The Greek War of Independence (1821–1832)

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Stefanos Katsikas
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Christianity ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
The Way

This chapter explores the conditions leading to the emergence, development, and outcome of the Greek War of Independence (1821–1832). It analyzes the role of Eastern Orthodox Christianity as a mobilizing factor against the Ottomans among the Christian Orthodox during the war. The war paved the way for Greek Orthodoxy to become the dominant religion, legally, of the newly established Kingdom of Greece in 1832, which was officially called the Kingdom of Hellas. Islam and Muslim communities were regarded as enemies and targeted by the Greek rebels with the purpose of either uprooting Islam from areas that were to become parts of Greece or assimilating Muslim communities by converting their members to Christian Orthodoxy.

scholarly journals Russian Orthodoxy and Political Culture Transformation

1993 ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
James W. Warhola
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Christianity ◽  
Russian Orthodoxy ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Culture Transformation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Changing Role

Russian Orthodox Christianity has served as a major if not principal taproot of Russian culture, and has done so in varying forms and to varying degrees since the formal adoption of the Eastern Orthodox rites as official religion by Prince Vladimir of the Kievan Rus' in June of 988 A.D.1 The specific role of Russian Orthodoxy in the governance of Russia has been closely investigated.2 In addition, the political role of religion, particularly Russian Orthodoxy, during the Soviet era has been the subject of close scholarly examination.3 This paper focuses on the changing role of Orthodoxy under current conditions.

scholarly journals Intercultural Dialogue in the Middle Ages: A Christian Cemetery in Pagan Vilnius

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-58
Author(s):  
Rytis Jonaitis
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
Intercultural Dialogue ◽  
Orthodox Christianity ◽  
Burial Site ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
Christian Culture

In Medieval Europe, Lithuania remained a pagan state the longest, officially accepting Catholic baptism only in 1387. But the country had already been influenced by Christian culture, Orthodox from the East and Catholic from the West, since the 11th century. It should be noted that this influence was not the same: Catholicism was mostly brought ‘by fire and sword’ in the role of the Teutonic Order while the spread of Orthodox Christianity could be more peaceful. It is frequently stressed that the Ruthenian Orthodox Christians were close neighbours of the pagan Lithuanians, settling in Lithuania as subjects of the grand dukes. While the Catholics needed to be invited, the Orthodox Christians from the Ruthenian lands were already subjects of the grand dukes. Thus, communities of both branches of Christianity: Eastern Orthodox and Western Catholic, had settled here and were interacting in a still pagan environment in pagan cities ruled by pagan dukes. This article, in seeking to present the circumstances of the settlement of one of the early Christian communities in Vilnius, the Orthodox one, and its development, examines this community through data from the burial site it left and the interpretation of those data.

scholarly journals Religious Education in Greece - Orthodox Christianity, Islam and Secularism

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marios Koukounaras Liagkis
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secular Education ◽  
Politics And Education ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Islam And Secularism ◽  
Greek Region ◽  
Of Greece

This study is an attempt to address the issue of religion in the public sphere and secularism. Since the Eastern Orthodox Church has been established by the Greek constitution (1975) as the prevailing religion of Greece, there are elements of legal agreements- which inevitably spawn interactions- between state and Church in different areas. One such area is Religious Education. This article focuses on Religious Education (RE) in Greece which is a compulsory school subject and on two important interventions that highlight the interplay between religion, politics and education: firstly the new Curriculum for RE (2011) and secondly the introduction of an Islamic RE (2014) in a Greek region (Thrace) where Christians and Muslims have lived together for more than four centuries. The researches are based on fieldwork research and they attempt to open the discussion on the role of RE in a secular education system and its potential for coexistence and social cohesion.

scholarly journals THE PROMOTION OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE: THE CASE OF GREECE

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Tzianakopoulou ◽  
Nikolaos Manesis
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Organizational Conditions ◽  
Education School ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
The Way

Organizational culture constitutes a fundamental characteristic of the educational organism because, on one hand, it contributes to the shaping of its character and the way of thinking of its members and, on the other hand, it is connected to the productivity of educators and the academic performance of students. Pivotal is the role of the educator in shaping the culture of the educational organism, a culture that moulds the imprint and identity of the school unit and constitutes a criterion for its effectiveness. Culture constitutes a tool in the hands of the leader in order to goad the members of the school community into a developmental trajectory, creating organizational conditions which contribute to learning outcomes and positive change. We conducted a survey using semi-structured interviews on a number of principals of secondary education school units within Attica Prefecture, relative to the way in which they promote organizational culture in their school unit, the role that other stakeholders have, the promotion of cooperative climate and the association of culture and learning outcomes. A lack of strategic orientation for the promotion of culture is clearly evident from the results. The ways in which the members of educational community are involved in organizational culture, cumulatively evaluated, indicate a strategic handling of the promotion of organizational culture. Evaluated, though, separately they are deprived of potency and reassert the incapability in approaching culture holistically. Practices for the consolidation of cooperative climate and the principal's relationship with learning outcomes are confirmed. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0746/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Prilozi za dopunu i modifikaciju regionalizacije Republike Hrvatske

Geoadria ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Radovan Pavić
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Regional Structure ◽  
Essential Characteristic ◽  
Central Function ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Way

