Who Is Responsible for Abortions?

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-152
Author(s):  
Mie Nakachi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Reproductive Decisions ◽  
Illegal Abortion ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Political Problem ◽  
Legal Professions ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The falling birth rate in 1948 became a political problem, and all demographic data were made secret thereafter. V. N. Starovskii, the head of the Central Statistical Administration, suggested that the rising number of illegal abortions was the primary cause of the declining birth rate. Saddled with this allegation, the medical and legal professions undertook comprehensive study of both legal and illegal abortion, including a survey of illegal abortion, compiled through interviews with hundreds of women hospitalized after botched abortions. The results led to a shift in reformist focus from prosecution to prevention, and a new understanding of the causes underlying Soviet women’s reproductive decisions.

Flowers for the Doctor: Pro-Natalism and Abortion in Fascist Milan

Modern Italy ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry R. Willson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Illegal Abortion

SummaryThis article explores the reasons for the failure of the Fascist attempts to raise the Italian birth rate through an examination of the pro-natalist campaign in the great industrial and commercial city of Milan and its surrounding province. It then considers one of the specific ways in which the birth rate was kept down - illegal abortion - focusing in particular on the dramatic events surrounding the arrest of an illegal abortionist in the small textile town of Rho in 1928.

Falling Birth Rates and Rural Depopulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Barbara Bennett Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Rural Depopulation ◽  
The Village

Chapter five moves from ethnography at the village level to examine the demographics of declining fertility and rural depopulation plaguing many affluent nations. A failure of generational renewal threatens the well-being of individuals, communities and societies. With the story of a child who is the last child in his remote Italian village, the author illustrates the critical importance of children to each other and to their communities. After introducing demographic concepts such as birth rate and replacement rate, total fertility rate and replacement rate fertility, the book discusses the low birth rate crisis in Italy where the population is declining at an unsustainable rate. It examines factors affecting birth rates, including adolescent fertility rate, mother’s marital status, percentage of women in the workforce, and gendered division of domestic labour. In comparison with Italy, US birth rates have been relatively robust; however, after the Great Recession US birth rates declined steadily and are now well below replacement rate. The chapter closes with discussion of the interplay between politics and demographics, including rules on birth right citizenship, the role of immigration in rejuvenating populations, and the misuse of demographic data to fuel anti-immigrant, sectarian, and racial conflict.

Population Dynamics Among the Totos of West Bengal: A Positive Response to Culture Contact

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasish Sinha ◽  
Bikas Chandra Pal
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Culture Contact ◽  
Sex Structure

SummaryThe population structure of the Toto tribe at Totopara, a small village in West Bengal, District Jalpaiguri, was studied, for since 1951 the Totos have been coming more and more in contact with the outside world and undergoing a process of cultural and developmental change. Demographic data presented include the age-sex structure, marital status, fertility, birth rate, death rate and population growth trends in the pre-contact and contact era. At present the population shows a trend towards increase.

scholarly journals Clinical Characterization of Mucolipidoses II and III: A Multicenter Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taciane Alegra ◽  
Fernanda Sperb-Ludwig ◽  
Nicole Ruas Guarany ◽  
Erlane M. Ribeiro ◽  
Charles M. Lourenço ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Lysosomal Diseases ◽  
Comprehensive Study

AbstractMucolipidoses (MLs) II and III are rare lysosomal diseases caused by deficiency of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, and clinical manifestations are multisystemic. Clinical and demographic data from 1983 to 2013 were obtained retrospectively. Twenty-seven patients were included (ML II = 15, ML III α/beta = 9, ML III gamma = 3). The median age at diagnosis was 2.7 years. The predominant clinical presentations were skeletal symptoms. The ML II patients showed physical and cognitive impairment, while the ML III α/beta patients have more somatic abnormalities and usually were delayed in early development as compared with ML III gamma patients. This is the most comprehensive study exploring characteristics of Brazilian patients with MLs II and III.

scholarly journals Analiza matične knjige krštenih današnje župe Veljaci (1786. – 1808.)

Geoadria ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Ivan Madžar ◽  
Vladimir Pavičić
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This study examines demographic trends within the micro unit Veljaci in the municipality of Ljubuški. The sources of primary data were the oldest registers of births from the turn of the 19th century in the area encompassed in the parish Veljaci. The data were analysed using historical and demographic, microhistorical and comparative-historical methodological approach. The research goalis to present former demographic reality of this micro-space at the empire border describe its demographic indicators and their dynamics, especially those related to the birth rate, and pinpoint any trends that would indicate demographic trends of the surrounding area, that is, former parish Ljubuški as a whole. With limited research and analysis of data collected in heuristic procedures for a broader and more comprehensive study of Ljubuški population, we gained an insight into demographic reality of this area from the extreme periphery of the Ottoman Empire at the turn of the 19th century. Comparative-historical approach showed that the characteristics fit into the regularity established by various studies, of geographically closer, but also more remote areas. The analysis of the anthrophonymy corpus also proved similar facts. The analysis of the data from parish registers provided the first, preliminary insight into the demographic image of one section of Ljubuški, and we hope that further research of the entire micro-unit of Ljubuški will significantly complement it and at least partially reconstruct its entire demographic development.

scholarly journals Can economic stress affect secondary sex ratio in Poland?

