Beyond Neoliberalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-161
Author(s):  
Christina Ergas
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
World View ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Social Inequity ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Economic Paradigm ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fierce Competition

Chapter 4 explains the cultural stories and values that bolster the neoliberal paradigm, one that shapes exploitative socioecological relationships. It argues that ideas have consequences and details the history of Western thought—such as Descartes’ hierarchical dualisms and social sciences’ profound misunderstanding of Darwin’s theory of evolution—that brought extreme individualization, inequality, and fierce competition. These stories and values promote ideas that humans have moral dominion over nature and man has dominion over woman. This world view justifies social inequity as well as humans’ exploitation of other species and the environment. These codified stories and values perpetuate humans’ acts of harm against others and the planet. The chapter further discusses how and why economic context matters in shaping paths of resistance and co-opting alternative and green technologies. It explains the need to scale up socioecological values first in order to cultivate the underlying framework for a new environmental economic paradigm.

Contributions to the History of Psychology: XCV. Possible Relations between Theories of Evolution and Animal Learning

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse E. Purdy ◽  
Arthur Harriman ◽  
Joseph Molitorisz
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
World View ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theories Of Evolution

It is proposed that the dominance of continuity learning theory as set against noncontinuity learning theory during the middle third of the 20th century rested importantly on its derivation from Darwin's theory of evolution. The kinship is shown in several ways. First, Thorndike and Hull echoed the principle of natural selection in their belief that behaviors underwent gradual modification because acts that were attended steadily by favorable consequences tended to occur with increasing frequency. Second, they denied both nonphysical explanations of behavior and a priori purposes which might guide that behavior. Third, the laws of learning were said to hold for all organisms. It is argued that the continuity approach may have enjoyed success because it was consistent with the Darwinian world view. Had punctualist, rather than gradualist, explanations of evolution come to the fore in the late 19th century, learning theories might have proceeded quite differently with the dominance of noncontinuity approaches.

On Purpose

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ruse
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Design ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Thought ◽  
The Way

Can we live without the idea of purpose? Should we even try to? Kant thought we were stuck with it, and even Darwin, who profoundly shook the idea, was unable to kill it. Indeed, purpose seems to be making a comeback today, as both religious advocates of intelligent design and some prominent secular philosophers argue that any explanation of life without the idea of purpose is missing something essential. This book explores the history of purpose in philosophical, religious, scientific, and historical thought, from ancient Greece to the present. The book traces how Platonic, Aristotelian, and Kantian ideas of purpose continue to shape Western thought. Along the way, it also takes up tough questions about the purpose of life—and whether it's possible to have meaning without purpose.

Missing Links in the History of Life

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 97-118
Author(s):  
Charles R. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living Species

Ever since Darwin proposed his theory of evolution (or more correctly, theories; see Mayr, 1991) it has been assumed that intermediates now extinct once existed between living species. For some, the hunt for these so-called missing links in the fossil record became an obsession, a search for evidence thought needed to establish the veracity of evolutionary theory. Few modern paleontologists, however, search explicitly for ancestors in the fossil record because we now know that fossils can be used to chart the order of evolution regardless of whether they are directly ancestral either to extinct organisms or to those living today.

scholarly journals Valorisation of Coffee Roasting By-Products: Recovery of Silverskin Fat By Supercritical CO2 Extraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Nasti ◽  
Andrea Galeazzi ◽  
Stefania Marzorati ◽  
Federica Zaccheria ◽  
Nicoletta Ravasio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Coffee Silverskin ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Investment ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
By Products

AbstractRecovery of agro and food-industrial waste and their valorisation via green technologies can help to outline new concepts of industrial strategies. In this contest, a fat enriched of added-value components was extracted from coffee silverskin by applying a supercritical fluid extraction technique (sc-CO2). An appropriate modulation of process parameters like temperature (T = 35, 50, 60 °C) and pressure (p = 200–300 bar) influences the fat yield and the chemical composition, opening the way for targeted extraction. The extraction time, the organic solvent use and the energy consume were reduced compared to Soxhlet. Moreover, a mathematical model was constructed based on the experimental data collected, employed apparatus, and physico-chemical characteristics of biomass, pointing to a possible industrial scale-up. The experimental results are accompanied by a preliminary cost of manufacturing (COM), highlighting how the high investment for the apparatus is compensated by several benefits. Graphic Abstract

