Pornography and Human Trafficking

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Emily F. Rothman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Definition Of

Human trafficking is an insidious public health problem that may be worsened by the constant demand for new pornography, but sex workers’ rights—including the rights of pornography performers—are not always served by anti-trafficking efforts. This chapter provides a definition of human trafficking, reviews three main arguments about how pornography may influence human trafficking, and encourages public health professionals to value anecdotal information from both sex workers’ rights advocates and human trafficking survivors to move toward better science and evidence-informed decision-making.

scholarly journals The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools: Supporting evidence-informed decision making

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Howarth ◽  
S Neil-Sztramko ◽  
M Dobbins
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Informed Decision ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
The World

Abstract Background Public health continuously evolves to address an uncertain future, and public health professionals must effectively and efficiently adapt to changes. Evidence-informed decision making (EIDM) is one way to adapt to change. The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT) provides high quality resources, training and mentorship to support the EIDM process through both in-person and distance-based formats. Freely accessible resources including online training opportunities can help public health professionals globally put evidence into practice and be ready to respond to change. Objectives The NCCMT's work is driven by the belief that everyone deserves optimal health and well-being and this can be achieved by using the best available evidence in practice. Our training and education resources include thirteen online learning modules, an EIDM skills assessment, video series, a rapid review guidebook and regular webinars, amongst others. These resources are self-paced and they can be accessed when and where it is most convenient for public health professionals. Results The NCCMT's resources are highly accessed, with over 320, 000 visits to the NCCMT website from around the world from April 2018-March 2019. There were also over 42,000 downloads of knowledge products in the same time period. The NCCMT's resources have been integrated into public health organizations and curriculum in public health postsecondary programs in Canada. We are continuously evolving by engaging our users. We will be launching an updated version of our Learning Centre in April 2020. Conclusions The NCCMT houses useful resources for all public health professionals to learn about finding, understanding, and using evidence. Public health professionals from around the world have used the NCCMT's educational resources to put evidence into practice. The NCCMT is committed to working with global organizations to support them to achieve their EIDM goals. Key messages The NCCMT supports public health professionals to use the best available evidence in practice. The NCCMT offers high quality resources, training and mentorship to public health professionals.

Assessing the Electronic Evidence System Needs of Canadian Public Health Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bandna Dhaliwal ◽  
Sarah E Neil-Sztramko ◽  
Nikita Boston-Fisher ◽  
David L Buckeridge ◽  
Maureen Dobbins
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Informed Decision ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Host Institution ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Electronic Evidence ◽  
Public Health Professionals

BACKGROUND True evidence-informed decision making in public health relies on incorporating evidence from a number of sources in addition to traditional scientific evidence. Lack of access to these types of data, as well as ease of use and interpretability of scientific evidence contribute to limited uptake of evidence-informed decision making in practice. An electronic evidence system that includes multiple sources of evidence and potentially novel computational processing approaches or artificial intelligence holds promise as a solution to overcoming barriers to evidence-informed decision making in public health. OBJECTIVE To understand the needs and preferences for an electronic evidence system among public health professionals in Canada. METHODS An invitation to participate in an anonymous online survey was distributed via listservs of two Canadian public health organizations. Eligible participants were English or French speaking individuals currently working in public health. The survey contained both multiple choice and open-ended questions about needs and preferences relevant to an electronic evidence system. Quantitative responses were analyzed to explore differences by public health role. Inductive and deductive analysis methods were used to code and interpret the qualitative data. Ethics review was not required by the host institution. RESULTS Respondents (n = 371) were heterogeneous, spanning organizations, positions, and areas of practice within public health. Nearly all (98.0%) respondents indicated that an electronic evidence system would support their work. Respondents had high preferences for local contextual data, research and intervention evidence, and information about human and financial resources. Qualitative analyses identified a number of concerns, needs, and suggestions for development of such a system. Concerns ranged from personal use of such a system, to the ability of their organization to use such a system. Identified needs spanned the different sources of evidence including local context, research and intervention evidence, and resources and tools. Additional suggestions were identified to improve system usability. CONCLUSIONS Canadian public health professionals have positive perceptions towards an electronic evidence system that would bring together evidence from the local context, scientific research, and resources. Elements were also identified to increase the usability of an electronic evidence system.

