The Health of the Poorest 50%

Pained ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Michael D. Stein ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social

This chapter focuses on the health of the poorest 50% of Americans. Pretax income for the poorest 50% of Americans has remained the same over the past 40 years, while their after-tax income has dropped as taxes have increased for this same group. Regressive taxation has deepened wealth gaps, virtually assuring a continuing cycle of low income earning. The national share of income owned by the richest 50% of Americans has grown commensurately during this period, and the health indicators have responded accordingly. The slope of the income–health relationship has grown even steeper since 2000; the health advantage that those with higher incomes have over those with lower incomes is greater than it has been in the past four or more decades. Why is this? Americans continue to invest less in the social resources that can mitigate the challenges that come with a lower income, even as they spend ever more on high-end medicine that is accessed principally by those who can afford it. Social institutions like education that traditionally have led to social mobility and better health have become increasingly the provenance of the well-off.

Sexual Ontology and Group Marriage

Philosophy ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 58 (224) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. L. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unmarried Mother ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

Philosophers of earlier ages have usually spent time in considering thenature of marital, and in general familial, duty. Paley devotes an entire book to those ‘relative duties which result from the constitution of the sexes’,1 a book notable on the one hand for its humanity and on the other for Paley‘s strange refusal to acknowledge that the evils for which he condemns any breach of pure monogamy are in large part the result of the fact that such breaches are generally condemned. In a society where an unmarried mother is ruined no decent male should put a woman in such danger: but why precisely should social feeling be so severe? Marriage, the monogamist would say, must be defended at all costs, for it is a centrally important institution of our society. Political community was, in the past, understood as emerging from or imposed upon families, or similar associations. The struggle to establish the state was a struggle against families, clans and clubs; the state, once established, rested upon the social institutions to which it gave legal backing.

scholarly journals It is time for rural training in family medicine in Brazil!

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (40) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Magda Moura Almeida ◽  
Mayara Floss ◽  
Leonardo Vieira Targa ◽  
John Wynn-Jones ◽  
Alan Bruce Chater
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Resources For Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Rural And Remote ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rural Training

The gap between health needs and the training of human resources for health is much more evident in rural areas. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, these differences become more challenging. The diversity of geographical and administrative barriers to access makes the health indicators of rural and remote populations worse than those of the urban population. Family Medicine could address the social determinants of health through the provision of human services and play an important role in low-income rural residents’ health status. This essay is an urgent call for the debate on models for projecting heath workforce supply and requirements for rural areas in Brazil.

Application of social counseling technology for low-income families within the framework of a social project

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Marina A. Boldina ◽  
Darya V. Grushina ◽  
Elena V. Deeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Social Project ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Social Counseling

We present statistical data on the number of low-income population and low-income families in the Russian Federation. The concepts of “low-income”, “low-income family”, “living wage” are characterized. The problematic field of low-income families is studied. The main reasons for the increase in the number of low-income families in the Russian Federation are revealed. The relevance of the research topic is substantiated. Measures are listed to improve the quality of life of low-income families within the framework of state social policy. The legal framework for social work with low-income families is studied. The essence, stages and principles of the social counseling technology are considered. We list the main personality traits that a specialist in social work should have. The need for social institutions to use the social counseling technology when working with low-income families is revealed and substantiated. The developed and implemented social project to inform low-income families using the social counseling technology is presented. The relevance is substantiated and the effectiveness of the implementation of this social project is proved. The novelty and practical significance of the project is revealed, which consists in the pos-sibility of increasing the level of awareness of low-income families on social and legal issues, in the cooperation of efforts of various social institutions in solving the problems of low-income fam-ilies, in attracting and training volunteers to acquire the necessary knowledge on social and legal issues.

