Law

Mind-Society ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 292-317
Author(s):  
Paul Thagard
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Reasonable Doubt ◽  
Presumption Of Innocence ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Wrongful Convictions ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Cognition And Emotion ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Decisions

The legal profession is a complex of mental and social mechanisms. Social cognitivism yields new ways of thinking about reasonable doubt, wrongful convictions, and criminal responsibility. Semantic pointer theories of cognition and emotion explain individual decisions, including defective ones that lead to wrongful convictions. Explanatory coherence shows how people can make judgments of guilt in accord with legal principles, and reasonable doubt based on the value of the presumption of innocence is a legitimate motivated inference. However, illegitimate motivated inferences resulting from emotional coherence with inappropriate values can produce biased and inaccurate verdicts. Moreover, the social interactions that operate in trials and other legal proceedings can naturally be explained using the semantic pointer theory of communication that mingles verbal and nonverbal modes while accommodating the interactions of cognitions and emotions.

scholarly journals The Mashups of YouTube

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mosebo Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Social Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Communicative Abilities ◽  
Formal Characteristic

Abstract This article focuses on YouTube mashups and how we can understand them as a specific subgenre on YouTube. The Mashups are analysed as audiovisual recontextualizations that are given new meaning, e.g., via collaborative social communities or for individual promotional purposes. This is elaborated on throughout a discussion on Mashups as a mode of everyday bricolages, which are moreover discussed through a theoretical approach to Mashups as exponents of what has been called “Vernacular Creativity”. The article also argues that the novelty of Mashups is not be found in its formal characteristic, but rather in its social and communicative abilities within the YouTube community. This leads to the article’s overall argument that the main characteristic of the YouTube Mashup can be explained in terms of connectivity. It is argued that Mashups reveal a double articulation of connectivity; one that involves the social mechanisms of the Mashups, and another mode, which concerns the explicit embedding of structural connectivity that accentuates the medium-specific infrastructure of YouTube. This double articulation of connectivity is furthermore elaborated on by including Grusin and Bolter’s concept of remediation. Methodologically, the article draws on empirical observations and examples of Mashups are included to demonstrate the article’s main arguments.

The value of sociality

foresight ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Lukinova ◽  
Mikhail Myagkov ◽  
Pavel Shishkin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Utility Function ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Know How ◽  
General Utility ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Decisions

Purpose – This paper aims to study the value of sociality. Recent experimental evidence has brought to light that the assumptions of the Prospect Theory by Kahneman and Tversky do not hold in the proposed substantive domain of “sociality”. In particular, the desire to be a part of the social environment, i.e. the environment where individuals make decisions among their peers, is not contingent on the framing. Evolutionary psychologists suggest that humans are “social animals” for adaptive reasons. However, entering a social relationship is inherently risky. Therefore, it is extremely important to know how much people value “sociality”, when the social outcomes are valued more than material outcomes and what kinds of adaptations people use. Design/methodology/approach – We develop a new theory and propose the general utility function that features “sociality” component. We test the theory in the laboratory experiments carried out in several countries. Findings – Our results suggest that when stakes are low the theory of “sociality” is successful in predicting individual decisions: on average, people do value “sociality” and it surpasses the monetary loss. Originality/value – The main contribution of this paper is the breakdown of the risk attitudes under low stakes and individual level of decision-making. Another advancement is the ability to formalize the social utility or the theory of “sociality” in an economic model; we use general utility function that we define both on the outcomes and on the process of the decision-making itself and test in laboratory studies.

SYMBOLIC STRUGGLE FOR POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF «ACTIVE AGING» IN THE RUSSIAN SOCIAL AND LABOR SPHERE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1050-1059
Author(s):  
И. Л. Сизова ◽  
Н. С. Орлова
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Active Aging ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Aging Policy ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
The Social

В статье рассматриваются социальные процессы, сопровождающие реализацию политики «активного долголетия» в российской социальнотрудовой сфере. В первом разделе статьи кратко представляются основы концепции «активного долголетия» и обсуждаются возможные социальные механизмы ее применения. Особое место здесь отводится анализу социальных прав, которые формируют основу для разных моделей развития общественного благосостояния и качества жизни населения. Во втором разделе на базе парадигмы конструктивизма в социальных науках и теории символической власти П. Бурдьё предлагается авторский вариант изучения структур восприятия и оценивания населением реализованных государственных реформ. В третьем разделе представлены результаты эмпирического анализа серии полуструктурированных интервью с основными субъектами социально-трудовой сферы и текстов обращений граждан в органы государственной власти. В заключение интерпретируется символическая борьба вокруг восприятия политики «активного долголетия» в России. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что ожидается новый всплеск программ социальной помощи пожилым и рост пассивности в их трудовом поведении. The article examines the social processes accompanying implementation of the policy «active aging» in the Russian social and labor spheres. The basic concepts of «active aging» are briefl y introduced and possible social mechanisms of its application are discussed in the first section of the article. Special importance is given to the analysis of social rights which form the basis for different models of the development of public welfare and the population’s quality of life. In the second section, author’s version of studying the perception and assessment structures by the population of the implemented reforms of the State are proposed on the basis of the paradigm of constructivism in the social sciences and the theory of symbolic power by P. Bourdieu. In the third section the results of an empirical analysis of a set of semi-structured interviews with the main subjects of the social and labor spheres and the texts of citizens’ appeals to government bodies are presented. In conclusion, the symbolic struggle around the perception of the «active aging» policy in Russia is interpreted. The authors conclude that a new surge in social assistance programs for the elderly and an increase in passivity in their work behavior are expected.

