Settler Relations and Identities in Colonial Algeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
John W.P. Veugelers
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
World War ◽  
Mixed Marriages ◽  
Inequality In Education ◽  
Religious Differences

This chapter examines the origins and evolution of settler identity in colonial Algeria. Dealing with the years between 1830 and 1939, it examines the process by which Europeans of diverse origins gradually merged into a distinct people, the French of Algeria. The settlers defined themselves in opposition to the native Arabs and Berbers. The Jews of Algeria were in-between: non-Muslims caught between the Christian and Muslim inhabitants of the colony. Even before World War II, native intellectuals and religious leaders were calling for liberal reforms. Social conditions (residential segregation, inequality in education, linguistic and religious differences, and avoidance of mixed marriages) kept colonizer and colonized apart. The Europeans of Algeria considered themselves French, but their identification with the metropole remained contingent.

Local Ecosystems and Social Conditions of Innovative Enterprise

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-97
Author(s):  
Antonio Andreoni ◽  
William Lazonick
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
World War ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Innovative Enterprise

This chapter integrates the theory and history of localized economic development by summarizing the experiences of three iconic industrial districts: a) the Lancashire cotton textile district which in the last half of the nineteenth century enabled Britain to become the ‘workshop of the world’; b) the globally competitive towns and cities specializing in a variety of light industries, especially in the Emilia Romagna regional district, that, as the ‘Third Italy’, brought economic modernity to that nation in the decades after World War II; and 3) the area in California south of San Francisco, centred on Stanford University, that, as ‘Silicon Valley’, made the United States the world leader in the microelectronics and Internet revolutions of the last decades of the twentieth century. Using the ‘social conditions of innovative enterprise’ as a common conceptual approach, the chapter highlights key lessons from history of the nexus between firms and their local ecosystems.

Psychoanalysis in the Netherlands

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-588
Author(s):  
Ilse N. Bulhof
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
World War ◽  
Freudian Psychoanalysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Elite

In this article I will first investigate the response Freudian psychoanalysis received in the Netherlands from 1905, when the first Dutch analyst began to practice psychoanalysis, until the beginning of World War II. Then I will briefly describe the development of psychoanalysis after the war.In the Netherlands as elsewhere Freudian psychoanalysis was transmitted first to the medical profession, that is to say, to a segment of the Dutch social elite. From there, Freud's ideas spread to other parts of the elite, especially the intellectuals and the religious leaders, after which psychoanalysis was filtered down to the public at large in a form the elite thought appropriate to it.

CHOCOLATE CITY, VANILLA SUBURBS REVISITED

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Reynolds Farley
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Racial Residential Segregation ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Suburban Ring ◽  
The City

Abstract Despite the long history of racial hostility, African Americans after 1990 began moving from the city of Detroit to the surrounding suburbs in large numbers. After World War II, metropolitan Detroit ranked with Chicago, Cleveland, and Milwaukee for having the highest levels of racial residential segregation in the United States. Detroit’s suburbs apparently led the country in their strident opposition to integration. Today, segregation scores are moderate to low for Detroit’s entire suburban ring and for the larger suburbs. Suburban public schools are not highly segregated by race. This essay describes how this change has occurred and seeks to explain why there is a trend toward residential integration in the nation’s quintessential American Apartheid metropolis.

Moving onto the National Stage

Rough Country ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Wuthnow
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Church Growth ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
World War ◽  
Civil Rights Era

This chapter discusses Texas's growing presence in national affairs. It explains the economic, demographic, and political contexts in which religion emerged from World War II and contributed to the further shaping of race relations, faith convictions, and power. Churches benefited from the population growth driven by the postwar baby boom as well as from prosperous economic conditions. In many ways, the late 1940s and 1950s were a time of calm serenity in which religious leaders could focus on church growth and family formation. That was certainly an image that made sense to later observers who viewed the period from the perspective of the more turbulent civil rights era that followed. And yet these were years of remarkable developments in religion, politics, and business—years of inequality, discrimination, and conflict. These as well as new discussions about the separation of church and state set the stage for the civil rights movement and shaped the response to it.

Legal Changes in Adolescent Psychiatry

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
K. S. Walshe-Brennan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Juvenile Crime ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Near Future

Juvenile crime has increased considerably in the past decade. The Police Federation and the Justices' Clerks' Society blame the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 and want the law changed for several reasons. The British Association of Social Workers, however, disagrees. In view of possible changes in the near future, the development of the 1969 Act is traced from World War II with comments on the social conditions then existing. The results of the legislature are discussed with particular reference to Certificates of Unruliness, accommodation difficulties and the role of psychiatry at the present time.

scholarly journals Use of Explosives in the Southwestern Archipelago Immediately after World War II

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Iida
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
World War ◽  
The People ◽  
The Us ◽  
General Conditions

Immediately after the Fifteen Years’ War with the US, China, and colonizing states of Southeast Asia, the Japanese suffered from general shortage especially food, which got worse when the repatriates from Taiwan, Micronesia, Southeast Asia and Manchuria began their new life in Japan. To make their living, both former occupants and newcomers employed all means, among which use of explosives or ‘dynamite fishing’ near the coast. This technique is now prohibited to protect fishing grounds, but the emergent economic and social conditions let the people show the generosity to overlook it. The paper reconstructs the general conditions of this fishing in coastal villages in the Southwestern Archipelago as a step to clarify the farther details of fishing innovation on individual base.

