Class

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-135
Author(s):  
Lyndsey Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Class Hierarchies ◽  
Working Class Women ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This chapter shows that Annie Kenney’s suffragette career offers fresh insight into the way that class was represented, understood, and experienced within the WSPU. While WSPU activists frequently claimed that theirs was a classless organization, historians have often been sceptical as to whether this was reflected in their policies and attitudes. Class remained a significant source of tension in the organization even as women attempted to pursue a common goal. This chapter traces how Annie Kenney was first positioned as a representative of, and advocate for, working-class women, and later celebrated for her outstanding commitment to the cause, indicating that the meaning of class was fluid and shifting rather than fixed and static. The chapter raises ideas about the role and representation of working-class women within the WSPU, and demonstrates how women themselves attempted to navigate the complicated terrain of class hierarchies and gendered inequality.

Anthropology, Class and the ‘Big Heads’: An Ethnography of Distinctions between ‘Rough’ and ‘Posh’ amongst Women Workers in the UK Pottery Industry

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hart
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Pottery Industry ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Global Corporation ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Working Class Women ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
The Way

In the context of the take-over by a global corporation (Royal Doulton) of a family-owned and run pottery factory in Longton Stoke-on-Trent, known as ‘Beswick’, and the subsequent re-structuring of production, this paper explores the way in which women pottery workers make social distinctions between the ‘rough’ and ‘posh’, ‘proper paintresses’ and ‘big heads’ which cut into and across abstract sociological notions of class. Drawing on ethnographic data I show that for these working class women, class as lived is inherently ambiguous and contradictory and reveal the ways in which class is gendered. I build on historical and sociological studies of the pottery industry, and anthropological and related debates on class, as well as Frankenberg's study of a Welsh village, to develop my argument and draw analogies between factory and village at a number of levels. My findings support the view that class is best understood not as an abstract generalising category, but in the local and specific contexts of women's working lives. I was the first one in our family to go in decorating end and they thought I was a bit stuck-up. My sister was in clay end as a cup-handler and I had used to walk off factory without her, or wait for her to leave before I left, though she said, ‘If it wasn't for me you wouldn't have anything to paint!’ They were much freer in the clay end – had more to do with men – we thought we were one up. 1

Stravinsky's Les Noces and Russian Village Wedding Ritual

1990 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Mazo
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Folk Ritual ◽  
The Village ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This study presents Stravinsky's well-known ballet Les Noces as seen by an ethnomusicologist familiar with wedding rituals and, particularly, laments of Russian villages. The music of Les Noces, statements made by the composer himself, and the data gleaned from published sources of folk music (those Stravinsky is known to have come in contact with or those accessible to him) are juxtaposed with observations obtained in field interviews with Russian villagers who themselves were participants in wedding rituals and performers of wedding laments. The conceptual and structural ideas of Les Noces are compared to those of the village ritual. The examination of the role of laments and songs in the unfolding of the ritual, the use of ostinato, the analysis of the manner of singing and voice quality in laments, and an inquiry into the polyphonic forms based on polymorphic texture enable a fresh insight into Les Noces and the way Stravinsky handled materials derived from folk practice. The general conceptualization of the composition with its coalescence of high emotional intensity and, at the same time, personal detachment is traced to folk ritual where the episodes, being part of the ritual, embody primarily impersonal responses to the requirements of a ritualized situation, even though they are presented as highly tense and emotionally charged.

Adaptation and multiplication of bacteria in host tissues

1983 ◽  
Vol 303 (1114) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Restricted Environment ◽  
Genetic Structures ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Host Tissues ◽  
The Way

The multiplication of bacteria in the largely undefined and changing environment of host tissues is an essential feature of any infection. Bacterial behaviour is determined both by genetic structures and also by the environment. Little is known about the effect that host factors may have on invading bacteria nor about the way in which alterations in bacterial properties aid proliferation in vivo . Recently our understanding of one feature of this environm ent and of the way in which pathogenic bacteria adapt to it has increased considerably. We now know that the amount of iron that might be readily available to bacteria in body fluids is extremely small. This iron-restricted environment induces phenotypic changes both in the metabolism and in the composition of the outer membrane of bacteria growing in vivo . These and other host-induced changes are now providing a fresh insight into the capability of bacteria to multiply in vivo during infection.

scholarly journals ‘Noisy, restless and incoherent’: puerperal insanity at Dundee Lunatic Asylum

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morag Allan Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Lunatic Asylum ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Working Class Women ◽  
The Way

Puerperal insanity has been described as a nineteenth-century diagnosis, entrenched in contemporary expectations of proper womanly behaviour. Drawing on detailed study of establishment registers and patient case notes, this paper examines the puerperal insanity diagnosis at Dundee Lunatic Asylum between 1820 and 1860. In particular, the study aims to consider whether the class or social status of the patients had a bearing on how their conditions were perceived and rationalized, and how far the puerperal insanity diagnosis, coloured by the values assigned to it by the medical officers, may have been reserved for some women and not for others. This examination of the diagnosis in a Scottish community, suggesting a contrast in the way that middle-class and working-class women were diagnosed at Dundee, engages with and expands on work on puerperal insanity elsewhere.

