The Prohibited (Haram)

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-91
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashim Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Depth

Almost every aspect of halal is essentially concerned with what is the opposite of halal, namely the haram. Hence, haram is treated in considerable depth and in several sections that deal with the types and grounds of haram, such as manifest harm, filth, intoxication, and unlawful acquisition. Haram may be defined as “all that which the Lawgiver (al-shariʿ) has prohibited in definitive terms, and its perpetrator is liable to a punishment in this world or the Hereafter.” It is thus a binding demand from the Lawgiver in respect of abandoning something, and it is conveyed in a variety of linguistic expressions, as the chapter elaborates.

Cryosectioning plant roots prepared by high-pressure freezing

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 662-663
Author(s):  
R.E. Crang ◽  
M. Mueller ◽  
K. Zierold
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Vitreous State ◽  
Radial Depth ◽  
Irregular Topography ◽  
Considerable Depth ◽  
Conventional Freezing

Obtaining frozen-hydrated sections of plant tissues for electron microscopy and microanalysis has been considered difficult, if not impossible, due primarily to the considerable depth of effective freezing in the tissues which would be required. The greatest depth of vitreous freezing is generally considered to be only 15-20 μm in animal specimens. Plant cells are often much larger in diameter and, if several cells are required to be intact, ice crystal damage can be expected to be so severe as to prevent successful cryoultramicrotomy. The very nature of cell walls, intercellular air spaces, irregular topography, and large vacuoles often make it impractical to use immersion, metal-mirror, or jet freezing techniques for botanical material.However, it has been proposed that high-pressure freezing (HPF) may offer an alternative to the more conventional freezing techniques, inasmuch as non-cryoprotected specimens may be frozen in a vitreous, or near-vitreous state, to a radial depth of at least 0.5 mm.

scholarly journals Spongiidæ

1879 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 286-288
Keyword(s):  
Kerguelen Island ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Many ◽  
Considerable Depth

The collection of Sponges from Kerguelen Island is very limited in extent. So far as it goes, it may he said to present a Europæn, and more especially a British facies. Half of the species at the fewest, may be picked up at any time on the beach of South Devon: —viz. Isodictya rosea, Halichondria plumosa, H. carnosa , and H. sanguinea. To these we might add a fifth species, H. panicea, , for the Kerguelen variety differs from the normal British form only in the possession of spicules twice the size of those of the latter. Of the three species remaining Thalysias is common to the Mediterranean and the seas between the Americas; the Ute occurs on the N. W. coast of Spain and in the Mediterranean; and one only, the Tethya , is decidedly antarctic. This last was the only specimen obtained from a considerable depth; all of the others were either collected with the grapple within the Laminarian zone, or were the produce of shore-collecting between tide-marks or amidst the refuse of the beach. Probably more extended research would have brought to light divers of the many peculiar forms which abound in the Cape seas and in those of the southern part of Australia. In the course of my examination I have met with very few Foraminifera , no Globigerina, and no Coccoliths .

Mineral losses during soil formation in granitic material

Soil Research ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Profile Losses ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Mineral Losses ◽  
Considerable Depth

The productivity of forest stands on four soils is related to the degree of weathering of the soils as measured by the ratio of free ferric iron to total iron for the entire profile. Losses of phosphorus, potassium, and soil bulk increase with the degree of weathering, which commences at a considerable depth. Most of the phosphorus and potassium is lost from the material before it comes within the reach of tree roots.

IV.–Notes on the Discovery of the base of a Large Fossil Tree at Clayton

1886 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 406-408
Author(s):  
S. A. Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Geological Society ◽  
Great Thickness ◽  
Commercial Value ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Considerable Depth ◽  
Extreme Care ◽  
Overlying Strata

Only a short time since there was discovered in the Lower Coalmeasures at Idle, a magnificent specimen of Megalichthys Hibberti; and now, at Clayton, near Bradford, has been found one of the grandest examples yet seen of a fossil Sigillaria tree. It was in the Fall Top Quarry, at Clayton, worked by Messrs. Murgatroyd and Sons, that this remarkable fossil was discovered, and these gentlemen deserve the highest praise from all geologists for the skill and extreme care with which they have bared the fossil, and also for their kindness in allowing it to be inspected. This quarry is not far from the edge of a bold escarpment overlooking the Thornton Valley, and the well-known Elland Flagstone is worked here for landings, flags, etc. Between the Better-Bed-Coal and the Flagstone there is a great thickness of sandstones, shales, etc., of various characters, and it was in these measures that the fossil tree was discovered about 12 feet below the surface. The sandstones just referred to are of little commercial value, many being irregularly bedded, and others very perishable in their nature; the better kinds are used for rough walling, the remainder being merely rubbish to fill up other excavations. The marketable flagstone is at a considerable depth in this quarry, and blasting operations have to be carried on to remove rapidly the overlying strata. After one of these explosions, Messrs. Murgatroyd observed part of a large fossil tree exposed, and, profiting by their knowledge of geology (which, by the work of the Yorkshire Geological Society and also of the Leeds Geological Association, is rapidly spreading throughout the entire county), they immediately suspended further operations, and, instead, gave orders to their workmen to carefully bare the remainder of the roots.

6. Preliminary Note on the Colouring Matter of Peziza œruginosa

1866 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 439-441
Author(s):  
A. Crum Brown
Keyword(s):  
Dead Wood ◽  
Preliminary Note ◽  
Green Colour ◽  
The Family ◽  
Considerable Depth

The Peziza œruginosa is a fungus belonging to the family Ascomycetes, and order Elvellaceæ. Although the fructification is not often met with, the plant itself is by no means rare, growing on dead wood, chiefly of the oak, birch, and ash. It has an intense green colour, and tinges the wood on which it grows to a considerable depth.

