Stravinsky's Les Noces and Russian Village Wedding Ritual

1990 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Mazo
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Folk Ritual ◽  
The Village ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This study presents Stravinsky's well-known ballet Les Noces as seen by an ethnomusicologist familiar with wedding rituals and, particularly, laments of Russian villages. The music of Les Noces, statements made by the composer himself, and the data gleaned from published sources of folk music (those Stravinsky is known to have come in contact with or those accessible to him) are juxtaposed with observations obtained in field interviews with Russian villagers who themselves were participants in wedding rituals and performers of wedding laments. The conceptual and structural ideas of Les Noces are compared to those of the village ritual. The examination of the role of laments and songs in the unfolding of the ritual, the use of ostinato, the analysis of the manner of singing and voice quality in laments, and an inquiry into the polyphonic forms based on polymorphic texture enable a fresh insight into Les Noces and the way Stravinsky handled materials derived from folk practice. The general conceptualization of the composition with its coalescence of high emotional intensity and, at the same time, personal detachment is traced to folk ritual where the episodes, being part of the ritual, embody primarily impersonal responses to the requirements of a ritualized situation, even though they are presented as highly tense and emotionally charged.

Comparative studies on glial markers

1981 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
B. I. Roots
Keyword(s):  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Biochemical Differentiation

Macromolecular markers for glial cells have been sought for a variety of reasons. One of the earliest was the need for a means of assessing the purity of cell and subcellular fractions prepared from nervous tissue. While there is still a requirement for this kind of tool, emphasis has shifted towards seeking information on biochemical differentiation among cells and their functional interactions. A brief general review will be made of glial markers and two of these, 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphohydrolase (CNP) and glutamine synthetase (GS), will be considered in detail. Until recently studies of markers have been concentrated on the higher vertebrates and those on lower vertebrates and invertebrates have hardly begun. However, such comparative studies may lead to fresh insight into old problems. For example, CNP has long been regarded as a marker for myelin and oligodendrocytes but it has not been possible to attribute a functional role to it and its relation to myelination has remained obscure. The finding that it is present in the glia of a moth Manduca sexta which lacks myelin provides a stimulus for a fresh approach to the problem. Another example is provided by studies on GS. This enzyme is found in astrocyte feet and preliminary results indicate that it is localized also in the perineurial glia of Aplysia ganglia. These results lead to a reconsideration of the perennial question of the possible role of astrocyte feet in barrier mechanisms. Extension of comparative studies may not only raise new questions but also provide some answers.

4. Islamic and Confucian accounts of the virtues

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Craig A. Boyd ◽  
Kevin Timpe
Keyword(s):  
Confucian Tradition ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Human Good ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This chapter evaluates how two different cultural traditions understand virtue, specifically Islam and Confucianism. The work of Al-Ghazzali provides insight into the central role of virtue for Islam. In living out the five pillars of Islam—the shahadah, salat, zakat, sawm, and the hajj—one becomes a person properly related to Allah and to others. In this context, adab (the manner in which people acquire good character) provides an entrée into Islamic accounts of the virtues. Meanwhile, while there are important differences between the thinkers in the Confucian tradition, they all emphasized the dao (the ‘way’) as providing the highest human good and the proper cosmic ordering of the universe.

Drunk in Society

Drunk Japan ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 142-174
Author(s):  
Mark D. West
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Employment Law ◽  
Legal Contexts ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This chapter focuses on the role of intoxication in society. After examining the way courts discuss alcohol use as a social problem, it turns to three legal contexts: employment law, family law, and torts. First, it examines cases of disciplinary dismissals, in which civil servants whose employment is terminated after drunk-driving convictions sue their former employers. Second, it explores divorce cases in which alcohol consumption and intoxication are raised as factors that contributed to the demise of the marriage. Third, it turns to cases in which people claim they were defamed by statements related to alcohol consumption. In each case, courts issue opinions that either offer little insight into their thoughts on intoxication (despite a penchant for editorializing in other types of cases) or apply uneven, but individualized, justice.

scholarly journals Let Them Eat Cake:  Gender, Nationalism and Tyranny  in Revolutionary France and Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hugh Eldred-Grigg
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Public ◽  
Marie Antoinette ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