scholarly journals Apontamentos sobre a Efetividade da Tutela Jurisdicional em Matéria Previdenciária

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Machado Weber
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
De Se ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
The Common ◽  
Social Security Benefits

APONTAMENTOS SOBRE A EFETIVIDADE DA TUTELA JURISDICIONAL EM MATÉRIA PREVIDENCIÁRIA   NOTES ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF JURISDICTIONAL PROTECTION IN SOCIAL SECURITY MATTERS  RESUMO: Ações em que se postula a concessão de benefícios previdenciários consistem em substancial parcela das demandas judiciais em curso no país. A despeito da sua importância em termos quantitativos, porém, ainda é tímido o interesse da doutrina no direito previdenciário pelo seu viés processual. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a tutela jurisdicional em matéria previdenciária enquanto instrumento hábil a equacionar os relevantes valores constitucionais em discussão. Vale-se, para tanto, da noção de lide previdenciária, na qual residiria o traço distintivo do processo judicial previdenciário. Em um primeiro momento, objetiva-se delinear a demanda judicial previdenciária, discorrendo sobre seu caráter individual e multifatorial, com destaque para a influência da Administração Pública e do Poder Judiciário no incremento da litigiosidade nessa seara. Em um segundo momento, analisa-se o processo judicial previdenciário, destacando os pontos críticos que impedem seja ele um processo de resultados, a saber, o distanciamento entre as esferas administrativa e judicial, a inadequação do procedimento comum, o excesso de instrução probatória e a postura pouco colaborativa das partes. Pretende-se, enfim, perquirir sobre a conveniência de se falar em um direito processual previdenciário e sobre as possibilidades que se abrem, a partir daí, para que esse processo judicial atinja seus escopos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direito Previdenciário; Benefícios Previdenciários; Processo Judicial Previdenciário; Instrumentalidade; Eficiência. ABSTRACT: Lawsuits in which the concession of social security benefits is pursued comprise a substantial portion of lawsuits ongoing in the country. Despite its importance in quantitative terms, however, doctrine has still little interest in social security law in its procedural aspect. The present work has the purpose to analyze the jurisdictional protection in social security benefits matters as an apt instrument to equate the relevant constitutional values in discussion. It assumes, therefore, the concept of social security case, in which resides the distinctive feature of the welfare judicial proceedings. At first, the objective is to delineate the social security litigation, discussing its individual and multifactorial character, emphasizing the influence of public administration and the judiciary in the increase of litigation in this area. In a second moment, we analyze the social security judicial proceedings, highlighting the critical issues that prevent it to be a process of results, namely the distance between administrative and judicial realms, the inadequacy of the common procedures, excess of discovery phases, and little collaborative parties. We intend, ultimately, to assert the convenience of talking about a specific social security procedural law and the possibilities that are open, thenceforth, in order that these judicial proceedings reach its purposes. KEYWORDS: Social Security Law; Social Security Benefits; Social Security Legal Proceedings; Instrumentality; Efficiency.

scholarly journals ՍՈՑԻԱԼԱԿԱՆ ՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԱՍԿԱՑՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ԵՎ ՍԱՀՄԱՆԱԴՐԱԿԱՆ ՍԿԶԲՈՒՆՔՆԵՐԸ/THE CONCEPT OF SOCIAL STATE AND ITS CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES/ПОНЯТИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВА И ЕГО КОНСТИТУЦИОННЫЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
Nune Jomardyan
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Social State ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Given

The given article is aimed at revealing the content of the social state as a constitutional category. The analyses are thence based on the approaches of scientific literature and the author's own interpretations. It should be mentioned that the main peculiarities of social state has been analyzed taking into deep consideration of its constitutional and legal principles together with its relation to other constitutional principles․

scholarly journals SOCIAL CAUSALITY, FOUNDATIONS AND PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINALIZATION OF THE CREATION OF A TERRORIST COMMUNITY AND PARTICIPATION IN IT