Democracy meets rangatiratanga: Playcentre's bicultural journey 1989-2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Suzanne Manning
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
World View ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Public Commitment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Association ◽  
Consensus Decision Making

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to trace the implementation of biculturalism in the New Zealand Playcentre Federation between 1989, when a public commitment to The Treaty of Waitangi was made, and 2011, when Tiriti-based co-presidents were elected. Design/methodology/approach – The data were drawn from the Playcentre Journal and papers from Playcentre National meetings, as well as from the author's experience as a Pākehā participating in Playcentre. The events are analysed using democratic theory. Findings – Despite a willingness to encompass biculturalism, the processes of democracy as originally enacted by Playcentre hindered changes that allowed meaningful rangatiratanga (self-determination) by the Māori people within Playcentre. The factors that enabled rangatiratanga to gain acceptance were: changing to consensus decision making, allowing sub groups control over some decisions, and the adult education programme. These changes were made only after periods of open conflict. The structural changes that occurred in 2011 were the result of two decades of persistence and experimentation to find a way of honouring Te Tiriti within a democratic organisation. Social implications – The findings suggest that cultural pluralism within a liberal democratic organisation is best supported with an agonistic approach, where an underlying consensus of world view is not assumed but instead relies on a commitment by the different cultures to retaining the political association within the structure of the organisation. Originality/value – Many organisations in New Zealand, especially in education, struggle to implement biculturalism, and the findings of this study could be useful for informing policy in such organisations. This history of Playcentre continues from where previous histories finished.

scholarly journals The Fourth Way in Finland

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Vesa Iitti
Keyword(s):  
Holy Land ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Orthodox Christianity ◽  
The West ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychology Theory ◽  
Fourth Way ◽  
Spiritual Work

This article focuses on the general history of the Fourth Way in Finland. The Fourth Way, or simply ‘the Work’, began as a Greco-Armenian man named Georges Ivanovich Gurdjieff (1866?–1949) gathered groups of pupils in St Petersburg and Moscow in 1912. To these groups, Gurdjieff started to teach what he had learned and synthesized between ca 1896 and 1912 during his travels on spiritual search of Egypt, Crete, Sumeria, Assyria, the Holy Land, Mecca, Ethiopia, Sudan, India, Afghanistan, the northern valleys of Siberia, and Tibet. Neither Gurdjieff nor any of his disciples called themselves a church, a sect, or anything alike, but referred to themselves simply as ‘the Work’, or as ‘the Fourth Way’. The name ‘the Fourth Way’ originates in a Gurdjieffian view that there are essentially three traditional ways of spiritual work: those of a monk, a fakir, and a yogi. These ways do not literally refer to the activities of a monk, a fakir, and a yogi, but to similar types of spiritual work emphasizing exercise of emotion, body, or mind. Gurdjieff’s teaching is a blend of various influences that include Suf­ism, orthodox Christianity, Buddhism, Kabbalah, and general elem­ents of various occult teachings of both the East and the West. Gurdjieff’s teaching is a blend of various influences that include Suf­ism, orthodox Christianity, Buddhism, Kabbalah, and general elem­ents of various occult teachings of both the East and the West. It is a unique combination of cosmology, psychology, theory of evolution, and overall theory and practise aiming to help individ­uals in their efforts towards what is called ‘self-remembering’.  

scholarly journals To the question of the relationship between the brothers of Sheptytskyi and the Jews

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-178
Author(s):  
Ivan Matkovskyy
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Deep Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