<p>The origin of the phrase ‘let them eat cake’ is obscure. Conversely, it is widely understood that the woman whose name is most associated with the phrase, Marie Antoinette, the last pre-revolutionary Queen of France, never said it. But despite its lack of veracity the phrase demonstrates neatly the degree of disdain and anger directed at the Queen to the point where hatred becomes a useful term. This hatred was not unique to Marie Antoinette. While there is no phrase to highlight her role in the public eye, Alexandra Fedorovna, the last Czarina of Russia, was the focus of parallel disdain. Despite the timescale their situations are strikingly similar. The French and Russian revolutions form the backdrop for the close of these two women’s lives. Political historians de-emphasise the role of individual actors in shaping events, but the events of individual lives – or more precisely, the way in which those events are interpreted in the public sphere – can provide an insight into the impersonal events that constitute noteworthy targets of analysis. This study identifies a common dynamic that explains the reason why Marie Antoinette and Alexandra Fedorovna were both the target of such intense hatred during the revolutions that overthrew the systems they were part of and contributed collectively and individually to the shaping of the modern world.</p>

scholarly journals Let Them Eat Cake:  Gender, Nationalism and Tyranny  in Revolutionary France and Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hugh Eldred-Grigg
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Public ◽  
Marie Antoinette ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

<p>The origin of the phrase ‘let them eat cake’ is obscure. Conversely, it is widely understood that the woman whose name is most associated with the phrase, Marie Antoinette, the last pre-revolutionary Queen of France, never said it. But despite its lack of veracity the phrase demonstrates neatly the degree of disdain and anger directed at the Queen to the point where hatred becomes a useful term. This hatred was not unique to Marie Antoinette. While there is no phrase to highlight her role in the public eye, Alexandra Fedorovna, the last Czarina of Russia, was the focus of parallel disdain. Despite the timescale their situations are strikingly similar. The French and Russian revolutions form the backdrop for the close of these two women’s lives. Political historians de-emphasise the role of individual actors in shaping events, but the events of individual lives – or more precisely, the way in which those events are interpreted in the public sphere – can provide an insight into the impersonal events that constitute noteworthy targets of analysis. This study identifies a common dynamic that explains the reason why Marie Antoinette and Alexandra Fedorovna were both the target of such intense hatred during the revolutions that overthrew the systems they were part of and contributed collectively and individually to the shaping of the modern world.</p>

scholarly journals Can Personality Be Changed? The Role of Beliefs in Personality and Change

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol S. Dweck
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

Using recent research, I argue that beliefs lie at the heart of personality and adaptive functioning and that they give us unique insight into how personality and functioning can be changed. I focus on two classes of beliefs—beliefs about the malleability of self-attributes and expectations of social acceptance versus rejection—and show how modest interventions have brought about important real-world changes. I conclude by suggesting that beliefs are central to the way in which people package their experiences and carry them forward, and that beliefs should play a more central role in the study of personality.

scholarly journals Dendrites decrease the synaptic weight resolution necessary to implement linearly separable computations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Cazé ◽  
Marcel Stimberg
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Weight ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Strong Constraint ◽  
Multiple Orders ◽  
Limited Precision ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

AbstractIn theory, neurons modelled as single layer perceptrons can implement all linearly separable computations. In practice, however, these computations may require arbitrarily precise synaptic weights. This is a strong constraint since both, biological neurons and their artificial counterparts, have to cope with limited precision. Here, we explore how the non-linear processing in dendrites helps overcoming this constraint. We start by finding a class of computations which requires increasing precision with the number of inputs in a perceptron and show that it can be implemented without this constraint in a neuron with sub-linear subunits. Then, we complement this analytical study by a simulation of a biophysical neuron model with two passive dendrites and a soma, and show that it can implement this computation. This works demonstrates a new role of dendrites in neural computation: by distributing the computation across independent subunits, the same computation can be performed more efficiently with less precise tuning of the synaptic weights. We hope that this works not only offers new insight into the importance of dendrites for biological neurons, but also paves the way for new, more efficient architectures of artificial neuromorphic chips.Author SummaryIn theory, we know how much neurons can compute, in practice, the number of possible synaptic weights values limits their computation capacity. Such a limitation holds true for artificial and synthetic neurons. We introduce here a computation where the required means evolve significantly with the number of inputs, this poses a problem as neurons receive multiple thousands of inputs. We study here how the neurons’ receptive element-called dendrites-can mitigate such a problem. We show that, without dendrites, the largest synaptic weight need to be multiple orders of magnitude larger than the smallest to implement the computation. Yet a neuron with dendrites implements the same computation with constant synaptic weights whatever the number of inputs. This study paves the way for the use of dendritic neurons in a new generation of artificial neural network and neuromorphic chips with a considerably better cost-benefit balance.

