Elections and Process Democracy

2020 ◽  
pp. 237-276
Author(s):  
Kevin Vallier
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Real World ◽  
Democratic Theory ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Democratic Practices ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter attempts to show that electoral rights, rights to participate in the selection of political officials, create trust for the right reasons. Electoral rights and the resultant democratic practices help to sustain social and political trust in the real world. They are also publicly justified to a diverse public. The arguments herein also support a new kind of democratic theory: process democracy, which seeks to structure different stages of the democratic process in accord with different democratic values. This chapter addresses important work on democratic theory, such as the recent work of Christopher Achen and Larry Bartels and recent developments in designing deliberative institutions.

Against Egalitarianism

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-209
Author(s):  
Kevin Vallier
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Local Control ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Redistributive Taxation ◽  
Liberal Societies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Liberal Socialism

Highly redistributive taxation and left-wing regimes like property-owning democracy and liberal socialism cannot create trust for the right reasons. They are either likely to reduce social and political trust or cannot be publicly justified, or both. For example, property-owning democracy and liberal socialism are likely to sacrifice economic growth, violating the principle of sustainable improvements, and undermining the economic bases for political trust in particular. However, liberal societies can probably increase trust for the right reasons by adopting coercion-reducing policies aimed at compressing economic inequalities, such as reducing local control over residential zoning. The market may also be restricted to protect workers from workplace coercion. This chapter addresses important work on the matter from John Rawls, Thomas Piketty, and Martin Gilens.

Civil Society and Freedom of Association

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-118
Author(s):  
Kevin Vallier
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Real World ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Freedom Of Association ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
The Real ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
The Right ◽  
Public Evidence

A right to freedom of association can both be justified to a diverse public, and exercises of that right help create and sustain social and political trust in the real world. Freedom of association can be justified to multiple points of view, both liberal and illiberal, to protect the pursuit of diverse forms of life. It creates real trust by putting people in contact with other members and with nonmembers. It creates trust for the right reasons because the recognition, protection, and exercise of the right of association serve as public evidence of the trustworthiness of association members and governments that recognize and respect and protect the rights of associations members. Since freedom of association creates trust for the right reasons, it can help arrest falling trust and increasing polarization.

The Epistemic Value of the Democratic Process

Episteme ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Epistemic Value ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Joshua Cohen ◽  
Epistemic Theory ◽  
The Right ◽  
Political Right ◽  
Theory Of Democracy

ABSTRACTAn epistemic theory of democracy, I assume, is meant to provide on answer to the question of why democracy is desirable. It does so by trying to show how the democratic process can have epistemic value. I begin by describing a couple of examples of epistemic theories in the literature and bringing out what they presuppose. I then examine a particular type of theory, worked out most thoroughly by Joshua Cohen, which seems to imply that democracy has epistemic value. The key idea in this theory is that its conception of political right is itself a democratic conception – roughly, what is right is constituted by a consensus among ideal democratic agents. If democratic procedures are modeled on this conception of right, the theory proposes, the fact that we follow these procedures in decision-making will give us reason to believe that the outcomes are themselves right. I do not reject the democratic conception of the right, but I argue that the theory breaks down when we try to extend its conclusions to real-world democratic procedures. While it invites interesting speculation about possible reforms, it gives us little reason to accept the outcomes of actual democratic politics.

scholarly journals WHATSAPP (WA) DAN KONSEP JARAK SOSIAL BARU DI MASYARAKAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Afina Amna
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
The Real ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Do So

<p>Abstract. Whatsapp (WA) as a new social media changes people's communication in cyberspace. Communication that initially can only be done in the real world, develops with the existence of cyberspace that makes communication can be done without having to meet, and can be done quickly and can be felt as if real. For this reason, this study aims to find out how public communication is before there is WA and after there is WA? Does WA change the concept of social distance for society? This research is important to do so that we know how WA as an active and massive communication media used by the community can change the concept of new social distance in society. The method used is qualitative data collection through interviews with several WA users. This interview was conducted by random sampling method with the selection of informants randomly. The theory used in this study is the theory of social distance. This study found that WA changed communication in cyberspace and WA also changed the concept of new social distance because after massive WA groups were used, people were free to disseminate information and had the right to comment without fear of social distance in the real world. People can also more easily realize their sympathies because groups in WA make it easier for them to carry out information and coordination to be able to carry out activities that show sympathy for others.</p><p><br />Keywords: Communication, Whatsapp, Social Distance</p>

scholarly journals Elections, Civic Trust, and Digital Literacy: The Promise of Blockchain as a Basis for Common Knowledge

SATS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Mark Alfano
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
Ample Reason

Abstract Few recent developments in information technology have been as hyped as blockchain, the first implementation of which was the cryptocurrency Bitcoin. Such hype furnishes ample reason to be skeptical about the promise of blockchain implementations, but I contend that there’s something to the hype. In particular, I think that certain blockchain implementations, in the right material, social, and political conditions, constitute excellent bases for common knowledge. As a case study, I focus on trust in election outcomes, where the ledger records not financial transactions but vote tallies. I argue that blockchain implementations could foster warranted trust in vote tallies and thereby trust in the democratic process. Finally, I argue that if the promise of blockchain implementations as democratic infrastructure is to be realized, then democracies first need to ensure that these material, social, and political conditions obtain.

Must Politics Be War Here and Now?