RECORDS OF SOME SPECIES OF POLYCHAETA NEW TO BRITISH COLUMBIA AND OF EXTENSIONS IN DISTRIBUTION OF SOME OTHERS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Berkeley
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Considerable Depth ◽  
Geographical Locations

Twenty-five species of Polychaeta recently collected off the coast of British Columbia are discussed. Most were taken in waters of considerable depth off the west coast of Vancouver Island. Sixteen are new to British Columbia. Most of these are known from farther south on the west coast of North America, but some from much shallower depths than those from which they are now recorded; two of them are new to the northeast Pacific; one is a new subspecies. The other nine have been previously known from British Columbia, but they are now recorded from much greater depths than hitherto, or in new geographical locations.

Implications of HIPAA and Subsequent Regulations on Information Technology

2017 ◽  
pp. 71-98
Author(s):  
Payod Soni
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Health Plan ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
The Public ◽  
Considerable Depth ◽  
Made In

Abysmal state of policies governing the health plan providers lead to a huge discontent amongst the public in regards to their health plan besides privacy and security of their medical records. Anyone with access to the patient's medical records could potentially share it with parties like health plan providers or the employers. To address the privacy and the security of patient's medical records, Congress enacted HIPAA in 1996. Chapter starts with discussing the need for HIPAA. Subsequently, we discuss HIPAA at considerable depth. Significant additions and changes were made in subsequent acts and amendments due to pressing policy needs and to address various loopholes. The chapter provides a chronological recount of HIPAA since its introduction. Once the reader develops a complete understanding of HIPAA regulation, we shift our focus to the compliance to HIPAA. We delve deeper into implications of HIPAA on healthcare organizations and the information technology world.

Symposium on Amartya Sen's philosophy: 5 Adaptive preferences and women's options

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha C. Nussbaum
Keyword(s):  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Adaptive Preferences ◽  
Male Power ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Critical Activity ◽  
Political Project ◽  
The Many ◽  
Political Principles ◽  
Considerable Depth

Any defense of universal norms involves drawing distinctions among the many things people actually desire. If it is to have any content at all, it will say that some objects of desire are more central than others for political purposes, more indispensable to a human being's quality of life. Any wise such approach will go even further, holding that some existing preferences are actually bad bases for social policy. The list of Central Human Capabilities that forms the core of my political project contains many functions that many people over the ages have preferred not to grant to women, either not at all, or not on a basis of equality. To insist on their centrality is thus to go against preferences that have considerable depth and breadth in traditions of male power. Moreover, the list contains many items that women over the ages have not wanted for themselves, and some that even today many women do not pursue – so in putting the list at the center of a normative political project aimed at providing the philosophical underpinning for basic political principles, we are going against not just other people's preferences about women, but, more controversially, against many preferences (or so it seems) of women about themselves and their lives. To some extent, my approach, like Sen's, avoids these problems of paternalism by insisting that the political goal is capability, not actual functioning, and by dwelling on the central importance of choice as a good. But the notion of choice and practical reason used in the list is a normative notion, emphasizing the critical activity of reason in a way that does not reflect the actual use of reason in many lives.

A Note on Stibaropus tabulatus, Schiö. (Hem., Pent.), a new Pest of Tobacco in South India

1930 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Krishna Ayyar
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
South India ◽  
First Record ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Considerable Depth ◽  
New Pest

Stibaropus tabulatus, Schiödte, a Pentatomid bug of the subfamily Cydninae, is remarkable in having the unusual habit of living underground and attacking the roots of tobacco, and to the best of the writer's knowledge this is the first record of this species as an insect of economic importance; though Lefroy has mentioned the allied S. molginus, Schiödte, in his “Indian Insect Life” (p. 674) as having been observed at the roots of a palm in South India at a considerable depth below the surface. As the insect under report was something of a novelty and was a pest of such a valuable crop like tobacco, the writer made special efforts to study its life-history and habits, and it is the aim of this paper to place on record the results of his observations and studies, though he regrets that they are somewhat fragmentary in character.

From Decision Making to Decision Support

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Adam ◽  
Ciara Heavin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Full Diversity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Considerable Depth

In such a complex and well-researched domain as decision support systems (DSS), with a long history of authors making insightful contributions since the 1960’s, it is critical for researchers, especially those less experienced, to have a broad knowledge of the seminal work that has been carried out by prior generations of researchers. This can serve to avoid proposing research questions which have been considered many times before, without having consideration for the answers which have been put forward by previous scholars, thereby reinventing the wheel or “rediscovering” findings about the life of organizations that have been presented long before. The study of human and managerial decision-making is also characterized by considerable depth and seminal research going back to the beginning of the 20th century, across a variety of fields of research including psychology, social psychology, sociology or indeed operations research. Inasmuch as decision-making and decision support are inextricably linked, it is essential for researchers in DSS to be very familiar with both stream of research in their full diversity so they are able to understand both what activity is being supported and how to analyze requirements for developing decision support artefacts. In addition, whilst the area of decision support has sometimes been characterized by technology-based hype, it is critical to recognize that only a clear focus on the thinking and actions of managers can provide decisive directions for research on their decision support needs. In this article, we consider first the characteristics of human cognition, before concentrating on the decision-making needs of managers and the lessons that can be derived for the development of DSS.

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