scholarly journals Peran Pendidikan Ekonomi pada Pengrajin Dupa Ratus

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Achmad Maulana Adyaksa ◽  
Hari Wahyono ◽  
Cipto Wardoyo
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Way

<p class="Abstract"><strong>Abstract:</strong> The hundred incense craftsmen in the village of Dalisodo initially had jobs as farmers and ranchers until finally they chose to become hundred craftsmen of incense. The existence of hundred incense craftsmen in the Dalisodo village is very influential on the development of the Dalisodo village especially in the Malang Regency because they are able to produce high quality products and the products are marketed all the way to Bali Island. The method of this research uses qualitative. With this type of approach to femenology. And in determining subjects using puposive sampling. In carrying out every activity, the hundred incense craftsmen possess the role of economic education, including from the family, craftsmen, laborers, and in the hundred incense production process.</p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Pengrajin dupa ratus di Desa Dalisodo pada awalnya memiliki pekerjaan sebagai petani dan peternak hingga akhirnya mereka memilih menjadi pengrajin dupa ratus. Keberadaan pengrajin dupa ratus di desa Dalisodo sangat berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan di desa Dalisodo, khusunya di wilayah Kabupaten Malang karena mereka mampu memproduksi dengan produk yang sangat berkualitas dan hasil produksi di pasarkan hingga ke Pulau Bali. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif dengan jenis pendekatan fenomenologi dan dalam menentukan subyek menggunakan <em>puposive sampling</em>. Di dalam melakukan setiap kegiatannya, pengrajin dupa ratus memiliki peran pendidikan ekonomi, meliputi dari dalam keluarga, pengrajin, buruh kerja, dan di dalam proses produksi dupa ratus.

scholarly journals "Jatkuvassa liikkeessä on myös koko kalevalainen perintömme"

Elore ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Haapoja
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
The Past ◽  
Methodological Nationalism ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
The Way ◽  
Newspaper Articles

This article examines the discussions that concern the new Kalevalaic rune singing in Finland, and analyses the way that this phenomenon is described in public channels. The dataset consists of over 100 media texts, such as newspaper articles, TV documentaries and Internet videos and writings. Based on the old mythical, metric, poetical system, folkloristic collections and extensive archives of these poems and songs, the new Kalevalaic rune singing has turned out to be one of the most vital and salient parts of the Finnish contemporary professional folk music field, and therefore it is often present in public discourse. The article aims to analyse how the relation between the past and the present is seen in the dataset and how language is used in this context. The discussions that concern this phenomenon refer to many layers: among other things, they reflect nationalistic ideologies, methodological nationalism and the ways that the role of tradition and heritage in the western neo-liberal world is seen. Furthermore, the creativity of an individual musician, the fields of Finnish

scholarly journals Chambly Mills, 1784‑1815

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Françoise Noël
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lower Canada ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
The Village ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The study of Gabriel Christie's investments in, and operation of, Chambly Mills in the late eighteenth century provides insight into the role of a small-scale seigneurial enterprise in the rural economy. Despite the sizable investment involved, the flour mill employed only a small number of permanent wage workers, and other cash expen- ditures were minimal. The mill can therefore be seen to have operated within a traditional structure of rural society rather than as a force for change. The mill, however, also depended on artisanal labour and a link between the establishment of the mills and the growth of the village is suggested. Seigneurial investment may have been a major factor in the increasing number of villages in Lower Canada between 1815 and 1831. A need for further study of the role of seigneurial capital in the wider economy is indicated, an area which the focus on centralized and large-scale industries has left virtually unexplored.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document