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Żądzińska ◽  
Iwona Rosset ◽  
Czesław Domański ◽  
Bogusław Pawłowski ◽  
Artur Mikulec
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Secondary Sex Ratio ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

Can economic stress affect secondary sex ratio in Poland?The ratio of male to female births described as the male proportion is expected to be about 1.06. The secondary sex ratio can be influenced by various stresses experienced by parents (e.g., parents' exposure to chemical and physical pollution, natural phenomena, wars and economic crises). The seminal study in this field speculated that fewer goods and services than needed or desired might sufficiently stress human populations to lower the secondary sex ratio. The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between economic stress and the fluctuations of sex ratio at birth in Poland. The statistical analysis was based on annual demographic data obtained from year-books issued by the Central Statistical Office on the overall number of male and female live births in Poland in the years 1956-2005 as well as on the annual data of percentage change in total private consumption. In order to verify the hypothesis that the observed time-series of the secondary sex ratio in Poland declines with deterioration in economic conditions, we constructed mathematical models (ARIMA) of both analyzed phenomena following the statistical procedure proposed by Catalano and Bruckner [2005]. We found a statistically significant decline of SSR in Poland over the last 50 years. The decrease appeared to be stronger in villages than in towns. However, the consumption rate as related to the strength of economic stress had no effect on the fluctuation of the sex ratio at birth.

scholarly journals The Demographic Processes in the South of the RSFSR during the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-863
Author(s):  
E. F. Krinko ◽  
◽  
S. Ya. Suschiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Rostov Oblast ◽  
The South ◽  
Population Decrease ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
Natural Reproduction ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Astrakhan Oblast

This article explores demographical processes during the Great Patriotic War in the southern regions of the RSFSR: in the Krasnodar Krai and Ordzhonikidze (Stavropol) Krai, Rostov Oblast, Stalingrad Oblast, and Astrakhan Oblast. The study is based on published and archival documents from the Central Statistical Administration under the Council of Ministers of the USSR Fund in the Russian State Archive of Economics. Demographic dynamics in the southern regions of the RSFSR in 1941–1945 had common features with the main demographic trends elsewhere in the RSFSR and the USSR. This was a deterioration in indicators of natural reproduction in the second half of 1941–1942: a decrease in the birth rate and an increase in mortality, including that of children, and a decrease in natural growth in the first half of 1942. At the end of 1942 and the beginning of 1943, the main trends in demographic dynamics changed: the birth rate stabilized at an extremely low level, followed by slow growth, and mortality decreased markedly in comparison with 1942. Regions in the south of the RSFSR differed by more significant scales of population decrease and directly irretrievable losses. The reasons for this were not only the loss of mobilized cohorts, but also demographic consequences of evacuation and Nazi occupation. After occupation, the population of the southern Russian regions amounted to 60–70 % of the pre-war level.

scholarly journals Suicide Risk Factors among Polish Adults Aged 65 or Older in 2000–2018 Compared with Selected Countries Worldwide

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9921
Author(s):  
Witold Śmigielski ◽  
Karolina Małek ◽  
Tomasz Jurczyk ◽  
Karol Korczak ◽  
Robert Gajda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Depth Psychological ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Suicide Behaviour

The aim of this study was to determine the tendencies of change in suicide frequency among Polish adults aged 65 or older, recognize the importance of available socio-demographic data (age, sex, marital status, and education attainment level) and provide an in-depth psychological understanding of the obtained results. We analysed the influence of education and marital status on suicide risk in the Polish adult population aged 65 or older, which has not been previously presented in publications related to the Central Statistical Office or any other research. Our results indicated that male adults aged 65 or older that were single or divorced and with a lower education had a higher risk of death by suicide. In female adults aged 65 or older, those with higher education and who were divorced or married had a higher risk of fatal suicide behaviour meanwhile, single women and widows had a lower risk. The dominant method of suicide among Polish older adults was suicide by hanging, regardless of sex; female older adults were more likely to die by suicide by poisoning or jumping from a height, and male older adults were more likely to die by shooting with a firearm. Although data from recent years highlights a downward trend for suicide rates in Polish older adults, the problem cannot be considered solved.

Progress In The Practical Application Of Automated Image Analysis To Tem Negatives

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
F. A. Heckman ◽  
E. Redman ◽  
J.E. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Image Quality ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In our initial publication on this subject1) we reported results demonstrating that contrast is the most important factor in producing the high image quality required for reliable image analysis. We also listed the factors which enhance contrast in order of the experimentally determined magnitude of their effect. The two most powerful factors affecting image contrast attainable with sheet film are beam intensity and KV. At that time we had only qualitative evidence for the ranking of enhancing factors. Later we carried out the densitometric measurements which led to the results outlined below.Meaningful evaluations of the cause-effect relationships among the considerable number of variables in preparing EM negatives depend on doing things in a systematic way, varying only one parameter at a time. Unless otherwise noted, we adhered to the following procedure evolved during our comprehensive study:Philips EM-300; 30μ objective aperature; magnification 7000- 12000X, exposure time 1 second, anti-contamination device operating.

Hexachlorobenzene toxicity in the monkey ovary: III. Ultrastructure induced by high (10 mg/kg) dose exposure

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
A. Singh ◽  
A. Dykeman ◽  
J. Jarrelf ◽  
D. C. Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Human Follicular Fluid ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Induction Cycle ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a persistent and mobile organochlorine pesticide, occurs in environment. HCB has been shown to be present in human follicular fluid. An objective of the present report, which is part of a comprehensive study on reproductive toxicity of HCB, was to determine the cytologic effects of the compound on ovarian follicles in a primate model.Materials and Methods. Eight Cynomolgus monkeys were housed under controlled conditions at Animal facility of Health and Welfare, Ottawa. Animals were orally administered gelatin capsules containing HCB mixed with glucose in daily dosages of 0.0 or 10 mg/kg b.w. for 90 days; the former was the control group. On the menstrual period following completion of dosing, the monkeys underwent an induction cycle of superovulation. At necropsy, one-half of an ovary from each animal was diced into ca. 2- to 3-mm cubed specimens that were fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.3). Subsequent procedures followed to obtain thin sections that were examined in a Hitachi H-7000 electron microscope have been described earlier.

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