Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Jonathan H. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Multistakeholder Initiatives

Public-private partnerships (PPPs), multistakeholder initiatives (MSIs), and other close relationships with industry actors have become the paradigm in public health. Nowhere is this more evident than in the food and beverage sector. Public officials tend to downplay the ethical perils of these arrangements, and sometimes they fail to recognize them at all. The chapter explores the terminology and taxonomies of public-private partnerships and the justifications offered for these kinds of interactions. It outlines the main concerns and theoretical contributions of the book and provides a summary of the chapters to assist policymakers and other readers who wish to be more selective in their reading of the text. This book is intended to help public health officials (among others) develop comprehensive strategies to counter industry influence and pilot alternatives to PPPs.

Toward Systemic Ethics

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-139
Author(s):  
Jonathan H. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Law ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Public Health Ethics ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Health Ethics ◽  
Systemic Analysis

The chapter urges public officials not to use the language of partnership and argues for a strong presumption against close relationships with industry (however those relationships are described). It offers some guidance for public officials who believe they can make a compelling case to rebut that presumption. This guidance is avowedly more demanding than other approaches. Most importantly, it rejects the isolated analysis of individual relationships and calls for systemic analysis that takes into account the cumulative effects of webs of relationships with industry actors. The chapter develops a framework for independent systemic assessment, monitoring, and evaluation; it also provides for withdrawal. The assessment includes the application of the integrity matrix to highlight tensions involving the mission, purpose, and practices of collaborating institutions. It also draws on frameworks in public health ethics that, in turn, draw on international law.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Jonathan H. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Industry Funding ◽  
Multistakeholder Initiatives

Industry actors understandably develop strategies of influence directed at government bodies, academic institutions, and civil society organizations. These entities have a responsibility to develop counter-strategies to insulate themselves from industry influence. They also need a plan to wean themselves off industry funding. If governments wish to exert leverage over corporations, they need distance rather than proximity. And if they are serious about trying to solve our most challenging public health problems, they must be willing to explore all potential solutions, including those inimical to the commercial interests of industry. We need a new paradigm in public health—one that avoids the ethical perils of public-private partnerships and multistakeholder initiatives. But, before we can develop an alternative paradigm, we must first acknowledge the ways in which status quo is ethically problematic.

The Common Good and Common Ground

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-51
Author(s):  
Jonathan H. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Responsibility Of Government ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
The Common

This chapter reviews the related notions of the common good, the public good, and the public interest. Although corporations can contribute to the common good, they are not guardians of the common good. That is the responsibility of government bodies and public officials. There may be reasonable disagreements about how to define and promote the common good. But policymakers should not conflate the commercial interests of powerful industry actors with the common good. Nor should public officials confound the common good and common ground. Finding common ground with industry ordinarily requires public officials to take off the table interventions that might promote the common good. Public health officials should expressly consider ways to promote the public health that may not create benefits for the private sector, and may even be inimical to the interests of industry.

Perspectives on Prevention: A Dialogue Between Public Health Officials and Community Psychologists

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Pokorny ◽  
Peter Y. Ji ◽  
Jospeh L. Sherk ◽  
P. Jacob Rebus ◽  
Olga Rabin-Belyaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Officials

Dealing with COVID-19: lessons learned from the Italian experience

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Mirella Aliberti ◽  
Francesco De Caro ◽  
Giovanni Boccia ◽  
Rosario Caruso ◽  
Mario Capunzo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Italian Experience ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Future Plans

: Italy was the first western nation affected by the pandemic and was observed as a pilot case in the management of the new coronavirus epidemic. The outbreak of COVID-19 disease has been very difficult in Italy, on June 25, 2020 there are 239,821 total cases of which 33,592 deaths nationwide. Three lessons emerged from this experience that can serve as a blueprint to improve future plans for the outbreak of viruses. First, early reports on the spread of COVID-19 can help inform public health officials and medical practitioners in effort to combat its progression; second, inadequate risk assessment related to the urgency of the situation and limited reporting to the virus has led the rapid spread of COVID-19; third, an effective response to the virus had to be undertaken with coherent system of actions and simultaneously.

Communications and Politics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Sharfstein
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Political Judgment ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

An effective communications approach starts with a basic dictum set forth by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: “Be first, be right, be credible.” Agencies must establish themselves as vital sources of accurate information to maintain the public’s trust. At the same time, public health officials must recognize that communications play out in the context of ideological debates, electoral rivalries, and other political considerations. During a public health crisis, this means that health officials often need to constructively engage political leaders in communications and management. Navigating these waters in the middle of a crisis can be treacherous. Figuring out the best way to engage elected leaders is a core aspect of political judgment.