From the Suwanee to Egypt, There's No Place like Home

PMLA ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Cynthia Ward
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
Class Hierarchies ◽  
Seraph On The Suwanee ◽  
White Working Class ◽  
Working Class Women

Zora Neale Hurston's Seraph on the Suwanee (1948) and Carolyn Chute's The Beans of Egypt, Maine (1985) feature white working-class women negotiating class hierarchies in rural communities. Despite present-day critics' putative concern with class and demonstrated interest in Hurston's other works, particularly Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), both novels have been largely ignored by the critical establishment, in part because readers lind it difficult to identify with the main characters. Comparing the critical receptions of Seraph, The Beans, and Their Eyes reveals that the mechanism by which readers identify with imaginary characters is constituted by middle-class reading practices. While a sympathetic audience emerged for Their Eyes, one is not likely to appear for the other two novels, which expose the class-bound roots of the literary construction of identity, meaning, and reality. In addition, Seraph and The Beans point, however obliquely, toward a vernacular notion of home that resists middle-class commodification.

scholarly journals “Scrutinize her actions, punish her body to saver her soul”: The Figure of the Governess in Jane Eyre

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-545
Author(s):  
Suman Rana
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Charlotte Bronte ◽  
Jane Eyre ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Victorian Period ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
Working Class Women ◽  
Condition Of Women ◽  
Representations Of Women ◽  
The Way

In 1840s the figure of the governess, particularly her sexuality became a subject of much concern to the periodical essayists. The Victorian period, as Foucault argues saw an immense proliferation of discourses about sex. Sexuality thus came into being as the ultimate open secret. This justified the attention devoted to the distressed governess by emphasizing the central role she played in reproducing the domestic ideal- on one hand she, as a teacher was to teach her students ‘accomplishments’ that would attract a good husband and later make them good wives and mothers yet at the same time police the emergence of undue assertiveness or sexuality in her maturing charges. The employment of women as governess also mobilized and engaged with two of the most important representations of women: the figure who epitomized the domestic ideal-the wife/mother, and the figures who threatened to destroy it-the working-class women/prostitutes. It is within these contexts that the paper will try and place Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte. The paper would also analyse the way this stereotypical representation of women throws light on the condition of women in general and working-class women.

scholarly journals Hejaz in the Mid-1920s: the First Soviet Peacemaking Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-723
Author(s):  
V. V. Naumkin
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Arab World ◽  
First Nation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

The article provides a fresh insight into the little known peacemaking initiative in the history of the Soviet diplomacy launched and planned by the head of the first Soviet diplomatic mission in the Arab world – in the Kingdom of Hejaz – Consul General Kerim Hakimov. As the troops commanded by Abdel Aziz bin Saud, the then ruler of Nejd, were rapidly approaching the Hejaz, and by the early 1925 had captured its capital Jeddah, Moscow, mindful of the future, gave its approval for Hakimov to get along with forging contacts with the Nejd representatives. The author reviews the motives underlying the decision to make an attempt at reconciliation between Ibn Saud and Sharif Hussein that would allow a possibility to establish a direct contact with the would-be founder of Saudi Arabia located in Mecca. Eventually, the Soviet Consul General managed to procure the vital information about the situation in Arabia and make a realistic assessment of Ibn Saud’s chances to gain victory. The trip made by the Consul General had an impact on Moscow’s determination to move forward along the way of supporting Ibn Saud in his efforts to unify the Arab lands, as a result, the USSR was the first nation to recognize the new state in Arabia.

Clothing in Context — Nineteenth-Century Dress and Textiles in the Thomas Hardy Archive

Costume ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Thomas Hardy ◽  
Famous People ◽  
Tess Of The D'urbervilles ◽  
Textiles And Clothing ◽  
Insight Into

This article will consider how dress, textiles, manuscripts and images in the Thomas Hardy Archive illuminate his writing and reveal the accuracy of his descriptions of clothing in novels including Far from the Madding Crowd and Tess of the D'Urbervilles. Rural clothing, fashionable styles, drawings and illustrations will shed new light on his writing through providing an insight into the people's dress he described so eloquently in his writing. The textiles and clothing in the Archive are also significant as nineteenth-century working-class dress is relatively rare. Everyday rural clothing does not tend to survive, so a collection belonging to Hardy's family of country stonemasons provides new opportunities for research in this area. Even more unusual is clothing reliably provenanced to famous people or writers, and such garments that do exist tend to be from the middle or upper classes. This article will show how the combination of surviving dress, biographical context and literary framework enriches understanding of Hardy's words and informs research into nineteenth-century rural dress.

Teacher digital competence: bringing education to the next level

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
S.V. Tsymbal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Access Information ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

The digital revolution has transformed the way people access information, communicate and learn. It is teachers' responsibility to set up environments and opportunities for deep learning experiences that can uncover and boost learners’ capacities. Twentyfirst century competences can be seen as necessary to navigate contemporary and future life, shaped by technology that changes workplaces and lifestyles. This study explores the concept of digital competence and provide insight into the European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators.

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