Polskie cywilne duszpasterstwo prawosławne w Niemczech Zachodnich w latach 1945–1951

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 81-112
Author(s):  
Jerzy Grzybowski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
West Germany ◽  
The Political ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ethnic Factor

The article discusses the history of the formation and activity of the Polish orthodox chaplaincy in the three western occupation zones of Germany after World War II. At that time, there were hundreds of thousands of refugees from Poland in the area. In terms of religion they constituted a mosaic. The followers of the Orthodox Church were the second largest group after the Catholics. The authorities of the Republic of Poland in exile felt obliged to provide these people with religious care. Led by Archbishop Sawa (Sowietov), priests carried out the ministry in Germany. The author has analyzed the political and social conditions in which the structures of the Polish Orthodox Church in refugee camps in West Germany were organized and functioned. The author has also presented the influence of the ethnic factor on the activity of the Polish Orthodox clergy.

scholarly journals Linguistic landscape of memorial spaces in multinational communities: The case of Banat Bulgarians in Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-31
Author(s):  
Biljana Sikimic ◽  
Motoki Nomaci
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
World War ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Mixed Marriages ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
The Family

For the linguistic landscape analysis of private signs of Banat Bulgarians we chose two cemeteries, both of them multiethnic, since Banat Bulgarians in Serbia do not form a majority population in any village. The cemetery in Jasa Tomic/Modos is religiously mixed, but the Catholic and Orthodox part are still divided. Banat Bulgarians in Konak village are buried in the Catholic cemetery; there is a separate Orthodox cemetery for the majority population. These two villages (Jasa Tomic and Konak) were selected because they share a similar situation from the diachronic socio-linguistical point of view: apart for a brief time during World War II, the Bulgarian/Paulician language was hardly taught since the early 20th century; Bulgarian was used only in the family and the Catholic church (there are prayer books in Banat Bulgarian); there were many mixed marriages; there was no revival of language and culture As inscriptions on all existing Banat Bulgarian Cyrillic headstones are in Serbian and none of the cemeteries visited have inscriptions in Bulgarian, or rather in the Bulgarian Cyrillic, this indicates that the use and knowledge of standard Bulgarian is limited among the Banat Bulgarians. At the same time, the use of Banat Bulgarian in the Latin alphabet on a proportionally large number of headstones up to the end of the 20th century in the Serbian part of the Banat, and also actively today in Vinga in the Romanian part of Banat, indicates the great importance of the Banat Bulgarian language in preserving the identity of Banat Bulgarians.

scholarly journals Ewangelicy we wschodnim rejonie Królestwa Polskiego

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 111-170
Author(s):  
Witold Jemielity
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
World War ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Protestant Church ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Mixed Marriages ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Government ◽  
Roman Catholics

The work concerns Augsburg and Reformed Protestants living on the area of the Augustów voivodship, which after the January Uprise was changed into Łomża and Suwałki guberniyas. After settling religious centres in the 40s of the nineteenth century the were nine parishes and eight branches on this area; there was only one Parish of the Protestant Church, while the rest of them were of Augsburg Protestant Church. There were over forty thousand Protestants at that time; about five hundred of them belonged to the Reformed Church. Protestants lived mainly on the area frontier line of the Congress Kingdom of Poland and Prussia ever since. Moreover, newly come German settlers lived on the area of Mazovia. On the eastern area of the Augustów voivodship lots of Protestants did not know German language and they used to pray in their native Lithuanian language. They mostly worked as farmers, though they also lived in the towns which were mostly inhabited by the followers of Moses. After the first World War eleven Parishes and branches were on the area of Lithuania while six of them were left in Poland. During that war the Russians deported lots of German settlers of their country and during the World War II numerous Protestants left for Germany. Protestants used to live among Roman-catholics, Orthodox and followers of Moses. During the first half of the century, before they regulated their own network of Parish Churches, Protestants baptised their children and got married in Roman-catholic churches and burried the deceased on the area of common cementaries. The problem of the mixed marriages was not regulated, as a rule the priest of the fiancée should give his blessing. After the January Uprise the Ortodox moved to the above described area. They were protected by the government. However the followers of Moses created a great but closed social and religious group.

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