Energy and Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-206
Author(s):  
Kenneth P. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Energy And Environment

This chapter examines the deep Texas-California divide over energy and environmental policies. The modern Texas economy was built on energy, and the state remains the nation’s leading producer. The state’s development of fracking has revolutionized the oil and gas industry and has helped the nation break its dependence on foreign oil. Texas has also increased its production of renewable energy, but believes the global economy will rely for the foreseeable future on fossil fuels and resists restrictions on these resources. California, by contrast, has become a global leader in the fight against climate change. It has aggressively regulated carbon emissions and mandated a massive switch to renewable energy sources. California is the only state that can impose emissions regulations more strict than federal standards. As power has shifted in Washington, California has alternated between translating its environmental policies into federal law and defending its policies from federal challenge.

scholarly journals RISK OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-419
Author(s):  
L. K. Babicheva ◽  
E. V. Neprintseva ◽  
S. A. Shubin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The global climate problem of climate warming has led to the active development of renewable energy almost all over the world. Many European countries and international corporations are already striving for carbon neutrality.This article analyzes the current trends in the development of the renewable energy sources industry in the world and in Russia, assesses the applicability of renewable energy sources in the oil and gas industry and the impact of the coronavirus crisis on the perspectives for renewable energy. The analysis of the indicators of the volumes of commissioning of generating capacities for 2020 is given, the obstacles encountered in the development of the industry due to the unstable global situation are considered.The article also discusses investment in renewable energy by oil and gas companies and their transformation under the influence of the renewable energy sector, as well as the participation of Russian companies in this transformation and their long-term prospects in relation to renewable energy.

Financing Renewable Energy in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanko Marcius de Alencar Xavier ◽  
Anderson Souza da Silva Lanzillo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Gas Industry

This chapter analyses Brazilian public policy on financing renewable energy to address climate change. Conditions in Brazil favour adoption of an increasingly clean energy matrix: with significant innovation in energy policy and technology much of the country’s energy production now comes from renewable sources. The chapter examines the National Policy on Climate Change (Federal Law no. 12.187/2009), the National Fund for Climate Change (Federal Law no. 12.114/2009). Yet, energy for Brazil’s transportation system remains largely fossil fuel-based, and the oil and gas industry is economically important. The chapter discusses the intergration of renewable energy into climate change policy and adoption of climate policy in energy legislation, together with measures such as taxation that support renewable energy. The chapter examines the oil and gas industry economic crisis and the ramifications for financing renewable energy given historic reliance on the fossil fuel sector to fund innovations in renewable energy technologies.

scholarly journals REDUÇÃO DE CO2 EM HIDROCARBONETOS E OXIGENADOS: FUNDAMENTOS, ESTRATÉGIAS E DESAFIOS

Química Nova ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gelson Silva ◽  
Osmando Lopes ◽  
Eduardo Dias ◽  
Juliana Torres ◽  
André Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Slow Kinetics

CO2 REDUCTION TO HYDROCARBONS AND OXYGENATES: FUNDAMENTALS, STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES. The development of renewable energy sources (e.g., solar and wind) moves foward, the tendance for replacing fossil fuels increases. However, these technologies have as primary barriers to industrial processes’ efficiency and especially storage. Thus, CO2 reduction routes using these energy sources could chemically store part of the energy as fuels or chemicals, offering alternatives to current oil and gas industry. This process is inspired by photosynthesis, e.g., photochemical or electrochemical processes, using homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts. Nevertheless, this reaction is thermodynamically unfavorable and has very slow kinetics, given the high stability of the CO2 molecule and the complexity of the redox reactions involved. Therefore, this review addresses this process’s kinetic and thermodynamic challenges, and the fundamental concepts of the photo(electro)chemical processes for CO2 reduction, besides presenting and discussing the materials with the potential to act as catalysts. The main reaction mechanisms and advances in the understanding of such processes are discussed, as well as future perspectives

scholarly journals Post COVID-19 Recovery and 2050 Climate Change Targets: Changing the Emphasis from Promotion of Renewables to Mandated Curtailment of Fossil Fuels in the EU Policies

