scholarly journals 436. Skin and Soft-tissue Infections Are a Common Reason for Potentially Inappropriate Antimicrobial Use among Inpatients in Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S216-S217
Author(s):  
Tianchen Sheng ◽  
Gaya B Wijayaratne ◽  
Thushani M Dabrera ◽  
Ajith Nagahawatte ◽  
Champica K Bodinayake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Point Prevalence Study ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTI) are a common reason for antimicrobial use in the outpatient and inpatient settings. Inappropriate antimicrobial use for SSTI is common. We determined the prevalence of SSTI and associated inappropriate antimicrobial use among inpatients in Sri Lanka. Methods A point-prevalence study of antimicrobial use was conducted using one-day cross-sectional surveys at five public hospitals in Southern Province, Sri Lanka from Jun-August 2017. Inpatients’ medical records were reviewed for clinical data including antimicrobials prescribed. Inappropriate antimicrobial use was identified as (1) antimicrobial use discordant with guidelines by the Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists (SLCM), and (2) redundant combinations of antimicrobials. Results Of 1,709 surveyed patients, 935 (54.7%) received antimicrobials, of whom 779 (83.3%) had a specified or inferred indication for antimicrobial use. Among patients with an indication for antimicrobial use, SSTI was the second leading indication (181 patients, 23.2%) after lower respiratory tract infection (194, 24.9%). One-third (62, 34.2%) of patients with SSTI had a history of diabetes. Commonly used antimicrobials for SSTI included amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (40.3%), extended-spectrum penicillins (24.9%), and metronidazole (22.1%). inappropriate antimicrobial use was observed in 53.0% of SSTI patients, with redundant antibiotic therapy in 35.9% and antimicrobials discordant with SLCM guidelines in 32.6%. Conclusion SSTI was a common reason for antimicrobial use among inpatients in Sri Lanka, with more than half of patients receiving potentially inappropriate antimicrobial therapy. We identified targets for future antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Point-prevalence study of antimicrobial use in public hospitals in southern Sri Lanka identifies opportunities for improving prescribing practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianchen Sheng ◽  
Gaya B. Wijayaratne ◽  
Thushani M. Dabrera ◽  
Richard J. Drew ◽  
Ajith Nagahawatte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Inappropriate Therapy ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Point Prevalence Study ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Medical Wards

AbstractA point-prevalence study of antimicrobial use among inpatients at 5 public hospitals in Sri Lanka revealed that 54.6% were receiving antimicrobials: 43.1% in medical wards, 68.0% in surgical wards, and 97.6% in intensive care wards. Amoxicillin-clavulanate was most commonly used for major indications. Among patients receiving antimicrobials, 31.0% received potentially inappropriate therapy.

scholarly journals Infertility and associated factors in three hospitals in Douala, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1985-95
Author(s):  
Thomas Obinchemti Egbe ◽  
Charmaine Ngo Mbaki ◽  
Nicholas Tendongfor ◽  
Elvis Temfack ◽  
Eugene Belley-Priso
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection ◽  
History Of

Aim: We determined the prevalence and factors associated with couple infertility in three hospitals in Douala, Cameroon. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from December 18th 2015 to March 18th 2016 in three public hospitals in Douala. Three hundred and sixty participants were studied prospectively for associated fac- tors using a multivariate logistic regression model and 4732 files were studied retrospectively for the prevalence of infertility. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of couple infertility was 19.2%. In logistic models, the factors which independently increased the risk of couple infertility were a history of reproductive tract infection/STI, a history of uterine fibroids, a history of dys- menorrhea and abortion for the females while for males it was a history of mumps, erectile dysfunction and exposure to chemicals/toxic substances/pesticides. Conclusion: One in every five couples in this study was infertile. Several factors affect the risks associated with couple in- fertility. The identification of these factors could help detect subgroups of couples at high risk of infertility. Reproductive health education, screening programmes for STI’s that may lead to infertility should be offered to couples. Keywords: Couple infertility; prevalence; associated factors; Douala; Cameroon.

