scholarly journals Which healthcare workers work with acute respiratory illness? Evidence from Canadian acute-care hospitals during 4 influenza seasons: 2010–2011 to 2013–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 889-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Jiang ◽  
Allison McGeer ◽  
Shelly McNeil ◽  
Kevin Katz ◽  
Mark Loeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Onset Date ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Healthcare Settings

AbstractBackground:Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of acquiring and transmitting respiratory viruses while working in healthcare settings.Objectives:To investigate the incidence of and factors associated with HCWs working during an acute respiratory illness (ARI).Methods:HCWs from 9 Canadian hospitals were prospectively enrolled in active surveillance for ARI during the 2010–2011 to 2013–2014 influenza seasons. Daily illness diaries during ARI episodes collected information on symptoms and work attendance.Results:At least 1 ARI episode was reported by 50.4% of participants each study season. Overall, 94.6% of ill individuals reported working at least 1 day while symptomatic, resulting in an estimated 1.9 days of working while symptomatic and 0.5 days of absence during an ARI per participant season. In multivariable analysis, the adjusted relative risk of working while symptomatic was higher for physicians and lower for nurses relative to other HCWs. Participants were more likely to work if symptoms were less severe and on the illness onset date compared to subsequent days. The most cited reason for working while symptomatic was that symptoms were mild and the HCW felt well enough to work (67%). Participants were more likely to state that they could not afford to stay home if they did not have paid sick leave and were younger.Conclusions:HCWs worked during most episodes of ARI, most often because their symptoms were mild. Further data are needed to understand how best to balance the costs and risks of absenteeism versus those associated with working while ill.

Factors associated with acute respiratory illness in day care children

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 704-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Hatakka ◽  
Laura Piirainen ◽  
Sara Pohjavuori ◽  
Tuija Poussa ◽  
Erkki Savilahti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Day Care ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Detection and characterization of respiratory viruses causing acute respiratory illness and asthma exacerbation in children during three different seasons (2011–2014) in Mexico City

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazmin Moreno‐Valencia ◽  
Victor A. Hernandez‐Hernandez ◽  
Jose A. I. Romero‐Espinoza ◽  
Rodrigo H. Coronel‐Tellez ◽  
Manuel Castillejos‐Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Asthma Exacerbation ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Different Seasons

scholarly journals Outbreak of severe acute respiratory infection in Southern Province, Sri Lanka in 2018: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e040612
Author(s):  
Sky Vanderburg ◽  
Gaya Wijayaratne ◽  
Nayomi Danthanarayana ◽  
Jude Jayamaha ◽  
Bhagya Piyasiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southern Province

ObjectivesTo determine aetiology of illness among children and adults presenting during outbreak of severe respiratory illness in Southern Province, Sri Lanka, in 2018.DesignProspective, cross-sectional study.Setting1600-bed, public, tertiary care hospital in Southern Province, Sri Lanka.Participants410 consecutive patients, including 371 children and 39 adults, who were admitted with suspected viral pneumonia (passive surveillance) or who met case definition for acute respiratory illness (active surveillance) in May to June 2018.ResultsWe found that cocirculation of influenza A (22.6% of cases), respiratory syncytial virus (27.8%) and adenovirus (AdV) (30.7%; type B3) was responsible for the outbreak. Mortality was noted in 4.5% of paediatric cases identified during active surveillance. Virus type and viral coinfection were not significantly associated with mortality.ConclusionsThis is the first report of intense cocirculation of multiple respiratory viruses as a cause of an outbreak of severe acute respiratory illness in Sri Lanka, and the first time that AdV has been documented as a cause of a respiratory outbreak in the country. Our results emphasise the need for continued vigilance in surveying for known and emerging respiratory viruses in the tropics.

scholarly journals Respiratory viruses in returning Hajj & Umrah pilgrims with acute respiratory illness in 2014-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
ParvaizA Koul ◽  
Hyder Mir ◽  
Siddhartha Saha ◽  
MandeepS Chadha ◽  
Varsha Potdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness

scholarly journals INFLUENCES OF PARENTS AND PEERS ON ADOLESCENT SMOKING INITIATION: FINDINGS FROM A LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN KOTA TINGGI DISTRICT, JOHOR, MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Lim Kuang Hock ◽  
Lim Hui Li ◽  
Sumarni Mohd Ghazali ◽  
Cheong Yoon Ling ◽  
Kee Chee Cheong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Multi Stage