Fertility and childbearing practices among poor Gypsy women in Hungary: the intersections of class, race and gender

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Durst
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Roma Women ◽  
The Village

This article explores changes in childbearing practices among Gypsy (Roma) women in a small village in Northern Hungary. The author benefited from several years of ethnographic field research and data collected in this village, where the proportion of the out-of-wedlock births and births to teenage—mostly Gypsy—mothers have increased by a factor of three in the past 10 years as the population of the village has become more and more impoverished and the opportunities for geographic or social mobility declined sharply for the ethnic minority. The author argues that bearing children early is a sign of passage to adulthood in this group of women, a function which had been assigned to other social institutions before 1989. Early childbearing at the same time exacerbates the problem of Gypsy women: this is the first study which documents the consequences of poverty on women's and children's health by showing an increase in low birth weight babies in the community since 1989.

Ecologies of Collective Parent Engagement in Urban Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Alameda-Lawson ◽  
Michael A. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Parent Engagement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Urban School ◽  
School Outcomes ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
School Communities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Institutional Landscape

For the past several decades, the construct of parent involvement (PI) has framed much of the literature on school–family–community partnerships. In this study, the authors used a qualitative form of meta-analysis called thematic synthesis to explore a programmatic alternative to conventional PI known as collective parent engagement (CPE). The CPE approach examined in this study was implemented in three low-income, urban school communities. The primary goal was to help low-income parents develop programs and services that could support the strengths, needs, and challenges of children and families at school and in the community. The findings indicated that, when implemented as an isolated or “stand-alone” service strategy, CPE generally does not influence school outcomes. But when tied to a broader system of reform efforts, CPE can help transform the social-institutional landscape of low-income, urban school communities.

From Casablanca to Houston

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-60
Author(s):  
Julie Fette
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
French Colonialism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
Global Mobility ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Jewish Emigration

This article melds family history with History, tracing the lives of my daughter’s grandparents, Marcelle Libraty and Pinhas Cohen. Products of the social mobility and integration offered by the Alliance israélite universelle, they became schoolteachers in Morocco and opted for France after independence. Currently in their eighties, Marcelle and Pinhas’s lives are connected to sweeping events in history: French colonialism, Vichy anti- Semitism, Moroccan independence, Jewish emigration. Inspired by Ivan Jablonka’s L’Histoire des grandparents que je n’ai pas eus, I experiment as both narrator of the past and participant in the family story, and demonstrate new ways of writing history. This auto-historiographical project shows how a family succeeds in preserving identities of origin and maintaining relationships despite socio-political upheaval and global mobility.

Challenging the Surge of IBD: The role of the China Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation in the healthcare landscape of IBD

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lishan Peng ◽  
Shurong Hu ◽  
Qiao Yu ◽  
Yan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Medical System ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and life-long disease, and patients must ultimately learn to live with and manage the condition. With advances in diagnostics and treatment in IBD, healthcare professionals (HCP) and patients are now concerned with both quality of care (QOC) and quality of life (QOL). China Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation (CCCF) is committed to improving the QOC and QOL for IBD patients by garnering social resources. This paper details how CCCF has worked for better IBD management over the past five years. The foundation has four main projects: education programs for IBD HCPs and patients, support activities, public awareness and advocacy, and research programs. CCCF is an increasingly influential public welfare organization providing advocacy for IBD patients in China. The foundation is now entering the next stage of its development in pursuing professional operations and helping to solve the social problems experienced by IBD patients. CCCF ultimately plans to pioneer reforms in China’s medical system and hopefully provide a successful example of IBD advocacy for developing countries to emulate.

scholarly journals Social institutions mediating seed access in West African seed systems

FACETS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 998-1014
Author(s):  
Kristal Jones
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
System Development ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Seed Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Seed System

Contemporary approaches to market-oriented agricultural development focus on increasing production and economic efficiency to improve livelihoods and well-being. For seed system development, this has meant a focus on seed value chains predicated on standardized economic transactions and improved variety seeds. Building formal seed systems requires establishing and strengthening social institutions that reflect the market-oriented values of efficiency and standardization, institutions that often do not currently exist in many local and informal seed systems. This paper describes and analyzes efforts to develop formal seed systems in Sahelian West Africa over the past 10 years, and identifies the impacts for farmers of the social institutions that constitute formal seed systems. Using qualitative and spatial data and analysis, the paper characterizes farmers’ and communities’ experiences with seed access through the newly established formal seed system. The results demonstrate that the social and spatial extents of the formal and informal seed systems are extended and integrated through social institutions that reflect values inherent in both systems. The impacts of current market-oriented agricultural development projects are, therefore, more than in the past, in part because the social institutions associated with them are less singular in their vision for productive and economic efficiency.

