The Covenant of Works and Predestination

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-165
Author(s):  
Harrison Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Covenant Theology ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Reformed Tradition ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Human Responsibility ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines how Ussher connected the doctrine of predestination to the covenant of works, and looks at how he shaped his predestinarian rhetoric in accord with the changing political climate in England, with its shift toward opposition to predestinarian theology. The examination of Ussher’s rhetorical changes over time highlights the way that he was able to use his unique position in Ireland to navigate anti-predestinarian policies coming from the English establishment. Older literature on covenant theology argued that there were competing strands of the Reformed tradition that emphasized either human responsibility or predestination. The covenant of works, however, was developed to bring those competing traditions together. Ussher’s connection of predestinarian theology and the covenant of works in conjunction with his hypothetical universalism makes him an important example of the flexibility of early modern theological categories that defies older assessments.

Open Houses from Etic to Emic Perspectives: Casa Aperta in Early-Modern and Nineteenth-Century Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-463
Author(s):  
Raffaella Sarti
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Local People ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
The Status ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

What did early-modern and nineteenth-century Italians mean when they used the expressions tener casa aperta or aver casa aperta, literally to keep open house and to have an open house? In this article I will try to answer this question, which is far less trivial than one might imagine. Before tackling the topic, a premise is necessary. In some previous works, I used an etic category of ‘open houses’, i.e. a category I elaborated to interpret the implications of the presence, in many households, of domestic staff from different classes, places, races than their masters/employers. Such a presence made those houses open. The border between different peoples and cultures was inside the houses themselves that were places of exchanges, confrontations and clashes. In this article, I will develop a different approach: I will map the emic uses of the ‘open-house’ category, i.e. I will analyse how early-modern and nineteenth-century Italians used the expressions tener casa aperta or aver casa aperta. While some uses had to do with hospitality and sociability, others had legal meanings, referring to citizenship rights and privileges, the status of aristocrats, the differences between foreigners and local people and taxpaying. I will pay particular attention to the latter, also suggesting possible geographical differences and changes over time. This will present an opportunity to delve into the cultural and legal world of early-modern and nineteenth-century Italians, and to unveil the importance of houses for one's status.

scholarly journals Socio-Cultural Problems of the Malay Community in Singapore and in Penang: A Study of Kilat Senja and Aci Patmabi

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-177
Author(s):  
Jelani Harun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Rural Life ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way ◽  
Cultural Developments

The way of life of the Malay community cannot be separated from its traditional kampong or rural life, which forms the earliest template of life as family, community and nation, from the earliest stages to the developments of today. Changes over time have given rise to corresponding changes in the kampong, transforming them into advanced, modern towns and cities. This phenomenon occurred in Singapore and Penang, two cosmopolitan states of the Straits Settlements with close historical links. What occurred in Singapore may be discovered in Penang as well. The phenomena or dilemma of “cultural aridity” in Singapore may have similarities with the problem of “urban sprawl” in Penang. On this premis, initially the article discusses Hadijah Rahmat’s Kilat Senja . Do the socio-cultural issues of the Malay community in Singapore also occur in Penang? The answer to this question may be explicitly and implicitly resolved in Azmi Iskandar Merican’s work, Aci Patmabi . Subsequently the article raises and explores a variety of questions on the course of socio-cultural developments of the Malay community in Singapore and Penang. Keywords: socio-cultural issues, cultural aridity, urban sprawl, Singapore, Penang

Rampedi revisited: Another look at a Kgatla ward

Africa ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Schapera ◽  
Simon Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

Opening ParagraphObservation of the way in which local groups develop in a given society must ideally take place over a longer period than most researchers remain active in the field, particularly if changes over time are to be charted adequately. But longer-term studies remain relatively scarce and there are obvious difficulties in the way of them: younger anthropologists are often reluctant to look again at a society that has already been carefully studied, especially if the scholar who carried out the earlier field-work still survives; and changing theoretical perspectives and field-work techniques make it hard to match data from different periods. Bearing in mind the need to overcome these difficulties, we combine in this paper field data collected in the course of expeditions spanning more than forty years in an effort to trace the development of an important Kgatla grouping, the ward.

A taste for the classics

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Easterling
Keyword(s):  
Ancient World ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Literary Authority ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

This chapter looks at the way the concept of ‘classic authors’ changes over time by constant redefinition. What has been emerging, along with new and more capacious definitions of ‘the ancient world’, has been a closer understanding of the complex processes of reception. The recognition that the canon is open to reinvention, and that even the most ‘central’ texts themselves are infinitely mutable has had the effect of releasing new energies. The discussion explores aspects of the debate about canonicity, first by reviewing some basic ‘canonical’ vocabulary, then by taking a test case (the use of quotations) to illustrate the tensions inherent in the notion of literary authority, in the ancient world and in the Renaissance.

scholarly journals “Confused Anarchy and the late civil broils”: The Politics of Genre in Milton’s Histories

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Sukanya Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ideological Stance ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe writing of history was seminal to Milton’s conception of himself as a humanist and is a key to our understanding of his literary career. Yet, Milton’s Brief History of Moscovia and The History of Britain occupy a unique position in the way in which they are poised between the humanist notion of history as counsel and history as an assertion of “republican” values. However, situating Milton in a climate of republicanism has othen been problematic and challenging. Like writers of humanist historical narratives, Milton’s primary aim was to guide the English people in their current political crisis by making the past an analogue of the present. I wish to contend that he approaches his intention generically: by a manipulative use of the genres of history and chorography, Milton is able to straddle the earlier notion of history with the later notions of “republicanism” that permeated the political climate of England in the aftermath of the Civil War. In an inversion of Shklovsky’s notion of “form shaping content”, Milton’s reliance on genre as a vehicle for articulating his political and ideological stance, ultimately results in content shaping form.

