Acquiring Knowledge through Companionship (Ṣuḥba)

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-148
Author(s):  
Aria Nakissa
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Practice Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Personal Relationship

This chapter combines ethnography and textual analysis to examine the traditional Islamic pedagogy of companionship. In companionship, a student learns from a teacher by entering into a long-term personal relationship with him and sharing in his everyday affairs. The chapter discusses companionship as a pedagogy favored by Traditionalist scholars. It clarifies how companionship involves learning through observation, and learning through practice, as well as a certain regime of punishment. The chapter’s account of companionship draws on insights from hermeneutic theory and practice theory. Topics covered include companionship among later scholars and between sons and fathers, the structure of companionship, companionship and learning through observation, direct witnessing and baraka, companionship and learning through practice, and punishment in companionship.

Taking from the Mouths of Shaykhs (Mushāfaha)

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-178
Author(s):  
Aria Nakissa
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Practice Theory ◽  
Independent Reading ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Muslim Scholars

This chapter combines ethnography and textual analysis to examine the traditional Islamic pedagogy of “taking from the mouths of shaykhs.” This pedagogy requires that a student obtain religious knowledge by sitting with a teacher and listening to him comment on ancient religious texts. The chapter discusses why Muslim scholars value this pedagogy, and why they criticize the practice of independent reading. It also discuss different forms of the preceding pedagogy including samāʿ, qirāʾa, and munāwala. Furthermore, it discusses how this pedagogy relates to matns and commentary. The chapter’s account of “taking from the mouths of shaykhs” draws on insights from hermeneutic theory and practice theory.

Salafism and Wasaṭism

2019 ◽  
pp. 257-274
Author(s):  
Aria Nakissa
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Practice Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Ongoing Development

This chapter combines ethnography and textual analysis to examine how shifts in the structure of religious education have helped give rise to new perspectives on Islamic law. It gives special attention to the emergence of the reformist legal currents known as “Wasatism” and “Salafism.” Both currents reject taqlīd, hold that it is legitimate to dispense with the pedagogy of companionship, and believe that Sharīʿa rules can be adequately learned through the study of texts. The chapter analyzes these currents using insights from hermeneutic theory and practice theory. It first describes Salafism and Wasaṭism in detail, and then turns to the ongoing development of Wasaṭism.

The Sanad

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
Aria Nakissa
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Practice Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Islamic Ethics ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Over Time

This chapter combines ethnography and textual analysis to examine the traditional Islamic concept of sanad. A sanad is a chain of scholars through which knowledge is passed over time. The chapter discusses the importance of the sanad in the view of premodern scholars and contemporary Traditionalist scholars. It also discusses how the sanad is related to Islamic ethics, companionship, and distinctive premodern Muslim understandings of language and writing. The chapter’s account of the sanad draws on insights from hermeneutic theory and practice theory. Specifically included in the discussion are the topics of the sanad and companionship, the sanad and the limitations of learning through texts, and written texts as a medium for the transmission of knowledge.

Sharīʿa, Sunna, and Ethics

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-122
Author(s):  
Aria Nakissa
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Practice Theory ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Islamic Ethics ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Muslim Scholars

This chapter combines ethnography and textual analysis to examine the key concepts of Sharīʿa, Sunna, and ethics. It argues that these concepts can best be understood in terms of the relationship between mind and action, drawing on insights from hermeneutic theory and practice theory. Building on anthropological work in practice theory, the chapter explains how Islamic ethics is a type of virtue ethics. It also explains the place of the Sharīʿa and Sunna in Islamic ethics. Furthermore, it discusses the view of Muslim scholars that proper legal reasoning depends upon ethical living.

Mindtree: Tryst with the Corporate Control Market

2021 ◽  
pp. 227797792199190
Author(s):  
P. Bala Bhaskaran
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Corporate Control ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Market Theory ◽  
Strategic Fit ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
The Capital Market

The case is structured around the takeover of Mindtree Ltd (ML) by Larsen & Toubro Ltd (L&T) in June 2019. ML was founded and nurtured by a group of software professionals. In two decades, it had blossomed into an enterprise with global presence, US$ 1 billion turnover and a unique organizational culture. In a strange sequence of events, more than 20% of ML’s shares landed in L&T’s lap. L&T grabbed this opportunity and ran a systematic campaign to acquire the company. In about 100 days, L&T achieved its objective and got into the driver’s seat. The case traces the evolution of ML from a start-up to a publicly held company with global standing. It examines the circumstances and events leading to L&T getting the initial stake in the company; it examines the acquisition campaign of L&T and the response of the top management of ML. Research Questions Was there a strategic fit between ML and L&T? Were the capital market processes just and fair to all the stakeholders involved in the acquisition? Was L&T fair, prudent and sensitive in the acquisition process? Was Siddhartha loyal and fair to the founders of ML? Link to Theory The theoretical concepts that would enable a better comprehension of the case are: Analysis of strategic fit in M&A situations Capital market: Theory and practice Strategy for corporate control of an enterprise Significance of culture and ecosystem in knowledge organizations Phenomenon Studied Leadership styles relevant at different stages of evolution of an enterprise are different. A leader, at a given point of time, is successful when he is able to match his aspirations with the leadership needs of the enterprise at that point of time. The case can be used to demonstrate this phenomenon. Case Context Context of the case is that of an emerging infotech enterprise, coming under corporate raid and the unfolding capital market processes. The case highlights the shortcomings of the co-founders, leading to their unseating as also the sensitivity of the incoming management in handling the transition. Findings The case demonstrates the ability of the capital market to be fair to all stakeholders ensuring reward for competence and punishment for sloppiness. The case emphasizes the need for co-founders to have an effective strategy for corporate control; only then they could hope to achieve the long-term objectives. The case also illustrates the significance of sensitivity in handling softer issues like people and ecosystem in ensuring long-term success. Discussions At the outset, the case may appear to be that of a big fish swallowing a small fish. But a closer scrutiny would reveal the multiple dimensions of the case. Consider the role of Siddhartha. He seeded the idea of the company; he was a financier to it; he remained an investor in the company longer than most of the founders; when he pulled out, the co-founders could not hold the company together. Neither Siddhartha nor the co-founders had the far-sightedness to consolidate their shareholdings for effective control of the company into the future. This would trigger discussions on the differing roles of technocrats, managers, leaders and founders. Another point worthy of discussion would be: How were the co-founders choosing their leaders? Was it by rotation among themselves, or did they engage a set of criteria to identify an incumbent capable of leading a global company?