Soft Tissue Infections

2019 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Sumer N. Shikhare ◽  
Wilfred C. G. Peh
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

Chapter 88 outlines the key radiologic features of soft tissue infections and the diagnostic value of the different imaging modalities such as conventional radiography, US, CT, and MRI. Soft tissue infections present in various forms that involve varying depths from skin to deeper tissues. Early diagnosis may be challenging because of nonspecific clinical presentations, resulting in delay in management. The advent of cross-sectional imaging has improved diagnostic capabilities dramatically, with US, CT, and particularly MRI being the pillars of evaluation. Prompt and appropriate imaging workup of the various MSK soft tissue infections aids early diagnosis and in demonstrating the extent of the disease process, as treatment delay significantly reduces the cure rate and increases the risk of complications.

scholarly journals Implications for Biologic Therapy:Staphylococcus aureusDecolonization of Individuals With a History of Recurrent Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections

2013 ◽  
Vol 149 (8) ◽  
pp. 986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Ku ◽  
Kevin L. Winthrop ◽  
Cara D. Varley ◽  
Annika Sullivan ◽  
Benjamin D. Ehst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Multifocal Keloids Associated with Mycobacterium fortuitum following Intralesional Steroid Therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 127-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailesh Kumar ◽  
Noyal Mariya Joseph ◽  
Joshy M Easow ◽  
Sivaraman Umadevi
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Steroid Injection ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Intralesional Steroid ◽  
Intralesional Steroid Injection ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

ABSTRACTWe report a case of subcutaneous abscess formation with Mycobacterium fortuitum following intralesional steroid injection into multifocal keloids. A high index of suspicion of atypical mycobacteria infection is needed in patients with a history of skin and soft tissue infections, in particular late-onset infections, which are negative for routine bacterial cultures and without a clinical response to antibiotics used for acute pyogenic infections.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Study of Epidemiological Determinants of Substance Abuse among Male Substance Abusers Attending a De-Addiction Centre in Bangalore City

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (29) ◽  
pp. 2572-2577
Author(s):  
Sumanth Tarikere Parameshwaraiah ◽  
Vishnuvardhan Gopalkrishna ◽  
Vidhyavathi Malyam ◽  
Asha Chandahalli Sannappa ◽  
Amulya Bhaskara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

BACKGROUND Substance abuse is a cause of deaths, global burden of disease and injury. Increasing trends of underage substance abuse have shown to be associated with future substance dependency. Understanding various factors associated with it will help mitigate the severity and extent of use. In this study, we wanted to find out the pattern of substance abuse in patients at a de-addiction centre in Bangalore. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 male patients admitted to a deaddiction centre in Bangalore. Information was collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaire forms and the collected data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) v 16.0 software. RESULTS The majority of the participants abused alcohol (92.4 %) and nicotine (74.2 %). 40.5 % of the participants initiated alcohol abuse in age groups of 12 – 18 (Years). Peer pressure (40.4 %) and curiosity (19 %) were observed as the most common reason for substance abuse. The common reason to seek de-addiction services was family pressure (22.4 %), physical health problems (14.2 %), family responsibility (12.4 %) fear of being a social outcast in the community (12 %) and psychiatric problems (10.6 %). Among the participants, 39.4 % had a family history of substance abuse and 41 % had a history of psychiatric illness. 47.4 % reported a history of child abuse. CONCLUSIONS Most participants initiated abuse before age of 25 mainly due to peer pressure. Proper enforcement of rules concerning under-aged substance abuse, proper peer and familial support, addressing concerns of psychiatric comorbidity and child abuse can decrease the chances of future dependency and thus lessen the burden of the problem. KEYWORDS De-Addiction Centre, Under-Aged Substance Abuse, Family History, Psychiatric Illness

scholarly journals Practice of Eye Checks among Medical Doctors in South-East Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna ◽  
Akunne Ijeoma Apakama ◽  
Miriam-Benigna Chika Amobi ◽  
Emeka Akujuobi Chianakwalam ◽  
Chuka Michael Okosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
History Of

