Small Beginnings

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-108
Author(s):  
Francis J. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Cold Food ◽  
The Village ◽  
Spring Planting

The colonists’ relief at surviving the dangerous Atlantic passage was followed by the challenges of surviving in their new world. After they decided to settle along Cape Cod, they spent time exploring the region in search of a suitable harbor. During these expeditions they encountered Native encampments abandoned for the season, and took corn that the inhabitants had put aside for spring planting. Though only one passenger had died in the crossing, cold, food shortages, disease, and the debilitating work of cutting down trees and building shelters took their toll, and half of the settlers died over the winter and early spring. Fears of Native attacks added to anxiety. In March an English-speaking native, Samoset, entered the village as a spokesman for the Wampanoag Massasoit Ousamequin, leading to a mutual defense pact and Native aid in understanding and managing the land.

scholarly journals Responses to Early Spring Planting in Several Genotypes of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum typhoideum Rich)

10.5109/24220 ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
Totok Agung Dwi Haryanto ◽  
Nguyen Duy Can ◽  
Tae Kwon Shon ◽  
Tomohiko Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Spring Planting

Quite Like Ourselves

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Archer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
New World ◽  
Military Training ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Experiments ◽  
American Interest ◽  
English Speaking

In the United States, there was substantial opposition to entering World War I, and yet conscription was introduced more quickly than in any other English-speaking country. In Australia, opposition to entry was minimal, but opposition to conscription was so great that its introduction was blocked. The period before US entry into the war also saw an unusual surge of American interest in Australian social experiments—including experiments with Compulsory Industrial Arbitration and Compulsory Military Training—which reached a peak in the wake of a unique Australian referendum on conscription. This essay examines the extent of this surge of transnational interest, the reason for it, and its possible effects, before considering why the outcome of the conflict over conscription was so different in these two similar historically liberal New World societies.

Images of the village community: a study in Anglo-Indian Ideology

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The Village ◽  
Anglo Indian ◽  
English Village

To a degree exceptional even in that age of historical recovery and sociological discovery, awareness of the village community was a creation of the later nineteenth century. With due allowance for the contribution of the German historical school, it was—within the English-speaking world—an Anglo-Indian creation. In England, save for a handful of ‘survivals’, the village community was a purely historical phenomenon, studied by historians; but in India it was an omnipresent reality, utilized by revenue officials in assessing and collecting the land revenue. From the efforts of these groups—historians and revenue officials—to comprehend substantially similar institutions two intellectual traditions derived. Originating in complete independence of one another, both traditions converged in the third quarter of the nineteenth century for a brief, intense, period of cross-fertilization—only to separate as totally again. What made their convergence possible was the rising popularity of evolution and ‘comparative method’—which insisted on the essential identity of the defunct English village community and the living Indian village, separate in space and time, but co-existent in the same phase of social evolution. Then disillusion with unilinear evolutionary schemes and the exhaustion of comparative method—its apparent inability to produce any fresh discovery—drove them apart.

scholarly journals Low-temperature Germination Response of su, se, and sh2 Sweet Corn Cultivars

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Hassell ◽  
Robert J. Dufault ◽  
Tyron L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Seed Processing ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Spring Planting

Early spring sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa) is usually planted in cold soils at sub-optimal temperatures for seed germination. It is important for growers to understand the relationships among temperature, germination, and vigor of sweet corn in order to plan the earliest planting dates that will not significantly reduce plant stand. The objectives of this research were 1) to determine the minimum temperatures to germinate to 75%, (the minimum germination percent for interstate commerce) for 27 new sweet corn su (sugary), se (sugar enhancer), and sh2 (shrunken-2) cultivars; 2) to determine vigor differences among the phenotypes; and 3) to select the most promising se, su, and sh2 cultivars for cold tolerance and vigor for early spring planting. Seeds of each cultivar were placed along a temperature gradient on a thermogradient table, Type 5001 (Seed Processing Holland, Enkhuizen, The Netherlands), and allowed to germinate over a 7-day period. The gradient treatments were [±2 °F (1.1 °C)] 52, 56, 60, 64, 68, 72, 76, 80, 84, and 86 °F (11.1, 13.3, 15.6, 17.8, 20.0, 22.2, 24.4, 26.7, 28.9, and 30.0 °C). Germination data from thermogradient testing were used to determine the minimum temperatures and time required for su, se, and sh2 cultivars to germinate at ≥75%, defined as minimum acceptable germination percent (MAGP); and the minimum temperature to reach the maximum germination rate (MGR) for a cultivar, defined as the ability to germinate to MAGP at the same rate equally at low and high temperatures. Generally, su phenotypes germinated to MAGP within 4 days, with sh2 requiring 6 days, but with se requiring 5 days. We found that within each phenotype, however, cultivars reacted uniquely to temperature. The most vigorous and cold tolerant su cultivars were `NK 199' and `Merit' which germinated to MAGP at 52 °F with `NK 199' more vigorous than `Merit'. The su cultivar `Sweet G-90' was vigorous at warm temperatures, but the least cold tolerant and desirable for planting under cold conditions. Within the se cultivars, `Precious Gem', `July Gold', and `Imaculata' germinated to MAGP at 52 °F with `Precious Gem' requiring 6 days and `July Gold' and `Imaculata' requiring 7 days. `Accord' was the least cold tolerant se cultivar, requiring at least 60 °F for MAGP with a slow MGR, even at warm temperatures. None of the sh2 cultivars reached MAGP within 7 d at 52 °F, as was also observed for certain su and se cultivars.