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (1) ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
E.V. Gubanova
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Social Assessment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Community Creation ◽  
Social Causality

The article is devoted to the analysis, theoretical substantiation of the establishment of criminal responsibility for acts related to the creation and participation in a terrorist community, as well as an analysis of the social causality of the criminalization of a terrorist community creation and participation in it. The article reveals the purpose and grounds for the criminalization of this activity. The author has paid special attention to the principles of criminalization and their compliance with the decision of the legislator to establish criminal liability for the creation of a terrorist community and participation in it. Attention is paid to the public danger of creating a terrorist community and participation in it, on which the social assessment of criminal acts is based.

scholarly journals Νευροεπιστήμες και ποινικό δίκαιο: υποσχέσεις και περιορισμοί σχετικά με την εκτίμηση της ικανότητας για καταλογισμό

Bioethica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Γεωργία-Μάρθα Γκότση (Georgia-Martha Gkotsi)
Keyword(s):  
Brain Research ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, an explosion of interest in neuroscience has led to the development of "Neuro-law," a new multidisciplinary field of knowledge whose aim is to examine the impact and role of neuroscientific findings in legal proceedings. Neuroscientific evidence is increasingly being used in US and European courts in criminal trials, as part of psychiatric testimony, nourishing the debate about the legal implications of brain research in psychiatric-legal settings.In this paper, we aim to examine the impact of Neuroscientific evidence in the assessment of criminal responsibility. We start with a brief historical survey of the relation between brain sciences and criminal law. We then present two criminal cases in the context of which neuroimaging techniques were introduced as evidence of diminished responsibility or irresponsibility and continue with a presentation of some significant limitations and difficulties that neuroscience faces in the assessment of penal responsibility. These limitations are scientific, legal but also of philosophical and conceptual nature.We conclude that addressing moral or legal responsibility might depend on scientific data, but requires entry to very different conceptual domains. The legal system cannot delegate to another field, scientific or otherwise, the ascription of legal meaning. Neuroscientific data, however accurate and reliable they may become in the future, cannot contribute to the assessment of criminal responsibility, unless they are contextualised and completed -or even confronted- with data collected on other levels of analysis, in particular on a psychological, anamnestic, sociological and economic level. Neurosciences, as sciences, can offer functioning and biological models of behaviours, while the assignment of responsibility is a normative issue. Although neuroscientific evidence can provide assistance in the evaluation of penal responsibility by introducing new determinisms in the behavioural analysis of offenders with mental disturbances, it does not dispense with the need to define the limits of responsibility and irresponsibility of the accused. This analysis, while it needs to take account of social, moral and political factors - in addition to elements contributed by experts - ultimately belongs to the legal sphere.

scholarly journals From four to zero? The social mechanisms of symbolic domination in the UK accounting field

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 86-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Stringfellow ◽  
Kevin McMeeking ◽  
Mairi Maclean
Keyword(s):  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Symbolic Domination ◽  
The Uk

Gender Differences in Collegiate Alcohol Use

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia C. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Deep South ◽  
State University ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Peer Drinking

Using a survey of 808 male and female college students at a medium-sized state university in the Deep South, this study compared the drinking behavior of, and the social mechanisms leading to alcohol use, in the two gender groups. The results show that males are more likely than females to drink to intoxication. Three main factors can account for this difference. First, males are more likely than females to be associated with others who present prodrinking norms and drinking models. Second, females are more likely to be affected by their parents, and association with parents' more restrictive norms results in less favorable alcohol-use definitions among females, and, in turn, a lower level of alcohol use. Third, peer drinking norms, which are more permissive, exert a stronger impact on male definitions of alcohol use and level of intoxication than on female definitions.

Global Bourdieu

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-586
Author(s):  
Niilo Kauppi ◽  
David Swartz
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Domination ◽  
The Web

Pierre Bourdieu was a prolific scholar whose multifaceted work inspired research in a wide variety of areas. Beyond sociology we find his influence in anthropology, history, cultural studies, political science, and international relations. Particularly after 1995, when he engaged in a fight against neo-liberalism, he became the pre-eminent public intellectual. Bourdieu clearly stands in the pantheon of the greatest contemporary social scientists. This article explores the social mechanisms that enabled the global circulation of Bourdieu’s oeuvre. Multiple factors in multiple intellectual fields contributed to this process. There are “global Bourdieus.” Throughout his career Bourdieu was a defender of the dominated, and a sharp critic of established powers; his work provides individuals in a variety of central and peripheral fields weapons against social domination whatever its form. This narrative weds together his biography and oeuvre, and forms the web that unites him with the social carriers of his work globally.

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