Using theory of change to assess impact of knowledge translation initiatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Howarth ◽  
S Neil-Sztramko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Informed Decision ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Public Health Professionals

Abstract Issue The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT) offers high quality supports to public health professionals on evidence-informed decision making (EIDM). We developed a theory of change evaluation framework to guide evaluations of our programs and services to ensure that the NCCMT's resources and training continue to be high quality and meet the needs of public health professionals globally. Description of the Problem Our objective was to develop an evaluation framework that illustrates our reach, quality, and impact. The NCCMT contracted an external program evaluation expert to assist in developing a revised framework to better capture these aspects. An inductive approach was used to identify evaluation themes through internal document review, and a review of applicable program evaluation literature. Results A revised evaluation framework, influenced by theory of change, was developed and is being implemented at the NCCMT. The theory of change visualizes how the NCCMT influences EIDM and public health practice through four stages that progress from creation of products and services, to knowledge and awareness, to engagement and capacity development, and finally to policy and practice changes embedded within organizational structures. Specific outcome indicators include: public health professionals' confidence, knowledge, and skills; improved public health programs; organizational support for evidence-informed decision making; and workforce engagement and competence. Lessons This innovative evaluation framework informed by a theory of change resulted in significant streamlining of the centre's evaluation activities, and has provided clearer direction with respect to the purpose of evaluation, as well as enhanced ability to capture the centre's reach, quality and impact. The lessons of the importance of using theory of change to underpin evaluation activities can be applied to other public health organizations globally. Key messages Applying an evaluation framework supports effective and efficient programming. The evaluation framework demonstrates the NCCMT’s impact and reach in public health.

Defining Priorities for Action and Research on the Commercial Determinants of Health: A Conceptual Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 2202-2211
Author(s):  
Nicholas Freudenberg ◽  
Kelley Lee ◽  
Kent Buse ◽  
Jeff Collin ◽  
Eric Crosbie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Health Action ◽  
Definition Of

In recent years, the concept of commercial determinants of health (CDoH) has attracted scholarly, public policy, and activist interest. To date, however, this new attention has failed to yield a clear and consistent definition, well-defined metrics for quantifying its impact, or coherent directions for research and intervention. By tracing the origins of this concept over 2 centuries of interactions between market forces and public health action and research, we propose an expanded framework and definition of CDoH. This conceptualization enables public health professionals and researchers to more fully realize the potential of the CDoH concept to yield insights that can be used to improve global and national health and reduce the stark health inequities within and between nations. It also widens the utility of CDoH from its main current use to study noncommunicable diseases to other health conditions such as infectious diseases, mental health conditions, injuries, and exposure to environmental threats. We suggest specific actions that public health professionals can take to transform the burgeoning interest in CDoH into meaningful improvements in health. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(12):2202–2211. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306491 )

The New Antialcohol Network

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-146
Author(s):  
Anna L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Alcohol Problem ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Definition Of

In the mid-2000s a new small but influential anti-alcohol movement emerged: an alliance of key members of a civil society elite including the Russian Orthodox Church, Public Chamber and public health professionals. Chapter 11 shows how this new elite was able to seize cultural authority over the definition of the “alcohol problem”, and thus set the anti-alcohol agenda where previous attempts by public health lobbyists had failed.