Effect of irrigation methods and techniques of earthing up on the potato yield

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Viktor Melihov ◽  
Aleksey Novikov ◽  
Denis Vasilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Spring Planting

The article considers three ways of watering potatoessprinkling, furrowing, drip and two methods of hilling – ridge and ridge at early spring and summer planting times. The use of drip irrigation systems in the cultivation of potatoes in the subzone of light-chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region leads to an increase in yield of 63 % compared with sprinkler irrigation, at 31 % compared to irrigation furrows in the spring planting time and by 34 % compared to sprinkler irrigation, by 28 % compared to irrigation furrows on the options for summer planting time. Ridge hilling technique led to an increase in potato yield compared to the ridge technique by 8.5…13.3 % at early spring planting times and by 6.6…13.5 % at summer planting times. The analysis of yield of the main production shows that potatoes of spring term of landing formed mass of tubers to 57,4 t/ha, and at summer plantings to 62,6 t/ha. On average, the yield of potatoes at summer planting dates was higher than the yield of potatoes at spring planting dates by 13 %.

scholarly journals Dangerous dining: surface foraging of North Atlantic right whales increases risk of vessel collisions

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Parks ◽  
Joseph D. Warren ◽  
Karen Stamieszkin ◽  
Charles A. Mayo ◽  
David Wiley
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Right Whale ◽  
Suction Cup ◽  
Right Whales ◽  
North Atlantic Right Whales

North Atlantic right whales are critically endangered and, despite international protection from whaling, significant numbers die from collisions with ships. Large groups of right whales migrate to the coastal waters of New England during the late winter and early spring to feed in an area with large numbers of vessels. North Atlantic right whales have the largest per capita record of vessel strikes of any large whale population in the world. Right whale feeding behaviour in Cape Cod Bay (CCB) probably contributes to risk of collisions with ships. In this study, feeding right whales tagged with archival suction cup tags spent the majority of their time just below the water's surface where they cannot be seen but are shallow enough to be vulnerable to ship strike. Habitat surveys show that large patches of right whale prey are common in the upper 5 m of the water column in CCB during spring. These results indicate that the typical spring-time foraging ecology of right whales may contribute to their high level of mortality from vessel collisions. The results of this study suggest that remote acoustic detection of prey aggregations may be a useful supplement to the management and conservation of right whales.

A Complex Fate

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Roger Asselineau
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Henry James ◽  
Small Child ◽  
Post Office ◽  
Henry Adams ◽  
World War ◽  
Birth Place ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Village

If, according to Henry James, “it's a complex fate, being an American,” it is a no less complex fate being an Americanist, especially when you were born in Europe, in a non-English speaking country. Unlike poets (as well as kings and dalai-lamas and humorists too probably), Americanists are not born, but made. For my part, at least, I was made one by very slow stages, and my education, like that of Henry Adams, began quite early. For, though I didn't go to America until I was nearly thirty, America came to me when I was still a very small child. This occurred during World War I, the Great War, as it was called then. I was living at my great-grand-parents' in a village in Berry, while my father was at the front and my mother worked in the post-office at Orléans (my birth-place). Suddenly — it must have been in 1917 or 1918, I was about three at the time-our village was invaded by a troop of Sammies. I was thrilled. I can still see diem very vividly. They looked so smart and martial in their khaki uniforms and broad-brimmed hats or saucy helmets. They were so different from the jaded French soldiers in faded grey-blue uniforms I saw from time to time, and, above all they spoke a language which no one understood. I gaped at them for hours, while they drilled on the village square or played football, occasionally breaking window-panes, but always paying for the damages right away. They broke one at my great-grand-parents, while we were having lunch, and my great-grand-mother was very angry, but they soon pacified her. They were very generous indeed, especially with children. I loved them. They carried me in their arms, took me on walks, gave me large slices of bread and salt butter, a rare delicacy, and even small coins, nickels and pennies with buffaloes and Indian heads, which I still have.

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