scholarly journals Data on gender representation in food and beverage print advertisements found in corner stores from Guatemala and Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucila Rozas ◽  
Peter Busse ◽  
Joaquin Barnoya ◽  
Alejandra Garrón
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
General Information ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Print Advertising ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Print Advertisements ◽  
Corner Stores ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objectives Data on gender representation in food and beverage advertisements may allow for a better understanding of how the food industry is targeting different audiences based on gender. Nonetheless, scant research on food and beverage print advertising with a gender approach has been conducted. Therefore, we sought to assess the prevalence of gender focus in print advertisements found inside corner stores in two cities: Guatemala City, Guatemala, and Lima, Peru. Data description We developed two complementary datasets as part of the study: (1) a dataset of digital photographs of 200 food and beverage print advertisements found in corner stores located near schools (100 ads per country selected according to criteria such as product type, image quality, and uniqueness); (2) a quantitative dataset with data of the content analysis of these photographs. We employed 19 variables to record the general information and gender assessment of the ads. These datasets should allow scholars and public officials to identify gender-specific marketing strategies of the food industry that might impact children’s and adolescents’ nutrition differently.

Postexposure Interventions to Prevent Infection With HBV, HCV, or HIV, and Tetanus in People Wounded During Bombings and Other Mass Casualty Events—United States, 2008: Recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa E. Chapman ◽  
Ernest E. Sullivent ◽  
Lisa A. Grohskopf ◽  
Elise M. Beltrami ◽  
Joseph F. Perz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Mass Casualties ◽  
Public Health Preparedness ◽  
Mass Casualty Event ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

ABSTRACTPeople wounded during bombings or other events resulting in mass casualties or in conjunction with the resulting emergency response may be exposed to blood, body fluids, or tissue from other injured people and thus be at risk for bloodborne infections such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, or tetanus. This report adapts existing general recommendations on the use of immunization and postexposure prophylaxis for tetanus and for occupational and nonoccupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens to the specific situation of a mass casualty event. Decisions regarding the implementation of prophylaxis are complex, and drawing parallels from existing guidelines is difficult. For any prophylactic intervention to be implemented effectively, guidance must be simple, straightforward, and logistically undemanding. Critical review during development of this guidance was provided by representatives of the National Association of County and City Health Officials, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, and representatives of the acute injury care, trauma, and emergency response medical communities participating in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Terrorism Injuries: Information, Dissemination and Exchange project. The recommendations contained in this report represent the consensus of US federal public health officials and reflect the experience and input of public health officials at all levels of government and the acute injury response community. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:150–165)

Unresolved Issues in Controlling the Tuberculosis Epidemic Among the Foreign-Born in the United States

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-536
Author(s):  
Guido S. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Year 2000

Tuberculosis (TB), “the world’s most neglected health crisis,” has returned after decades of decline, but has only gradually caught the attention of governments as a formidable threat to public health. By 1984, when TB cases hit an all-time low, federal and state governments stopped supporting the medical infrastructure that once served to contain the disease. State officials around the nation began dismantling laboratory research programs and closing TB clinics and sanitoria. Since 1985, however, TB rates have steadily increased to 26,673 reported cases in 1992, and some have estimated that by the year 2000, there could be a twenty percent increase. By 1993, Congress, realizing that TB could pose a major public health threat, allocated over $100 million to the Department of Health and Human Services for TB prevention and treatment programs. Those funds, however, were sorely needed years before and amounted to only a fraction of what public health officials believe necessary to control TB today.

scholarly journals Willingness of Greek general population to get a COVID-19 vaccine

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Kourlaba ◽  
Eleni Kourkouni ◽  
Stefania Maistreli ◽  
Christina-Grammatiki Tsopela ◽  
Nafsika-Maria Molocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Epidemiological data indicate that a large part of population needs to be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity. Hence, it is of high importance for public health officials to know whether people are going to get vaccinated for COVID-19. The objective of the present study was to examine the willingness of adult residents in Greece to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Methods A cross-sectional was survey conducted among the adult general population of Greece between April 28, 2020 to May 03, 2020 (last week of lockdown), using a mixed methodology for data collection: Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) and Computer Assisted web Interviewing (CAWI). Using a sample size calculator, the target sample size was found to be around 1000 respondents. To ensure a nationally representative sample of the urban/rural population according to the Greek census 2011, a proportionate stratified by region systematic sampling procedure was used to recruit particpants. Data collection was guided through a structured questionnaire. Regarding willingness to COVID-19 vaccination, participants were asked to answer the following question: “If there was a vaccine available for the novel coronavirus, would you do it?” Results Of 1004 respondents only 57.7% stated that they are going to get vaccinated for COVID-19. Respondents aged > 65 years old, those who either themselves or a member of their household belonged to a vulnerable group, those believing that the COVID-19 virus was not developed in laboratories by humans, those believing that coronavirus is far more contagious and lethal compared to the H1N1 virus, and those believing that next waves are coming were statistically significantly more likely to be willing to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Higher knowledge score regarding symptoms, transmission routes and prevention and control measures against COVID-19 was significantly associated with higher willingness of respondents to get vaccinated. Conclusion A significant proportion of individuals in the general population are unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, stressing the need for public health officials to take immediate awareness-raising measures.

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