Population Health Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
Mark E. Frisse ◽  
Karl E. Misulis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Fee For Service ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Service Models

As systems become more capable of transmitting and aggregating data, new analytic methods promise both a deeper understanding of population needs and new ways of bringing actionable data to the point of care. These techniques will be critical as payment for care migrates from fee-for-service models to episodic and risk-based bundles. The growing integration of data measuring social determinants will help both delivery and public health professionals gain new insights into richer, more meaningful, and more effective means of care. The combination of new data, new analytics, and technologies capable of penetrating to every point of decision-making promise to foster innovative and meaningful approaches to patient care.

What Do Schools of Public Health Have to Say About Diversity and Inclusion?

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Yesenia Merino
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Schools Of Public Health ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Inclusion Methods

Objective. The purpose of this study was to understand how schools of public health (SPHs) define and operationalize diversity and inclusion. Methods. Data were collected in February 2017 from publicly available websites for each of the 59 Council on Education in Public Health–accredited SPHs, including mission/vision, goals/strategic plans, and diversity statements. Mentions of diversity were quantified to generate the proportion of SPHs that explicitly address diversity or inclusion. As a related secondary point, mentions of equity were also considered. Results. One third of SPHs do not mention diversity, inclusion, or equity as central tenets of the school. Twenty percent do not mention strategic plans or goals related to diversity, inclusion, or equity. Only 12 of the 59 schools define what they mean by diversity. Conclusions. Recently released Council on Education in Public Health accreditation competencies point to a need for increased attention by SPHs to inclusion and equity. Currently, however, most SPHs do not have a clear definition of how they define diversity. Implications. Additional research is needed into how SPHs will evolve their conceptualizations of diversity, inclusion, and equity to meet the training needs of the next generation of public health professionals.

State of the art in managing nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. E22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Dubourg ◽  
Mahmoud Messerer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Management Decision Making

Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage constitutes a major public health problem worldwide. Intracerebral hemorrhage leads to a high rate of morbidity and mortality. To date, no medical or surgical trials have clearly attested to the benefit of a particular therapy. The aim of this review was to summarize the best evidence for management decision-making in intracerebral hemorrhage.

scholarly journals HPV with genital pathogens and antibiotics resistance genes among female sex worker

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sessi Frida Appoline Tovo ◽  
Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon ◽  
Amana Metuor Dabire ◽  
Régine Ilboudo ◽  
Rahimatou Yasmine Tiemtoré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Genital Infections ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Context: Genital infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) remain a real public health problem in the world predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to determine co-infection of HPV, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG); Chlamydia trachomatis (CT); Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) among female sex workers in West Africa and to search antibiotics resistance genes. This study could serve as a support for the management of patients infected. Methods: The study took place in Ouagadougou in July 2019 and from June to July 2020. It was a cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical aims. A total of 182 samples from sex workers of West and Central African origins, were analyzed by real-time PCR and resistance genes by classical PCR after DNA extraction. Data were entered and analyzed using the IBM SPSS software in its 21 version and Epi Info 6. Tables and figures were produced using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 and Microsoft Excel 2007. Chi-square and fischer tests were used for comparisons Epi info version 7. with a significant difference for p ˂ 0.05. Results: These women, who came from nine different countries, were aged 17–50 years with an average age of 27.12 ± 6.09 years and had an average of 415.9 ± 75.2 sexual partners per year. HPV and vaginosis co-infection (NG, CT, MG and TV) was 85%. The prevalence of bacteria was: NG 13.74%, CT 11.54% and MG 11.54%. Among the HPV co-infections the most common were HPV/NG (15%), HPV/MG (12%), and HPV/CT (8%). %). The antibiotic resistance genes identified are: bla QNR B 24%, bla GES 22%, bla SHV 17%, bla CTX−M 13%; bla QNR S 1%. Conclusions: This study showed that the majority of sex workers of West and Central African origin working in Ouagadougou were infected with multiple STIs. This confirms that the presence of genital infections and STIs remains a real public health problem. The scale of these infections and the detection of associated resistance genes require increased surveillance of the molecular epidemiology of these pathogens.

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