Melodrama On and Off the Stage

2014 ◽  
pp. 685-701
Author(s):  
Jim Davis
Keyword(s):  
The World ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

Although melodrama is often considered specifically in national contexts, it is also a transnational phenomenon. Individual melodramas take on different meanings in new locations, while melodrama as a genre changes over time. Evidence of this can be seen, for instance, in the way the supernatural is gradually subsumed by psychology. Melodrama is a fluid genre that eludes easy definition and many plays now described as melodramas were not so defined by their original authors. Melodrama is not antipathetic to realism, but often complements or even makes use of reality, especially when confronting the problems of modernity. It helps to mediate reality and even provides agency to its spectators in their interaction with the world around them.

scholarly journals EXISTENCE OF COLLECTIVE WOMEN’S EXPERIENCE VIEWED IN THE LIGHT OF HISTORIOGRAPHY REFERRING TO WOMEN IN EARLY MODERN WESTERN AND EASTERN EUROPE

2016 ◽  
pp. 190-201
Author(s):  
MELINA ROKAI
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
The Third ◽  
Women's Power ◽  
The Family ◽  
Women's Experience ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

In the light of opposing views on the existence of collective women’s experience and rising support for the idea of the category of “woman” as one that changes over time, it becomes interesting to consider the methodology which assumes the existence of a collective women’s experience. Keeping in mind ideas propounded by theorists to determine the meaning of social category of “woman”, the paper explores women’s experiences in terms of three selected components: economic involvement, religion rights, and women’s power and gender. Thus it is concluded that 1. women from spatial area under research had different experiences in domains of their economic inclusion and regarding their opportunities to hold political power and influential position within the family. 2. However, there are indisputable features that common to women in the mentioned geographical and time frame. 3. The third conclusion stems from the to mentioned: that the theories assuming existence of women’s collective experience are partially valid and need to be applied with care due to the two above mentioned conclusions.

scholarly journals Elderly intimacy in Petra Costa’s Documentary Olhos de Ressaca

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Beal
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

This article analyses how Brazilian director Petra Costa’s 2009 short documentary Olhos de Ressaca brings to the fore a frequently forgotten, often taboo topic: the intimacy of the elderly. Costa’s film thematically and aesthetically explores the intimacy of a couple in their eighties who have been married for decades. The documentary covers the full range of this period of life in a more open way than has been customary in film. Costa’s attentive and imaginative engagement with the topic is displayed in the film’s portrayal of skin, memory, and the way a couple’s intimacy changes over time.

John Davenant's Hypothetical Universalism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Central Core ◽  
Reformed Theology ◽  
Covenant Theology ◽  
Reformed Tradition ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Detailed Exposition ◽  
Divine Will

AAaJohn Davenant’s hypothetical universalism has consistently been misinterpreted and misrepresented as a via media between Arminianism and Reformed theology. This study examines Bishop Davenant’s hypothetical universalism in the context of early modern Reformed orthodoxy. In light of the various misunderstandings of early modern hypothetical universalism, including English hypothetical universalism, as well as the paucity of studies touching on the theology of Davenant in particular, this book gives a detailed exposition of Davenant’s doctrine of universal redemption in dialogue with his understanding of closely related doctrines such as God’s will, predestination, providence, and covenant theology and (2) defends the thesis that Davenant’s version of hypothetical universalism represents a significant strand of the Augustinian tradition, including the early modern Reformed tradition. In service of these two aims, this book examines the patristic and medieval periods as they provide the background for the Lutheran, Remonstrant, and Reformed reactions to the so-called Lombardian formula (“Christ died sufficiently for all; effectually for the elect”). Moreover, it traces how Davenant and his fellow British delegates at the Synod of Dordt shaped the Canons of Dordt in such a way as to allow for their English hypothetical universalism. A careful exposition of the various theses found in Davenant’s De Morte Christi makes up the central core of this book. Finally, this study explores Davenant’s covenant theology and doctrine of the divine will.

Isolationism revisited: seven persistent myths in the contemporary American foreign policy debate

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
The Us ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

‘Isolationism’ is a much used and abused term in the contemporary American foreign policy debate. This article seeks to illuminate some of the misunderstandings that surround the use of this term by challenging seven persistent myths about isolationism. In so doing it sheds light on the often unarticulated role that this and other ideas play in the US foreign policy debate. It also seeks to demonstrate the nature of the main ideational cleavages within this debate which the isolationist name-calling obscures, and to show the way in which language is used in the political discourse and how its meaning in this debate changes over time.

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