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1347
Author(s):  
Kyriakos Maniatis ◽  
David Chiaramonti ◽  
Eric van den Heuvel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
The European Union

The present work considers the dramatic changes the COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the global economy, with particular emphasis on energy. Focusing on the European Union, the article discusses the opportunities policy makers can implement to reduce the climate impacts and achieve the Paris Agreement 2050 targets. The analysis specifically looks at the fossil fuels industry and the future of the fossil sector post COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis first revises the fossil fuel sector, and then considers the need for a shift of the global climate change policy from promoting the deployment of renewable energy sources to curtailing the use of fossil fuels. This will be a change to the current global approach, from a relative passive one to a strategically dynamic and proactive one. Such a curtailment should be based on actual volumes of fossil fuels used and not on percentages. Finally, conclusions are preliminary applied to the European Union policies for net zero by 2050 based on a two-fold strategy: continuing and reinforcing the implementation of the Renewable Energy Directive to 2035, while adopting a new directive for fixed and over time increasing curtailment of fossils as of 2025 until 2050.

Mining the air: Political ecologies of the circular carbon economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 251484862110614
Author(s):  
Holly Jean Buck
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fossil Carbon ◽  
Political Ecologies ◽  
Carbon Economy

Can fossil-based fuels become carbon neutral or carbon negative? The oil and gas industry is facing pressure to decarbonize, and new technologies are allowing companies and experts to imagine lower-carbon fossil fuels as part of a circular carbon economy. This paper draws on interviews with experts, ethnographic observations at carbontech and carbon management events, and interviews with members of the public along a suggested CO2 pipeline route from Iowa to Texas, to explore: What is driving the sociotechnical imaginary of circular fossil carbon among experts, and what are its prospects? How do people living in the landscapes that are expected to provide carbon utilization and removal services understand their desirability and workability? First, the paper examines a contradiction in views of carbon professionals: while experts understand the scale of infrastructure, energy, and capital required to build a circular carbon economy, they face constraints in advocating for policies commensurate with this scale, though they have developed strategies for managing this disconnect. Second, the paper describes views from the land in the central US, surfacing questions about the sustainability of new technologies, the prospect of carbon dioxide pipelines, and the way circular carbon industries could intersect trends of decline in small rural towns. Experts often fail to consider local priorities and expertise, and people in working landscapes may not see the priorities and plans of experts, constituting a “double unseeing.” Robust energy democracy involves not just resistance to dominant imaginaries of circular carbon, but articulation of alternatives. New forms of expert and community collaboration will be key to transcending this double unseeing and furthering energy democracy.

Submerged Production Unit: Design and Method for Launch and Tow to Field

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesan Arumugam Elumalai ◽  
Sigbjørn Daasvatn ◽  
Daniel Karunakaran ◽  
Kjell Larsen ◽  
Bernt Johan Leira
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Production Unit ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Heavy Lift ◽  
Master's Thesis

Abstract The requirement for fossil fuels expedites for an advancement in the existing subsea technology. The developments evolved as the search for hydrocarbons moved from onshore to offshore, followed by a transition from shallow to deep and ultra-deep waters. Another huge milestone was achieved, when production systems made a transition from topsides to subsea units for efficiency. Currently, there is an enormous drive to minimize the operational costs involved in the processing of hydro-carbons. Researches are underway towards what would be yet another significant feat in the oil and gas industry, which is by moving the processing systems to subsea. One such impressive concept, which is being developed, is the Submerged Production Unit (SPU). This study is an initial attempt to investigate the challenges associated with the SPU focusing on the factors influencing design, launching and towing. A design concept that goes back and forth from performance and design spaces was used in modelling the SPU, solving the complexity that revolved around assembling the hollow Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) beams with subsea buoyancy materials. Submerged Tow Method (STM), an adaptation of Controlled Depth Tow Method (CDTM) was used instead of the conventional way of lifting the equipment using cranes of heavy lift vessels or construction vessels on site during deployment considering cost and safety. OrcaFlex software was used for towing analysis. End force in global X direction on towline, obtained from static analysis was used to identify the Bollard Pull (BP) required for towing the SPU. Dynamic analysis was performed for different environmental conditions to identify the maximum effective tension on the towline. BP requirement of 100t was estimated from the towing analysis. This study was carried out by author as a master’s thesis [1].