Applying the FEW nexus concept at the local scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry P. Huntington ◽  
Jennifer Schmidt ◽  
Philip A. Loring ◽  
Erin Whitney ◽  
Srijan Aggarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Food Energy ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Rural Alaska ◽  
Domain Interactions ◽  
The Cross

The food-energy-water (FEW) nexus describes interactions among domains that yield gains or tradeoffs when analyzed together rather than independently. In a project about renewable energy in rural Alaska communities, we applied this concept to examine the implications for sustainability and resilience. The FEW nexus provided a useful framework for identifying the cross-domain benefits of renewable energy, including gains in FEW security. However, other factors such as transportation and governance also play a major role in determining FEW security outcomes in rural Alaska. Here we show the implications of our findings for theory and practice. The precise configurations of and relationships among FEW nexus components vary by place and time, and the range of factors involved further complicates the ability to develop a functional, systematic FEW model. Instead, we suggest how the FEW nexus may be applied conceptually to identify and understand cross-domain interactions that contribute to long-term sustainability and resilience.

An Organisational Evaluation Capability Hierarchy Model for Self-diagnosis1

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin A Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Information Systems Management ◽  
Capability Maturity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hierarchy Model ◽  
Management Project

The use of Capability Maturity Models in financial management, project management, people management and information systems management in a wide variety of organisations indicates the potential for an Organisational Evaluation Capability Hierarchy to guide the self-diagnosis of organisations in building their evaluation maturity. This paper is about the theory behind this growing trend in organisational governance and organisational diagnosis, and explores its relevance to evaluation theory and practice. This theoretical analysis may have long-term practical benefits for evaluation practitioners, as is being developed in the fields of project management, financial management, and people management in a wide range of organisations.

scholarly journals 'To do or not to do'? The neurobiology of decision-making in daily life: I. Getting the basics

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Palmini ◽  
Victor Geraldi Haase
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Cortical Regions

Abstract The constant conflict between decisions leading to immediate pleasurable consequences versus behaviors aiming at long-term social advantages is reviewed here in the framework of the evolutionary systems regulating behavior. The inescapable temporal perspective in decision-making in everyday life is highlighted and integrated with the role of the executive functions in the modulation of subcortical systems. In particular, the representations of the 'non-existent' future in the prefrontal cortical regions and how these representations can bridge theory and practice in everyday life are addressed. Relevant discussions regarding the battle between emotions and reasons in the determination of more complex decisions in the realm of neuroeconomics and in moral issues have been reserved for a second essay.

scholarly journals Study of professional and emotional burnout in foreign psychological-pedagogical theory and practice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behun-Trachuk Larysa
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Professional Stress ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Pedagogical Theory ◽  
Emotional Burnout

One of the acute problems in modern psychological and pedagogical theory and practice is the problem of emotional burnout of pedagogical workers In the process of studying emotional burnout, we first of all encounter with such general methodological problems, such as: the need to take into account all the main factors that are important for the emergence and formation of emotional burnout in a specialist, with the fact of variability of the main symptoms of emotional burnout at different stages of its formation (changes in thinking, behavior, feelings and health); taking into account probable moments in the development and formation of emotional burnout, etc. In our opinion, the following approaches can be solved by solving common methodological problems: interdisciplinary, systemic, empirical, personal-social-activity, situational. The article uses a complex of theoretical and empirical methods of analysis, systemization and generalization. Scientific understanding of foreign experience in studying the phenomenon of burnout, allowed to determine the degree of negativity of long-term professional stress, emotionally charged conditions of concert and stage activities and a large number of unforeseen situations of artistic and pedagogical interaction as a determinant of psychophysical burnout, emotional and intellectual I am a specialist. Thus, the approaches analysed in this article to the study of “emotional burnout” show that burnout manifests itself in various spheres of personality (cognitive, motivational, human rights to work), and there is a connection between burnout and exacerbation in all these areas, it seems to us important. Further research requires the development of technologies to overcome the syndrome identified by Ukrainian scientists.

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