Visual impairment greatly affects one’s quality of life. The number of persons with visual impairment and blindness in the world is on the increase. Eye screening allows for early detection of sight-threatening diseases and timely intervention could be sight-saving.  Aim: To determine the practice of eye checks and identify the factors that affect periodic eye checks among medical doctors in south-east Nigeria. Methodology: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among practicing medical doctors in private and public hospitals in Anambra State Nigeria, using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Information obtained from the participants included the sociodemographics data, type and duration of practice, presence of any medical and/or ocular condition, family history of eye diseases, history of use of spectacles, practice of eye check and interval of eye check, factors affecting the practice of eye check, and ways of promoting regular eye check. Data obtained were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23. Statistical significance was set at p˂0.05.  Results: One hundred and eighty-seven practicing  medical doctors were interviewed. There were 123 (65.8%) males and 64 (34.2%) females. Their ages ranged from 24 to 80 years, with a mean age of 44.81 ± 12.73 years. The mean duration of professional practice was 18.16 ± 11.9 years. Majority, 124 (66.3%) works in government-owned hospitals. Among the study participants, 93(49.7%) doctors had been diagnosed with different ocular diseases; 99(52.9%) had a family history of ocular problems; 94(50.3%) had used prescription lenses; and 51(27.3%) had medical conditions. One hundred and twelve (59.9%) had undergone at least  eye examinations once, of which 54(48.2%) had their last eye examination over 5 years ago. The prevalence of eye check was 59.9% (95%CI: 52.9 – 66.9%). Eye checks were significantly associated with medical practice of over 20 years (P=0.030), working in a private practice (P=0.001), having eye diseases such as cataract (P=0.006), refractive error (P˂0.001), presbyopia (P˂0.001), and use of prescription spectacles (P˂0.001). ‘Belief of not having eye problems’ and ‘No time’ which accounted for 58.7% and 24.0% respectively were the commonest reasons for not regularly  having eye examinations.  Conclusion: Poor attitude to periodic eye examinations was seen in medical doctors in south east Nigeria. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among patients with dental disease attending outpatient department in Addis Ababa public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a multicenter cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekele Seifu ◽  
Niguse Yigzaw ◽  
Kibrom Haile ◽  
Zahira Reshid ◽  
Henock Asfaw
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Dental Disease ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Anxiety and depression are widespread mental health problems in many populations. These problems can be major barriers to dental care and may be led to poor oral health. Objectives To assess prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among patients with dental disease in Addis Ababa public hospitals outpatient department, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods An institution based cross sectional study was conducted from May 06 to June 06, 2019 among patients with dental disease attending outpatient department in Addis Ababa city administration public hospitals. Multistage sampling method was used to select study participants. Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale was used to assess anxiety and depression. Face to face interview was used to collect data and the collected data was entered into EPI data version 3.1 and analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package Software for Social Sciences) version 20. Bi-variable and multivariable binary logistic regression was carried out. Strength of association was determined using odds ratio with 95% CI (Confidence Interval) and p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant association in the final model. Results From the total of 845 participants, 833 were studied with response rate of 98.6%. The median age of the respondent was 32 years with interquartile range (26–41 years). The prevalence of anxiety and depression were found to be 33.9% and 29.2% respectively. Being female [AOR (Adjusted Odds Ratio) 2.70 (95% CI 1.86, 3.89)], tooth extraction [AOR 3.24 (95% CI 2.11, 4.97)], history of repeat visit to dental clinic [AOR 3.21 (95% CI 2.25, 4.58)], chronic disease [AOR 2.95 (95% CI 1.98, 4.38)] and current alcohol use [AOR 3.40 (95% CI 2.28, 5.09)] were significantly associated with anxiety among patients with dental disease. Being female [AOR 2.22 (95% CI 1.53, 3.23)], Elementary educational status [AOR 2.15 (95% CI 1.28, 3.58)], periodontitis [AOR 1.74 (95% CI 1.18, 2.72)],history of repeated visit to dental clinic [AOR 4.07 (95% CI 2.84, 5.84)], current use of alcohol [AOR 4.01 (95% CI 2.68, 6.00)], current cigarette use [AOR 3.15 (95% CI 1.42, 7.00] and irregular tooth brushing [AOR 2.22 (95% CI 1.53, 3.23]were significantly associated with depression among patients with dental disease. Conclusion Anxiety and depression were high among people with dental disease. Tooth extraction and having chronic disease were significantly associated with anxiety. Elementary educational status, periodontitis, current cigarette smoking and irregular tooth brushing pattern were significant association with depression. History of repeat visit to dental clinic, current alcohol use and female sex were significantly associated with both depression and anxiety. Based on the finding of this study early screening and treating of anxiety and depression, also identifying those associated factors are important at dental clinic.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE FREQUENCY OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE IN DENTISTRY STUDENTS OF AHVAZ JUNDISHAPUR UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN SOUTHWEST OF IRAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Abdolreza Gilavand ◽  
Mohammad Shooriabi ◽  
Mehrnoosh Malakootian
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Patient Discharge ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