Offshore Oil Spill Incidents: Creating a Database in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Patricia Maggi ◽  
Cláudia do Rosário Vaz Morgado ◽  
João Carlos Nóbrega de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Offshore Oil

ABSTRACT Brazil has performed an important role in the oil and gas industry mainly because its offshore E&P activities. The volume of oil produced in offshore fields had increased 88% in the last decade and correspond to more than 90% of national production. The maritime Exploration and Production (E&P) operations in Brazil started in the middle of the 1970's. In 1981 a law was promulgated to establish a compulsory environmental permit to many activities, including oil and gas exploration and production activities. Although this regulation has existed for over 25 years, only in 1999 was it effectively brought into force to the E&P sector, with the creation of the oil and gas specialized office integrated to the Intituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis – IBAMA (Brazilian Federal Environmental Agency). On January 2000 Brazil faced one its worst oil spills, in Guanabara Bay. A broken pipeline owned and operated by Petrobras spilt 1300 tone of bunker fuel into Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro. At that time, Brazil had no clear environmental scenario regarding the oil industry in Brazil: uncoordinated environmental regulations, debilitated environmental agencies and a relapse industry took part in the scenario. As a result of the repercussion of the disaster, in the same year was enacted the Federal Law 9966/2000, the so called “Oil Law”, on the prevention, control and inspection of pollution caused by the releasing of oil and other harmful substances in waters under national jurisdiction. The provisions of the Law 9966 included, among other things, the requirement for the notification to the competent environmental authority, the maritime authority and the oil regulating agency, of any incident which might cause water pollution. Although IBAMA receives the oil spill communications since 2001, only in 2010 the Agency began to include this information in a database. This paper discusses the offshore oil spill data received between 2010 and 2012.

Oil firms will gradually adjust to a new price normal

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Portfolio Investment ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Pricing

Subject ‘New normal’ for oil pricing. Significance Since 2008, commentators have frequently applied the phrase ‘new normal’ to the changing market and trading conditions that enterprises find themselves in. The oil and gas industry is no different. More than two years after the sharp drop in oil prices in 2014 and despite the recent OPEC-non-OPEC output cuts, oil is now in a potential new normal regarding price. While oil is often used as a proxy for the industry, this new normal impacts the whole fossil fuels sector. Impacts Portfolio investment decisions have demonstrated capital discipline but must find more ways of achieving a return at 50 dollars per barrel Technology will support the transition, but firms must put in place credible procedures to deal with the threat of cyber attacks The uncertain geopolitical backdrop makes it more difficult, but the sector needs to find a credible response to the COP21 Paris agreement

The natural gas industry: equipment, materials, and corrosion

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Valdez ◽  
Michael Schorr ◽  
Jose M. Bastidas
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Municipal Networks ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
The Usa

AbstractCorrosion is a crucial worldwide problem that strongly affects the oil and gas industry. Natural gas (NG) is a source of energy used in industrial, residential, commercial, and electric applications. The abundance of NG in many countries augurs a profitable situation for the vast energy industry. NG is considered friendlier to the environment and has lesser greenhouse gas emissions compared with other fossil fuels. In the last years, shale gas is increasingly exploited in the USA and in Europe, using a hydraulic fracturing (fracking) technique for releasing gas from the bedrock by injection of saline water, acidic chemicals, and sand to the wells. Various critical sectors of the NG industry infrastructure suffer from several types of corrosion: steel casings of production wells and their drilling equipment, gas-conveying pipelines including pumps and valves, plants for regasification of liquefied NG, and municipal networks of NG distribution to the consumers. Practical technologies that minimize or prevent corrosion include selection of corrosion-resistant engineering materials, cathodic protection, use of corrosion inhibitors, and application of external and internal paints, coatings, and linings. Typical cases of corrosion management in the NG industry are presented based on the authors’ experience and knowledge.

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