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-48
Author(s):  
Kevin Vallier
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Public Reason ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real People ◽  
Public Reason Liberalism ◽  
The Right

As argued in Must Politics Be War?, it is feasible for some societies to avoid a warlike politics through the appropriate cultivation of social and political trust. This involves establishing societal rules that are mutually acceptable, that is, publicly justified, for each group. These rules prod diverse people to act in ways that signal their fundamental trustworthiness to one another, creating trust between different persons otherwise inclined to tribalism and conflict. These rules, however, must also create trust in the real world with real people, increasing trust for the right reasons. In this way, the aim of this book is to show that some liberal institutions create trust for the right reasons between diverse persons. It is, in this way, also a defense of a form of public reason liberalism.

The Market Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-138
Author(s):  
Kevin Vallier
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Private Property Rights ◽  
The Right

The market economy can create trust for the right reasons. Markets and property rights promote social and political trust in the real world by creating social cohesion through exchange and generating economic growth. Markets also arise from private property rights, which are publicly justified based on the essential role private property rights play in protecting individual rights and the rights of associations. This includes private property rights in capital, that is, productive property, which means that a broadly market-based economy will be a central feature in any society that maintains high levels of social and political trust in the right ways.

Social and Political Trust

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-87
Author(s):  
Kevin Vallier
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
Social Orders

This chapter draws on the extensive empirical literatures on trust in the social sciences in order to explore how to create and maintain social and political trust in the real world. The overall conclusion of this chapter is twofold. First, social and political trust are critical social achievements for sustaining a diverse social order, but social trust is more important than political trust. Second, liberal-democratic market institutions play a modest role in sustaining social trust, and a large role in sustaining political trust. We can conclude, then, that liberal democratic market societies are part of a positive causal feedback loop that sustains trusting social orders with diverse persons who disagree. That is how we get trust for the right reasons.

Chow Rings, Decomposition of the Diagonal, and the Topology of Families (AM-187)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Voisin
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Chow Groups ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Complete Intersections ◽  
Algebraic Varieties ◽  
Chow Ring ◽  
Hodge Structures ◽  
Chow Rings ◽  
Geometric Methods ◽  
The Right

This book provides an introduction to algebraic cycles on complex algebraic varieties, to the major conjectures relating them to cohomology, and even more precisely to Hodge structures on cohomology. The book is intended for both students and researchers, and not only presents a survey of the geometric methods developed in the last thirty years to understand the famous Bloch-Beilinson conjectures, but also examines recent work by the author. It focuses on two central objects: the diagonal of a variety—and the partial Bloch-Srinivas type decompositions it may have depending on the size of Chow groups—as well as its small diagonal, which is the right object to consider in order to understand the ring structure on Chow groups and cohomology. An exploration of a sampling of recent works by the author looks at the relation, conjectured in general by Bloch and Beilinson, between the coniveau of general complete intersections and their Chow groups and a very particular property satisfied by the Chow ring of K3 surfaces and conjecturally by hyper-Kähler manifolds. In particular, the book delves into arguments originating in Nori's work that have been further developed by others.

PROBLEM ASPECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL NORMS OF PROTECTION OF THE VICTIMS FROM CRIME

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Яна Валерьевна Самиулина
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Selection Of

В настоящей статье предпринята попытка исследовать отдельные проблемные аспекты института потерпевшего в российском уголовном процессе. В этих целях подвергнуты анализу правовые нормы, регламентирующие его процессуальный статус. Раскрываются отдельные пробелы уголовно-процессуального законодательства в сфере защиты законных прав и интересов потерпевшего. Автор акцентирует внимание на том, что совершенствование уголовно-процессуального законодательства в части расширения правомочий потерпевшего по отстаиванию своих нарушенных преступлением прав следует продолжить. На основании проведенного исследования действующего законодательства в части регламентации прав потерпевшего от преступления предлагается расширить перечень получаемых им копий постановлений, указанных в п. 13 ч. 2 ст. 42 УПК РФ. Автор предлагает включить в перечень указанной законодательной нормы право получения потерпевшим копии постановления об избрании конкретного вида меры пресечения, избранного в отношении подозреваемого (обвиняемого). Для создания действенного механизма защиты интересов потерпевших от преступления юридических лиц предлагаем ч. 9 ст. 42 УПК РФ изложить в следующей редакции: «в случае признания потерпевшим юридического лица его процессуальное право в уголовном процессе осуществляет представляющий его профессиональный адвокат». This article attempts to investigate certain problematic aspects of the institution of the victim in the Russian criminal process. For this purpose, analyzed the individual norms governing his procedural status. Separate gaps of the criminal procedure legislation in the sphere of protection of the legal rights and interests of the victim are disclosed. The author emphasizes that the improvement of the criminal procedure legislation in terms of the extension of the victim’s authority to defend his rights violated by the crime should be continued. On the basis of the study of the current legislation regarding the regulation of the rights of the victim of a crime, it is proposed to expand the list of decisions received by him, referred to in paragraph 13, part 2 of article 42 Code of Criminal Procedure. The author proposes to include in the list of the indicated legislative norm the right to receive the victim a copy of the decision on the selection of a specific type of preventive measure, selected in relation to the suspect (accused). To create an effective mechanism for protecting the interests of legal entities victims of a crime, we offer part 9 of art. 42 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation shall be reworded as follows: «if a legal entity is recognized as a victim, his procedural right in criminal proceedings is exercised by the professional lawyer representing him».

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