1. The contribution considers the possibility and need for the standard regional structure of the Republic of Croatia divided into Pannonian, central (mountainous) and maritime part, to be supplemented and modifiedin the way that the central part i.e. Mountainous Croatia is defined in the dual way: The Gorski Kotar region as specially mountainous, and Lika as a special mountain depression (or mountain-encircled valley) space, thus making the undivided Mountainous Croatia.2. Instead of the expression regional division of Croatia the better expression is regional structure, because the concept of division has in itself political and geopolitical burdens. Countries normally consist of particular regions, whereas the division is something else: structure is a geographical aspect, and division has in itself political/geopolitical tension. Thus Croatia consists of regions and counties, and it is not divided in that way; Switzerland in the same way is not divided into ethnic groups, but it consists of them. However, there are those who consciously or unconsciously acknowledge ''division'' of Croatia in the way that: Istria and ''Croatia'' instead of Istria and the rest of Croatia. Unlike the mentioned, Belgium is divided (the Wallons and the Flemish), Ukraine is divided (Uniates and Eastern Orthodox).3. To understand a certain space it is necessary to have knowledge in geographical and historical sense, i.e. to perceive geography in a historical manner, and vice versa, which implies that it is the matter of historical geography, and at the same time about geographized history and historized geography.4. The major part of the work is devoted to the problem of geographical and functional location. Thus the region is specially located in the central part of Croatia, but has not taken over its central function due to many geographical, historical and geopolitical reasons.5. The position of the region can be, partly, equalled with the position in the space of "Croatian threshold", which is conquered only in the 21st century. Although centrally located in Croatia – after the Croatian space between the rivers Una and Vrbas (later Turkish Croatia) had been definitely lost in the 15th c. – the region did not also take over the role of functional central position. Consequently, the constant contrast between central location and absence of central functions remains. In historical and geographical meaning, the region, as a result, had a divisional meaning also because of relief and historical and geopolitical reasons (height relief, divisional role of the Croatian Military Border). In that way essential characteristic of the Croatian development of sovereignty is observed – it started in the maritime region, in the triangle Nin – Knin – Cetina, in this way the Zagreb region became the new region of the nucleus from the 15th and the 16th c.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 214-230
Author(s):  
Stefanos Katsikas
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Balkan States ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Nation State Formation ◽  
Of Greece

The conclusion draws on the analysis in previous chapters to address some theoretical questions about nation-state formation and communal diversity. What was the role of religion in the formation of individual and collective identity, and to what extent was loyalty to one’s faith also a function of the institutional framework that supported it? To what extent did the institutional framework for administering the Muslim population of Greece—which became a template in other Eastern Orthodox Balkan states—succeeded in protecting the Muslims’ cultural uniqueness from assimilation? How did this framework frame Muslim relations with the Greek state, ethnic Greeks, and other ethnic and religious groups in the country? Given that it has been often suggested that aspects of sharia be adopted by European states with Muslim migrants in order to secure fair and equal treatment for them by the states, what lessons can we draw from the Greek case?

The role of ‘European Islam’ in motivating Muslim women’s political participation in France

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Amina Easat-Daas
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
French Society ◽  
Informal Politics ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Society Today ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way ◽  
Women's Political Participation

Against the background of an allegedly ever-growing disconnect between France and some of her Muslim communities, particularly apparent in the atrocities carried out in Paris in 2015, this article begins by offering an insight into the largely theorised academic notion of ‘European Islam’ and speculates about the extent to which it may contribute to motivating Muslim women’s political participation in France. The article draws on findings from interviews conducted with women who self-identify as Muslim and participate in both formal and informal politics in France, to examine the effects of ‘European Islam’ on their political motivations. It reveals the influence of French contextual specificities on the way in which the Muslim women interviewed articulate their understanding of ‘European Islam’ and continues by offering an explanation of how Muslim women negotiate religion and political participation in France, and their implications for French society today.

MANUSCRIPT EVIDENCE FOR ALPHABET-SWITCHING IN THE WORKS OF CICERO: COMMON NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-516
Author(s):  
Neil O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Reliable Transmission ◽  
Accurate Record ◽  
The Way

Of the hundreds of Greek common nouns and adjectives preserved in our MSS of Cicero, about three dozen are found written in the Latin alphabet as well as in the Greek. So we find, alongside συμπάθεια, also sympathia, and ἱστορικός as well as historicus. This sort of variation has been termed alphabet-switching; it has received little attention in connection with Cicero, even though it is relevant to subjects of current interest such as his bilingualism and the role of code-switching and loanwords in his works. Rather than addressing these issues directly, this discussion sets out information about the way in which the words are written in our surviving MSS of Cicero and takes further some recent work on the presentation of Greek words in Latin texts. It argues that, for the most part, coherent patterns and explanations can be found in the alphabetic choices exhibited by them, or at least by the earliest of them when there is conflict in the paradosis, and that this coherence is evidence for a generally reliable transmission of Cicero's original choices. While a lack of coherence might indicate unreliable transmission, or even an indifference on Cicero's part, a consistent pattern can only really be explained as an accurate record of coherent alphabet choice made by Cicero when writing Greek words.

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