause of a respiratory outbreak in the country. Our results emphasise the need for continued vigilance in surveying for known and emerging respiratory viruses in the tropics.

scholarly journals Respiratory viruses in returning Hajj & Umrah pilgrims with acute respiratory illness in 2014-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
ParvaizA Koul ◽  
Hyder Mir ◽  
Siddhartha Saha ◽  
MandeepS Chadha ◽  
Varsha Potdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness

scholarly journals Incidence of medically attended acute respiratory illnesses due to respiratory viruses across the life course during the 2018/19 influenza season

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L Jackson ◽  
Lea Starita ◽  
Erika Kiniry ◽  
C Hallie Phillips ◽  
Stacie Wellwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Background While multiple respiratory viruses circulate in humans, few studies have compared the incidence of different viruses across the life course. We estimated the incidence of outpatient illness due to 12 different viruses during November 2018 through April 2019 in a fully enumerated population. Methods We conducted active surveillance for ambulatory care visits for acute respiratory illness (ARI) among members of Kaiser Permanente Washington (KPWA). Enrolled patients provided respiratory swab specimens which were tested for 12 respiratory viruses using RT-PCR. We estimated the cumulative incidence of infection due to each virus overall and by age group. Results The KPWA population under surveillance included 202,562 individuals, of whom 2,767 (1.4%) were enrolled in the study. Influenza A(H3N2) was the most commonly detected virus, with an overall incidence 21 medically attended illnesses per 1,000 population; the next most common viruses were influenza A(H1N1) (18 per 1,000), coronaviruses (13 per 1,000), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 13 per 1,000), and rhinovirus (9 per 1,000). RSV was the most common cause of medically attended ARI among children aged 1-4 years; coronaviruses were the most common among adults aged ≥65 years. Conclusions Consistent with other studies focused on single viruses, we found that influenza and RSV were major causes of acute respiratory illness in persons of all ages. In comparison, coronaviruses and rhinovirus were also important pathogens. Prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, coronaviruses were the second-most common cause of medically attended ARI during the 2018/19 influenza season.

scholarly journals Detection of respiratory viruses and the associated chemokine responses in serious acute respiratory illness

Thorax ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Sumino ◽  
M. J. Walter ◽  
C. L. Mikols ◽  
S. A. Thompson ◽  
M. Gaudreault-Keener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness

scholarly journals A Cross-sectional Surveillance Study of the Frequency and Etiology of Acute Respiratory Illness Among Pregnant Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 218 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M Hause ◽  
Vasanthi Avadhanula ◽  
Maurizio L Maccato ◽  
Phillip M Pinell ◽  
Nanette Bond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Prescription Medication ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background Other than influenza, little is known about the consequences of viral acute respiratory illness (ARI) on pregnant women and fetuses. Our objectives were to determine the frequency of ARI due to respiratory viruses and the associated clinical outcomes during pregnancy. Methods Pregnant women in their second or third trimester were enrolled if they reported having symptoms of ARI or were healthy within the preceding 2 weeks. Nasopharyngeal secretions were evaluated for respiratory viruses by molecular diagnostic assays. Clinical outcomes were evaluated at enrollment and via a follow-up telephone-based questionnaire 2 weeks later. Results There were 155 pregnant participants, with 81 ARI cases and 91 healthy controls. Acute lower respiratory tract illness (ALRTI) was identified in 29 cases (36%). Human rhinovirus (HRV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza virus accounted for 75% of virus-positive cases of ALRTI. Cases with ALRTI often reported a longer duration of illness, history of allergies, symptoms of wheezing, shortness of breath, or chest pain, and use of prescription medication. Two cases with ALRTI reported decreased fetal movement; a third case with ALRTI was hospitalized. Conclusions In over one third of ARI cases, participants had symptoms consistent with ALRTI. Infection with HRV, RSV, or influenza virus was commonly detected in patients with ALRTI. Viral ALRTI during pregnancy appears to be common and is associated with significant morbidity.

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