scholarly journals A history of abuse: Documenting the harms experienced by the “Trainspotting generation”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Weston ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Social Harm ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The story of the past 40 years has been the relentless hollowing-out of industrial Britain leading to long-term unemployment and discarded generations that have been excluded socially and economically (Pearson 1987a, 1987b, Buchanan and Young 2000). In an attempt to block out these harsh social and economic realities of their lives, the youth of the 80s and 90s turned to heroin (Buchanan and Wyke 1987). By adopting a social harm approach to the analysis of semi-structured interviews with twelve opiate users (OUs), I argue that the problems often associated with drug use – experiences of stigmatisation, unemployment, and physical and mental health – might be best understood as harms resulting from a reductionist discourse that misrepresents drugs and drug users as a threat to society and focuses treatment on reducing the risks that OUs pose rather than enhancing the social resources necessary for human flourishing. La historia de los últimos 40 años ha sido el incesante desmantelamiento de la Gran Bretaña industrial hacia el desempleo de larga duración y las generaciones descartadas que han sido excluidas social y económicamente (Pearson 1987a, 1987b, Buchanan y Young 2000). En un intento de bloquear estas duras realidades sociales y económicas de sus vidas, los jóvenes de los 80 y los 90 recurrieron a la heroína (Buchanan y Wyke 1987). A partir de un abordaje de daño social para el análisis de entrevistas semiestructuradas con doce usuarios de opiáceos, aduzco que los problemas comúnmente asociados al consumo de drogas –experiencias de estigmatización, desempleo, y salud física y mental– podrían entenderse mejor como daños resultantes de un discurso reduccionista que representa erróneamente las drogas y a sus consumidores como una amenaza a la sociedad, y enfoca el tratamiento como una reducción de los daños que suponen los consumidores de opiáceos en lugar de enfocarlo en los recursos sociales que se necesitan para la prosperidad humana.

scholarly journals Formation of the youth’s social memory in the Eurasian integration states-participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-496
Author(s):  
G. I. Osadchaya ◽  
E. Yu. Kireev ◽  
M. L. Vartanova ◽  
A. A. Chernikova
Keyword(s):  
Generation Y ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common

In the past thirty years, social memory of the Eurasian youth has been influenced by many actors of the commerative space, who often pursue their own goals in the struggle to legitimize the new political order and their policies of the radical economic transformation. The results of their efforts should be taken into account in the implementation of one of the most important joint projects of the post-Soviet countries - Eurasian integration, because social memory of the youth is the most important resource for its success. The study aims at clarifying and evaluating the mechanisms for preserving information about the past, the peculiarities of the generation Y ideas about the common history and the current stage of the EAEU construction, which are present in the public discourse, and at revealing the relationship between attitudes to the past and to the Eurasian integration, the influence of social memory on the personal worldview, the forms and methods of its reconstruction in the interests of the post-Soviet countries interaction and efficiency of the politics of memory. The formation of social memory is defined as the activity of actors (individuals, groups, organizations, social institutions, communities) aimed at the interpretation of the collective past and common present by the youth of the countries participating in the Eurasian integration. The empirical object of the study - young citizens of the member states and candidates for joining the EAEU (18-38 years old), who live, study or work in Moscow. The article considers the respondents assessments of the contribution of each of the actors to the social memory formation and describes social memory of the generation Y as a set of views, feelings and moods reflecting the perception of the Soviet past and the common present. The authors insist on the purposeful policy of the leaders of the countries, participating in the Eurasian integration, to ensure the reconstruction of the youths social memory and the consolidation of societies.

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