Studies have shown that parents and peers are among the dominant factors that contribute to smoking initiation among non-smoking adolescents. The paucity of this information in Malaysia warrants a longitudinal study to determine the actual factors associated smoking initiation. The study aims to address the gaps in our knowledge on the factors that associated with smoking initiation among non-smoking school-going adolescents. We carried out a longitudinal study among non-smoking secondary school-going adolescents in Kota Tinggi district, Johor. A representative sample of 1682 was selected via multi-stage sampling and respondents were followed-up for a period of one year. A pre-validated questionnaire was used to collect data from the selected respondents and multivariable logistic regression was employed to determine the factors associated with smoking initiation among non-smoking school-going adolescents. Approximately 1 in 10 non-smoking school-going adolescents-initiated smoking at the end of follow-up. Having peers and a father who smokes were significantly associated with smoking in univariate analysis, similarly, a relationship was also observed in multivariable analysis between parents who smoked with smoking initiation after the effect of other independent variables were controlled (Adjusted relative risk: 1.81, 95% CI 1.06-2.95). The study revealed that parental influence was more dominant than peer influence with regard to smoking initiation. Therefore, intervention programmes should involve parents/guardians to enhance their chances of success and reduce the incidence of smoking among non-smoking school-going adolescents.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccine for Preventing Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Hospitalizations in Immunocompromised Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailey Hughes ◽  
Donald B Middleton ◽  
Mary Patricia Nowalk ◽  
Goundappa K Balasubramani ◽  
Emily T Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Season ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Onset Date ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Negative Case ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Immunocompetent Adults

ABSTRACTBackgroundYearly influenza immunization is recommended for immunocompromised (IC) individuals, although immune responses are lower than that for the non-immunocompromised and the data on vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the IC is scarce. We evaluated VE against influenza-associated hospitalization among IC adults.MethodsWe analyzed data from adults ≥ 18 years hospitalized with acute respiratory illness (ARI) during the 2017-2018 influenza season at 10 hospitals in the United States. IC adults were identified using pre-specified case-definitions, utilizing electronic medical record data. VE was evaluated with a test-negative case-control design using multivariate logistic regression with PCR-confirmed influenza as the outcome and vaccination status as the exposure, adjusting for age, enrolling site, illness onset date, race, days from onset to specimen collection, self-reported health, and self-reported hospitalizations.ResultsOf 3,524 adults hospitalized with ARI, 1,210 (34.3%) had an immunocompromising condition. IC adults were more likely to be vaccinated than non-IC (69.5% vs 65.2%), and less likely to have influenza (22% vs 27.8%). The mean age did not differ among IC and non-IC (61.4 vs 60.8 years old). The overall VE against influenza hospitalization, including immunocompetent adults, was 33% (95% CI, 21% to 44%). VE among IC vs non-IC adults was lower at 5% (−29% to 31%) vs. 41% (27% to 52%) (p<0.05 for interaction term).ConclusionsVE in one influenza season was very low among IC individuals. Future efforts should include evaluation of VE among the different immunocompromising conditions and whether enhanced vaccines improve the suboptimal effectiveness among the immunocompromised.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Influenza-Associated Severe Acute Respiratory Illness Hospitalization in South Africa, 2012–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Tempia ◽  
Sibongile Walaza ◽  
Jocelyn Moyes ◽  
Adam L. Cohen ◽  
Claire von Mollendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Illness

Abstract Background Data on risk factors for influenza-associated hospitalizations in low- and middle-income countries are limited. Methods We conducted active syndromic surveillance for hospitalized severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) and outpatient influenza-like illness (ILI) in 2 provinces of South Africa during 2012–2015. We compared the characteristics of influenza-positive patients with SARI to those with ILI to identify factors associated with severe disease requiring hospitalization, using unconditional logistic regression. Results During the study period, influenza virus was detected in 5.9% (110 of 1861) and 15.8% (577 of 3652) of SARI and ILI cases, respectively. On multivariable analysis factors significantly associated with increased risk of influenza-associated SARI hospitalization were as follows: younger and older age (&lt;6 months [adjusted odds ratio {aOR}, 37.6], 6–11 months [aOR, 31.9], 12–23 months [aOR, 22.1], 24–59 months [aOR, 7.1], and ≥65 years [aOR, 40.7] compared with 5–24 years of age), underlying medical conditions (aOR, 4.5), human immunodeficiency virus infection (aOR, 4.3), and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization density ≥1000 deoxyribonucleic acid copies/mL (aOR, 4.8). Underlying medical conditions in children aged &lt;5 years included asthma (aOR, 22.7), malnutrition (aOR, 2.4), and prematurity (aOR, 4.8); in persons aged ≥5 years, conditions included asthma (aOR, 3.6), diabetes (aOR, 7.1), chronic lung diseases (aOR, 10.7), chronic heart diseases (aOR, 9.6), and obesity (aOR, 21.3). Mine workers (aOR, 13.8) and pregnant women (aOR, 12.5) were also at increased risk for influenza-associated hospitalization. Conclusions The risk groups identified in this study may benefit most from annual influenza immunization, and children &lt;6 months of age may be protected through vaccination of their mothers during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with hospitalisation for influenza-associated severe acute respiratory illness in South Africa: A case-population study

Vaccine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (46) ◽  
pp. 5649-5655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tochukwu Raphael Abadom ◽  
Adrian D. Smith ◽  
Stefano Tempia ◽  
Shabir A. Madhi ◽  
Cheryl Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Population Study ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Illness
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