The history of relations of the Sheptytskyj family and the Jewish people reaches back to those remote times when the representatives of the Sheptytskyi lineage held high and honorable secular and clerical posts, and the Jews, either upon invitation of King Danylo of Halych or King Casimir the Great, began to build up their own world in Halychyna. Throughout the whole life of Metropolitan Sheptytskyi and Blessed Martyr Klymentii, a thread of cooperation with the Jews is traceable. It should be noted that heroic deeds of the Sheptytskyi Brothers to save Jews during the Second World War were not purely circumstantial: they were preceded by a long-standing deep relationship with representatives of Jewish culture. In addition, the sense of responsibility of the Spiritual Pastor, as advocated by the Brothers, extended to all people of different religions and genesis with no exception. The world-view principles of Metropolitan Sheptytskyi are important for us in order to understand what was going on in the then society in attitude to the Jews. Also, of importance is the influence of the Metropolitan on Kasymyr Sheptytskyi, later Fr. Klymentii, because the Archbishop was not only his Brother, but also a church authority and the leader. And if from under the Metropolitan Sheptytskyi’s pen letters and pastorals were published, they were directives, instructions, edifications and explanations for the faithful and the clergy, and not at all, the products of His own reflections or personal experiences, which Archbishop Andrey wanted to share with the faithful. On the grounds of the available archive materials, an effort to reconstruct the chief moments of those relations was undertaken, aiming among others, to illustrate the fact that the saving of Jews during the Holocaust was not incidental, nor with any underlying reasons behind, but a natural manifestation of a good Christian tradition of «Love thy Neighbor», to which the Sheptytskyj were faithful. Keywords: Andrey Sheptytskyi, the Blessed Hieromartyr Klymentii Sheptytskyi, Jews, the Holocaust, Galicia, Righteous Among the Nations.

scholarly journals The Closed Religious Community: the Strategy of Forming аnd the Principles of Functioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Riazanova
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
World View ◽  
Popular Religion ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Total Community

The point of the author’s research interest is mechanisms for the formation of a private religious community on the example of the Intersession brotherhood. A group of believers was emerged as part of the revival of the Orthodox life of the Kama region, but transformed into specific organization with features of popular religion, new religious movements and so-called “historical sects.” Author reconstructs the history of the community involving elements of the biographical method. The study is based on interviews and correspondence with former members of the community, close people of the residents of the commune, as well as analysis of the materials of the closed group on the social network, some audio of the groups’ seminars, photocopies of the working notebooks of the group and a series of photographs made by the believers. The investigation is based on the theoretical constructions of E. Goffman and the concept of total community. Intersession brotherhood appears as a community with the features of totality – territorial and communication closure of the residents, their employment in internal jobs, perception of the group as a family. Lack of privacy is combined with the presence of “mother-child” connection to the leader. The practice of naming for adults, the creation of new marriages, participation in gender-oriented councils create a special micro-environment with the unification of the world view. The system of privileges for advanced residents is supplemented by a developed system of fines. It makes possible to speak about special tools that lead to a change of values, a narrowing of the set of social roles and a reduction of critical thinking.

scholarly journals Tres símbolos y una metáfora en la poesía de Andrés Sánchez Robayna

2018 ◽  
pp. 90-109
Author(s):  
Alejandro Rodríguez-Refojo
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
World View ◽  
Religious View ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Shed Light

Se analizan los símbolos de la barca, la casa y la piedra, así como la metáfora del Libro del Mundo, en la obra poética de Andrés Sánchez Robayna. El análisis se apoya en las aportaciones de la simbología y la historia de las religiones con el objetivo de esclarecer algunos aspectos clave de la cosmovisión del autor y de su poética. La presencia de imágenes pertenecientes al simbolismo del centro, la concepción de la poesía como enigma y la indagación en la memoria como una parte fundamental del proceso creador constituyen los elementos que conducen al surgimiento de una conciencia religiosa del mundo.                                                                                                                                                                                                              This paper aims to analyse three symbols presented in Andrés Sánchez Robayna’s work of poetry: the boat, the house, the stone, and the metaphor of the Book of the World. This analysis is supported by contributions in the fields of symbolism and history of religions and it seeks to shed light on some key aspects of the author’s poetics and world view. The imagery related to the symbolism of the centre, the conception of poetry as an enigma and the search through memory as an essential phase in the creative process represent the main elements which lead to the emergence of a religious view of the world.

scholarly journals Baltasar Gracián: verdad y retruécano

1999 ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Ana María Martínez de la Escalera
Keyword(s):  
Western Thought ◽  
Baltasar Gracian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Philosophy

This work deals with the conflictive interaction between Philosophy and Rhetoric throughout the history of Western thought. It identifies and explains three moments of interpretation which are called “interpretative crisis” (Gorgias’ epoque, Dante’s epoque and Baroque spanish critique). It certainly aims to criticize the somewhat secondary status of Rhetoric, considered by academic philosophy as an “ornamental” discipline. Lastly, it tends to prove than most concepts and forms of argumentative thought have an originally rhetoric background.

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