 Objective: In spite of great developments in infection control during recent years, many problems are still seen at the level of faculties, private, and public hospitals. Therefore, this research was carried out to evaluate the frequency of occupational exposure in dentistry students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Southwest of Iran.Methods: This study was conducted using a descriptive and cross-sectional method in 2016. The population of the study included all the 124 dentistry students graduated from Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), southwest of Iran, who started their clinical education. The data were collected through a researcher-developed questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS 22 software.Results: A total of 84 (67.7%) of the participants were male and 40 (23.3%) were female. Of all the participants, 54.8% of the students had no occupational exposure, 17.9% had needle stick experience, 17.9% of them had splash exposure, and 8.9% had a history of exposure to both needlestick acid and patient discharge. In the current research, no significant relationship was found between job exposure and age, gender, and marital status (p<0.05). However, a significant relationship was found between occupational exposure, year of admission to university, academic semester, and educational environment (p<0.05).Conclusion: Given the relatively high prevalence of occupational exposure in students, the development of prevention and exposure to occupational protocols and requiring students to comply with these protocols in clinical dentistry environments is recommended.

Characterizing Husbandry Risk Factors Associated with Metastatic Soft Tissue Mineralization in Zoo-Housed Komodo Dragons (Varanus komodoensis) in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Zimmerman ◽  
Jennifer H. Yu ◽  
Willem Schaftenaar ◽  
Laura Debnar ◽  
Drury Reavill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Univariate Analyses

Metastatic soft tissue mineralization has emerged as a major cause of death in captive Komodo dragons ( Varanus komodoensis ). A cross-sectional survey-based study was performed to evaluate husbandry-related risk factors for metastatic mineralization in zoo-housed Komodo dragons in the United States. Nineteen institutions participated, nine of which (47.4%) had a history of metastatic mineralization within their collections. Husbandry at participating institutions varied in temperature gradients, outdoor exposure, artificial lighting, and diet items offered. Differences in husbandry were tested between institutions with and without a history of mineralization using univariate analyses, and variables resulting in a significance level ≤0.10 were entered into a multinomial logistic regression model. The only variable demonstrating a significant difference during univariate analyses was the number of dragons per enclosure ( p =0.036), while the only significant predictive variable after modeling was humidity approximation. Zoos that approximated rather than measured humidity were 12.0 times as likely to have a history of mineralization in their Komodo dragons (OR 12.0, p =0.045). These variables likely reflect the under- or overestimation of exhibit humidity levels, and the tendency to house males and females together. Based on post-mortem findings for 27 dragon mortalities from these institutions, the presence of mineralization at necropsy was significantly associated with female dragons (OR 18.2, p =0.0044) and yolk coelomitis or embolism (OR 6.76, p =0.046). Although this study did not identify definitive links between husbandry and the prevalence of mineralization at the institutional level, the survey revealed high variation in husbandry conditions, and potential

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